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Junior Posting > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

A fistula is an ______________ between a __________ and the __________ , or between ___________¹.

A wound sinus is a __________________________ that extends from the ___________ of an organ to an __________________ ”

A

abnormal passage

hollow organ ; skin surface;

discharging blind-ended tract

surface; underlying area or abscess cavity

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2
Q

Kasai portoenterostomy is the classic operation for the condition of ______________ and consists of _________ of all _________ remnants and the _________ then using a _________ of mobilised _________ to anastomose to the denuded transected portal plate within the porta hepatis at the _________ of the liver.

A

congenital biliary atresia

excision

extrahepatic bile duct ;gallbladder

Roux loop ; jejunum

root

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3
Q

One hb = ____gm of bilirubin

A

35

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4
Q

Bile is _______ color then on exposure to line it becomes ________

A

golden yellow

Green

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5
Q

5 major problems of obstructive jaundice

________________

___________ fixed with ____________

____________

_______________fixed by ____________ fluid

___________ tendencies

A

Hepatorenal syndrome

dehydration; dextrose water

sepsis

hypoglycemia; glucose containing

bleeding

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6
Q

Retrograde ____________ intussusception is a rare complication of _________ and _________reconstruction

A

jejuno-gastric

gastrojejunostomy

Billroth II

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7
Q

In a Billroth II reconstruction after a __________________, the ______________ is (opened or closed?) and a ____________________ is created

A

partial gastrectomy

duodenal stump

Closed ; gastrojejunostomy

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8
Q

A choledochal cyst (CC) or biliary cyst is a congenital or acquired anomaly affecting the biliary tree. It involves the _________ of the __________ that could affect the ____________ and/or the ___________ segments.

A

dilation; biliary tree

extrahepatic ; intrahepatic

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9
Q

The triangular cord sign is a triangular or tubular ___________ of ________ tissue, representing the _________ of the _____________________ , seen in the porta hepatis at ____________, and is relatively specific for the diagnosis of biliary atresia 1,2.

A

echogenic cord ; fibrous

ductal remnant; extrahepatic bile duct

ultrasonography

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10
Q

Peak incidence of intussusception is e between ??

A

6th to 9th month after birth

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11
Q

Diarrhea can cause intussusception

T/F

A

T

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12
Q

Meckel’s rule of 2

Epidemiology: ________,___________,_______

Anatomical: _________,_________

Two types of _______________

A

2% of the population
presentation before the age of two.
2 times more common in males

2 feet from the ileocecal valve
2 inches in length

heterotopic Mucosa

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13
Q

Primary causes of intussusception?

A

Change in diet at weaning
URTI

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14
Q

Nonoperative reduction — Nonoperative reduction using ________ or _________ by enema

A

hydrostatic

pneumatic pressure

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15
Q

17 pathologic lead points of Intussusception

A

Meckel’s Diverticulum
Acute appendicitis
Lymphoma
Intestinal polyps
Scar tissue/adhesions
Coeliac disease
Henoch schnolein purpura
Crohn’s disease
Waugh’s syndrome
Myelomeningocoele

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16
Q

Most causes of cholestatic jaundice are a result of diseases of the _________ or ___________ , including intrahepatic forms caused by _______,_________,_________ , and destruction of the interlobular ducts.

A

liver or biliary tract

drugs, alcohol, infection

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17
Q

Types of internal fixators include:

Mention 3

A

Plate and screws
Kirschner wires
Intramedullary nails

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18
Q

An orthopedic plate is a form of __________ fixation used in orthopaedic surgery to hold __________ in place to allow __________ and to reduce the possibility of __________. Most modern plates include bone __________ to help the orthopedic plate stay in place.

A

internal ; fractures

bone healing

nonunion ; screws

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19
Q

___________ wires or K-wires or pins are sterilized, sharpened, smooth stainless steel pins.
They come in different sizes and are used to ____________________ (
___________ fixation) or to provide an anchor for ___________.

The pins are often driven into the bone through the _______ (___________ fixation) using a ________ or _________ . They also form part of the ___________ apparatus.

A

Kirschner

hold bone ;pin

skeletal traction. ; skin

percutaneous pin ; power or hand drill

Ilizarov apparatus.

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20
Q

An intramedullary rod, also known as an intramedullary nail (IM nail) or inter-locking nail or __________ nail , is a __________ forced into the __________ of a bone.

IM nails have long been used to treat fractures of _______ bones of the body.

A

Küntscher nail ; metal rod

medullary cavity ; long bones

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21
Q

IM nails resulted in earlier return to activity for the soldiers, sometimes even within a span of a few weeks, since they _______________________, rather than entirely _______________

A

share the load with the bone

supporting the bone

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22
Q

Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)

Open reduction refers to _____________________, as is necessary for some fractures.

Internal fixation refers to fixation of _____________________, _____________________, and other devices to enable or facilitate healing.

A

open surgery to set bones,

screws and/or plates

intramedullary rods

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23
Q

Closed Reduction Internal Fixation (CRIF) is reduction without any ___________ , followed by __________.

It appears to be an acceptable alternative in unstable distressed _____________ fractures of the _________ in children, but if fracture displacement after closed reduction exceeds ________, open reduction and internal fixation is recommended.

A

open surgery

internal fixation

lateral condylar ; humerus

2 mm

24
Q

5Rs of fracture management

A

Resuscitate
Radiology
Reduce
Retain
Rehabilitate

25
Q

Atresia is __________ due to a _________

A

Failure of canalization

Vascular accident

26
Q

Most common type of TOF is???

A

Type C

Distal fistula
Proximal atresia

27
Q

CHARGE syndrome is a disorder that affects many areas of the body.

CHARGE:

List all

A

coloboma, heart defects, atresia choanae , growth retardation, genital abnormalities, and ear abnormalities.

28
Q

The ‘double bubble’ sign in prenatal diagnosis is most often associated with __________________

A

duodenal atresia

29
Q

omphalocele defect

This sac consists of
an inner layer of ________
middle layer of _____________
outer layer of ___________.

A

peritoneum; Wharton’s jelly

amnion

30
Q

Gastroschisis is a birth defect where a _______ in the _______________ beside the _________ allows the baby’s ________ to extend outside of the baby’s body.

A

hole; abdominal (belly) wall

belly button

intestines

31
Q

What Is a PSARP?

A _____________________ (PSARP), sometimes called a ________ surgery, is a procedure that repairs _________________, or defects of the ______ and/or ______.

A

posterior sagital anorectoplasty

pull-through

anorectal malformations

rectum; anus

32
Q

When there is unilateral undescended tetes, the percentage for fertility is _______

For bilateral, it’s _______

A

60-66%

33%

33
Q

Placenta Previa

When the ______________________________.

A

placenta covers the opening in the mother’s cervix

34
Q

Placenta praevia risk factors include a ___________, age older than _____ and a history of previous surgeries, such as a ____________ or ____________ removal.

A

previous delivery

35

caesarean section (C-section)

uterine fibroid

35
Q

Placenta Previa

The main symptom is _______________ (with or without?) pain during the _______-half of pregnancy.

A

bright red vaginal bleeding

Without

second

36
Q

5 tails of Lockwood

A

Perineum
Root of the penis
Femoral triangle
Superficial inguinal pouch
Scrotal

37
Q

____________ is the absence of both testes at birth

_____________ is the presence of only one testis

_____________ is a very rare anomaly, which is defined by the presence of more than two testicles

A

Anorchia

Monorchia

Polyorchidism

38
Q

Types of testes?

A

Ectopic
Undescended
Retractile
Ascending
Congenital
Acquired

39
Q

Laparotomy Is a part of emergency treatment

T/F

A

T

40
Q

A __________( _____________) is the most definitive initial treatment of a pneumothorax.

A

chest tube (or intercostal drain)

41
Q

Immediate management of open pneumothorax is to __________ with a __________ sterile occlusive dressing that is closed securely with tape on __________. Thus, the dressing prevents ______________________________ during inspiration but allows _________________ during expiration.

A

cover the wound

rectangular ; only 3 sides.

atmospheric air from entering the chest wall

any intrapleural air out during expiration.

42
Q

Most moderate sized and all massive hemothoraxes should be treated with _________________ .

A

tube thoracostomy

43
Q

Flail chest is a traumatic disorder that happens when ______________ located ___________ are ________ in _______________

A

three or more ribs

next to each other

fractured

two or more places.

44
Q

________________ to achieve chest cavity stabilization is the standard treatment for patients with both flail chest and lung damage.

This treatment has a demonstrated ability to reduce mortality rates, but the possibility of developing ___________ increases the longer it is in place.

A

Mechanical ventilation

neumonia

45
Q

The definitive treatment for cardiac tamponade is _____________________________.

A

removal of the accumulated pericardial fluid

46
Q

Definitive treatment of airway obstruction

An ___________ or ________________ may be inserted into the airway. This can help get oxygen through swollen airways. A _____________ or ___________ are surgical openings made in the airway to bypass an obstruction.

A

endotracheal; nasotracheal tube

tracheostomy and cricothyrotomy

47
Q

X-rays you do in an emergency situation

Mention3

A

Chest X-ray
Pelvic X-ray
Cross table lateral of the Cervical spine

48
Q

Adjuncts of primary survey

Mention 6

A

Vital signs
Pulse oximeter and CO2
ECG
Urine output
Urinary/gastric catheters
Arterial blood gases

49
Q

Adjuncts to Primary Survey
Diagnostic Tools

●_____________
● _______________

A

Focused abdominal sonography in trauma(FAST)

Diagnostic peritoneal lavage

50
Q

When do I start the secondary survey?
After
●_________ is completed
● ABCDEs are ___________
● ____________ are returning to normal

A

Primary survey

reassessed

Vital functions

51
Q

13 Pathological lead pouts of Intussusception

A

Meckel’s diverticulum
Polyps
Intestinal duplication
Lymphoma
Hemangioma
Lymphosarcoma
Enteric cysts
Henoch-schloein purpura
Cystic fibrosis
Benign intestinal neoplasm
Ectopic gastric mucosa
Ectopic pancreatic mucosa
Ascariasis

52
Q

Clinical presentation of Intussusception

•sudden onset of _____________ and _________ of the _______

•___________

•stool is initially _______ then _________

A

Intermittent Inconsolable cries; indrawing; legs

Vomiting

Mucoid; bloody

53
Q

Abdominal USS in Intussusception

Color duplex to detect ???

A

Viability

54
Q

Non -operative management

Hydrostatic reduction can be done in intussusception using _____,______,________

A

Saline

Barium

Gastrograffin

55
Q

Contraindications to Non-operative reduction of intussusception

Absolute:
Signs of _____________, suspected ____________

Relative : ________ bleeding, symptoms > _________

A

Peritonitis; perforation

Rectal; 24-48hrs

Junior Posting (35 decks)

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