Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Junior Posting > Sepsis Asepsis and Sterilization > Flashcards

Sepsis Asepsis and Sterilization Flashcards

1
Q

• Sepsis- state of _________________

• The word Asepsis: Greek “a” to ________, “sepsis”= _____________

A

infection by microbial organisms

deprive

putrefaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Asepsis presumes the risk of __________ contamination is minimal.

A

airborne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aseptic method can be _________ or ________

A

medical

surgical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Medical asepsis: objects are classified as ________ or ________

A

clean or dirty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sources of infection

• Endogenous: _____,_______,______

Exogenous: _________,________,_________

A

Skin
Mucous membranes
Viscera

Theatre environment
The Surgeon
other theatre staffs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Some Principles of asepsis

• Surgeon’s preparation for surgery
• Surgeons with an ________ should not operate
• Surgeon with ______,_______,_____ on the hand and forearm should not operate
•________/__________ swabs

A

URTI

cuts, abrasions, rashes

Nasal/pharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Asepsis-theatre work ethics

• Always _________ the sterile field; avoid _________ to the sterile.
• Keep sterile instruments _________ level
• Avoid reaching ________________.
• Do not _________,_______,_______ over a sterile field
• Keep sterile field dry.
• Sterilized instruments should have labels showing contents, time and date and

A

face ; tuning side or back

above waist or table

across the sterile field.

speak, sneeze or cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Asepsis-theatre work ethics contd
• __________ before a surgical procedure removes as many microorganisms from the hand
• Sterile gowns
• Gloving
• Carry linens away from the body
• Do not raise dust-avoid __________

A

Scrubbing

shaking linens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Asepsis:Patient-related factors
•______ hospital stay before surgery and after is desirable
• Control patient related _____________ that increases susceptibility to sepsis
• Preoperative showering –no evidence
• Change patients to _____________ before transporting them to theatre. Remove nail polishes, jewelleries
• Remove ___________ before entering the theatre

A

Short

co-morbid factors

clean theatre gown

ward blankets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Asepsis-theatre related factors

• Air-borne mode of transmission unusual but should be considered in surgeries involving _________.
• Circulating airborne pathogens is related to the ________ in the theatre and their _____________ and __________
• Door leading to the theatre should not be _________ as it affects ventilation system

A

implants

number of people

movements and theatre clothing worn.

left open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Theatre ventilation systems should be _________ or ___________ mode(Theatre pressure(<or>?) outside rooms)</or>

A

plenum

positive air pressure

>

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Decontamination

Concept applied to __________________ to ensure safety in their further use on patients and handling by the theatre staff

A

re-usable medical instruments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Decontamination involves:

_________
_________
___________

A

Cleaning
Disinfection
Sterilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

decontamination

Cleaning removes ________ contamination not necessarily _____________

• Disinfection is a process that reduces the ________________. _____,_______ may be unaffected

• Disinfectants are ________ preparations used on ____________.

A

visible; destroy microorganisms.

number of viable organism to an acceptable level

Viruses bacterial spores

Chemical; inanimate objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cleaning is a prerequisite to __________ and __________

A

disinfection and sterilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Disinfectant May be toxic to tissues

T/F

A

T

17
Q

Disinfection of surgical instruments •

Disinfection may be via:
•__________ for heat-tolerant instruments. ________,________
• Kills most _______

• Chemical disinfection: good where —————— cannot be used
• eg 2percent _________ and ________

A

Moist heat

rigid proctoscope, speculum; viruses

moist heat

glutaraldehyde and peracetic acid

18
Q

Moist heat disinfection may be used for heavily contaminated instruments prior to cleaning

T/F

A

T

19
Q

Levels of chemical disinfection

Differentiate

High level disinfection

Intermediate disinfection

Low level disinfection

A

High:can handle everything, including spores but that’s when it’s not in a high concentration

Intermediate:inactivates mycobacterium, and all the others, except bacterial spores

Low: kills most bacteria , some viruses, some fungi , but can’t be relied on to kill the resistant microorganisms such as bacterial spores or tubercle bacilli

20
Q

Medical devices Versus risk of infection

Critical

Semi-critical

Non-critical

A

Critical : enters normal body sterile tissue . Must be sterilized

Semi-critical:contact mucous membranes. High level disinfection, sterilization

Non-critical: contact intact skin. Intermediate or low level disinfection

21
Q

Selection of chemical disinfectants in clinical practice

• Low Level disinfectants:
__________
____________

Intermediate level disinfectants
________
_______
___________

High level disinfectants
____________
_______________

A

Phenolics
Quatenary ammonium compounds

Alcohols
Hypochlorites
Iodine/iodophors

Hydrogen peroxide
Glutaraldehyde

22
Q

Antiseptics
• An antiseptic is a type of _________, which _________ or ______________ micro-organisms on living tissues without ____________ effects when applied to surfaces of the body or to exposed tissues.

A

disinfectant

destroys or inhibits growth of

causing injurious

23
Q

Clinical applications of anti-sepsis

• prevent infection of _________ or ______
•applied to _______ and _______ to prevent sepsis by removing or excluding microbes from these

A

unbroken skin or mucous membranes

Burns and open wounds

24
Q

Ideal antiseptics
• _______ action
• _______ action
• _______ effect
• _______
• _______ reaction

A

Rapid
Broad
Persistent
Safe
Minimal

25
Q

Chlorhexidine plus cetrimide ( ________ )

Povidone-iodine( ___________ )

A

Savlon

Betadine

26
Q

___________________ (Savlon)

A

Chlorhexidine plus cetrimide

27
Q

_____________________ (Betadine)

A

Povidone-iodine

28
Q

Sterilization
• (Partial or Complete?) destruction of all viable microorganisms including _____,______,______

A

Complete

spores, viruses and mycobacteria.

29
Q

Modes of sterilization
• __________
• __________
• __________

A

Physical
• Chemical
• Ionizing radiation

30
Q

_________ is the Principle behind the autoclave

A

Steam under pressure

31
Q

SSIs are infections along ____________ related to the operation within _________ for a non prosthetic /_______ for a prosthetic surgery.

A

the operative tract

30 days

1 year

32
Q

IDENTIFYING SSIs
Based on:
•Site & extent
● Incisional infections
-Superficial: ______ only ± _________
-Deep: __________(_____ and _____)

● Organ/ Space infections: ____________

A

Skin; ; subcutaneous tissue

Deep soft tissue (fascia and muscle)

Organ/space

33
Q

Minor SSI
-may ___________ or ____________
-not associated with ____________ or _______ signs.

•Major SSI
-discharges ___________
-needs a ___________ to drain it.
-systemic signs of SIRS-tachycardia,
pyrexia, raised white count.

A

discharge pus; infected serous fluid

excessive discomfort; systemic

significant quantities of pus

secondary procedure

34
Q

Quantitatively, the risk of SSI is markedly increased if a surgical site is contaminated with >_____ microorganisms per gram of tissue.

•The dose of contaminating microorganisms to produce infection lower in presence of ________. E.g 100 staphylococci per gram of tissue introduced on ________

A

105

foreign material

silk sutures

35
Q

Risk Factors for SSI: Patient factors

•_____
•Diabetes
–________
–Glucose >______ mg/dL post period
(<48 hours)
•Nicotine use: delays primary wound healing
•Malnutrition
•Obesity: ____% over ideal body weight
•Prolonged preoperative stay: surrogate of the severity of illness and comorbid conditions
•Coexistent infections at a remote body site
•Altered ____________

A

Age

HbA1C ; 200

20

immune response

36
Q

LOCAL INFECTIONS
•Abscess
–Signs of acute inflammation
– _______ organisms implicated
–release of cytokines,O2 free radicals
–Tissue ______ and _______
–Drainage with _______
–Guided _______
–Antibiotics if not ________
–Healing by ______________

A

Pyogenic

necrosis & suppuration

curettage

aspiration; localised

secondary intention

Junior Posting (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions