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Junior Posting > Congenital Disorders Of The genitourinary System > Flashcards

Congenital Disorders Of The genitourinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Disorders of GUS

Disorder of presence/number

Disorder of location

A
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2
Q

Aetiology of bilateral agenesis

Due to lack of ________ of the ___________ by the __________

Absence of _________________

_________________ maldevelopment

A

induction; metanephric blastema; ureteric bud

metanephric blastema

Ureteric bud

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3
Q

Unilateral renal agenesis- an incidental finding with compensatory __________ of the contralateral kidney

It’s a _______ ending ____________

A

hypertrophy

Blind; ureteric stump

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4
Q

Disorder of location

————- kidney
______ or _________ kidney

__________ kidney

A

Pelvic

Iliac or lumbar

Thoracic

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5
Q

Pelvi- Ureteric Junction(PUJ) obstruction

Common abnormality of the ______
More in (boys or girls?) than (boys or girls?)
Affects (left or right?) more than (left or right?)

A

ureter

Boys; girls

Left; right

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6
Q

Ureters

Duplex-(duplication) – a kidney with two pelvi- caliceal system

Complete duplication- a kidney with ________ that drain ______ into or below the bladder

Incomplete duplication- two ureters ___________ that drains into bladder through ___________

A

two ureters ; separately

fuse into a single unit

a single orifice

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7
Q

The most common anomaly of the ureters Incomplete and complete

Incomplete – 1 in ____ individuals

Complete – 1 in _____ individuals

A

25

125

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8
Q

Ectopic ureters- ureters drain into an abnormal site

Female to male ratio- __:__

80% of all affected ureters drain the _______________ of the kidney

A

6;1

upper pole

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9
Q

Male ectopic ureters always terminate (proximal or distal?) to the external sphincter

A

Proximal

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10
Q

MEGAURETER- unusually ________ ureters

Associated features include _________ and _________

Two major problems are _________ and massive ______

Left side > Right side

A

dilated

tortuosity ; enlongation

obstruction ; vesicoureteral reflux

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11
Q

URETEROCELE- ___________ of the terminus of the ureters as it continues with the urinary bladder

80% occur in (male or female?)

A

cystic dilatation

female

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12
Q

BLADDER EXSTROPHY

Absence of the ______________ and the ____________________________

Usually associated with ____________

A

anterior abdominal wall

anterior wall of the urinary bladder

epispadias

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13
Q

Treatment for bladder exstrophy

  • initial _________
    -_____________ of the defect which involves bladder ________ and closure of the _______________ defect
A

resuscitation

primary closure; reconstruction

anterior abdominal wall

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14
Q

APENIA-congenital absence of the ________

A

penile shaft

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15
Q

MICROPENIS-due to ________ disturbances resulting from ________ _________

MEGALOPENIS-due to ______ levels of ___________

A

hormonal

hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

high; testesterone

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16
Q

POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVE

Congenital __________ in the posterior urethra

Common cause of _______________

Presents as a spectrum

Management is a challenge to the clinician as well as to the surgeon

A

mucosal folds

bladder outlet obstruction

17
Q

EPIDEMIOLOGY of posterior urethral valve

Disease unique to _______ , exclusively in ______ ; rarely, reports in _________

Increase incidence witnessed attributed to use of ___________

A

males; boys ; adults

antenatal USS

18
Q

Prenatal diagnosis of PUV

Failure of _____________

__________ bladder wall

________________

Renal dysplasia

____hydromnios

A

bladder emptying

Thickened; Hydronephrosis

Oligo

19
Q

Postnatal diagnosis of Posterior urethral valve

Depends largely on the _____ at presentation

A

age

20
Q

Treatment for posterior urethral valve

PRIMARY VALVE ABLATION
BLIND
_____________________ using ________ catheter or _________________

A

Balloon valve avulsion; Fogarty
Mohan’s valvulotome

21
Q

Treatment for posterior urethral valve

PRIMARY VALVE ABLATION

___________
______________
_________________

A

BLIND
ENDOSCOPIC
Renal transplantation

22
Q

HYPOSPADIAS
Abnormal _________ of the _________ on _________ aspect of _________.

Incidence appears to be increasing worldwide

A

opening ; urethra

ventral ;penis.

23
Q

Hypospadias occurs due to _________ of complete _______ of (genital) ________

A

failure (arrest)

fusion

Urethral folds

24
Q

Hypospadias

___________ opening
______ and _______ glans (______-like)
_________
____________

A

Ventral urethral opening
Splayed and flattened glans (spade-like)
Hooding
Chordee

25
Q

Hypospadias

Splayed and flattened glans (spade-like)

Sometimes appears rather (small or large?(
A cause of anxiety for mothers (______ acceptability)

A

Large

Sexual

26
Q

Hypospadias

Chordee: may be due to

___________

__________ adjacent to urethra
______urethra
________ disproportion
Not present in all patients

A

Skin tethering

Fibrous band

Short; Corporal

27
Q

Surgery for hypospadias is?

A

Urethroplasty

28
Q

Congenital genitalia anomalies in females

Labial fusion- fused labia _______ predisposes to _______

Clitoral hypertrophy-due to ___________ in-utero

A

minora; recurrent UTI

exposure to testestorone

29
Q

Congenital genitalia anomalies in females

Usually due to ______________ disorders of _______ synthesis

A

congenital enzyme

cortisol

30
Q

Congenital genitalia anomalies in females

_________
___________

A

Labial fusion
Clitoral hypertrophy

31
Q

anomalies of the testes

Undescended testis- ______ of the testis along __________________

The most common site is the _________________

Affects about 3-4% of boys and about 30% of _______ babies

A

arrest

its normal path of descent

superficial inguinal ring

premature babies

32
Q

Clinical features of undescended testes

______ scrotum
_______________ scrotal sacs, poorly defined _________

Occasionally palpable testis which cannot be ___________________

A

empty; poorly developed

ruggae; coaxed into the ipsilateral scrotum

33
Q

Treatment of undescended testes???

A

Orchidopexy

34
Q

ECTOPIC TESTIS- one that has tranverses the normal path of descent but _______________

A

deviates to abnormal sites

Junior Posting (35 decks)

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