Human Phys 4.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are all blood vessels?

A

Distensible (elastic)

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2
Q

What does the elastic nature of arteries allow them to do?

A

Buffer fluctuations in pressure and pulsatile output to deliver constant non-pulsatile blood flow preventing transmission of excess energy to target organs

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3
Q

What will repeated exposure to pulsatile pressure/flow to high flow organs cause?

A

Micro vascular hypoperfusion and ischemia

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4
Q

How much more distensible are veins than arteries?

A

8x more

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5
Q

Why do veins serve as blood reservoirs?

A

They are much more distensible than arteries (hold 64% of blood volume)

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6
Q

Vascular compliance

A

Volume/pressure

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7
Q

Compliance

A

Total quantity of blood that can be stored in a given portion of the circulation

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8
Q

What are more compliant between veins and arteries?

A

Veins

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9
Q

Elastance

A

Pressure/volume

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10
Q

What has higher elastance between veins and arteries?

A

Arteries

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11
Q

Why are IVs given in the veins only?

A

Because a change in volume does not effect pressure as much

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12
Q

Arteries (pressure and volume)

A

Pressure increases high and volume stays low

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13
Q

Veins (pressure and volume)

A

Volume increases high pressure stays low

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14
Q

Stress relaxation

A

Property or biological tissues that is related to their viscoelastic properties

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15
Q

What happens to blood vessels when exposed to increased pressure?

A

They show delayed stretching allowing pressure to normalize

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16
Q

What is a way that vasculature responds to hemorrhage?

A

Delayed compliance (reverse stress relaxation)

17
Q

What would happen if arterial distensibility was absent (arterial stiffness)?

A

Blood would only flow during systole and no flow would occur during diastole

18
Q

What are factors affecting pulse pressure?

A

Increase in SV increases pulse pressure

Increase in Arterial compliance decreases pulse pressure

19
Q

What happens during stiff arteries?

A

Velocity is higher because there is no wasted energy to expand vessels (but causes no flow during diastole) (poor ventricular filling)

20
Q

What happens between SBP and DBP as we age?

A

It gets farther apart due to artery stiffness

21
Q

What does increase stiffness result in?

A

Increased pulse wave velocity (pulse wave velocity is bad)

22
Q

What is the most beneficial exercise for arterial stiffness?

A

Aerobic exercise

23
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Stiff arteries (low compliance)

24
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

Diminished blood flow due to narrow openings

25
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

More than 1/2 of blood pumped into aorta flows backward into the PA causing a significant drop in DBP

26
Q

Aortic regurgitation

A

Aortic valve does not close and blood flows back into the LV causing pressure to drop close to zero

27
Q

What is damping caused by?

A

Resistance of blood movement

Compliance of vessels

28
Q

Where does most damping occur?

A

Arterioles (because most resistance and least compliance is found here)

29
Q

What is the first sound?

A

Systolic BP

30
Q

What is the disappearance of the sound?

A

Diastolic BP

31
Q

What is the BP equation?

A

BP=CO x TPR

32
Q

What are the two physical determinants of pulse pressure?

A

Arterial compliance and the change in arterial volume

33
Q

What are the two physiological determinants of mean arterial pressure?

A

Cardiac output and total peripheral resistance