Small Animal Disease Flashcards
What type of virus is a rabies virus?
A rhabdovirus.
What species are susceptible to the rabies virus?
Mammals.
What 5 animals are reservoirs for rabies?
- Coyotes.
- Bats.
- Raccoons.
- Skunks.
- Foxes.
What are the 2 prevention methods used for rabies?
- A killed vaccine.
- A recombinant vaccine.
How is rabies diagnosed?
Post-mortem exam of the brain.
Where is rabies found/excreted?
In the saliva (eventually) and nervous tissue.
How is rabies transmitted?
Through a bite (usually) or a scratch (possibly if an animal groomed its paws).
What is the incubation period for rabies?
2-3 weeks to a year. Depends on the location of the bite (Tail v. neck) and the size of the animal (Large takes longer than small if bitten in the same location).
What is the progression of rabies clinical signs?
1-3 days: Abnormal behavior (Chew at wound, wander, nervous, apprehensive).
3-4 days: Excitatory/furious form or paralytic/dumb form.
What is the treatment for rabies?
There is no treatment for rabies in animals, other than a booster Vx. There is a post-exposure Vx series available for humans.
What is the prognosis for rabies?
Fatal once clinical signs are shown.
Is rabies zoonotic?
Yes.
What is the cause of canine distemper?
A paramyxovirus.
What 4 animals are susceptible to canine distemper?
- Skunks.
- Ferrets.
- Raccoons.
- Dogs/canids.
What are the 5 reservoir animals for canine distemper?
- Domestic and wild canids.
- Skunks.
- Otters.
- Weasels.
- Raccoons.
How do most clinical signs of canine distemper manifest?
In a subclinical manner.
What are the 4 clinical signs of a mild case of canine distemper?
- URT signs.
- Fever.
- Mild depression.
- Decreased appetite.
What are 4 clinical signs of a severe case of canine distemper?
- The mild symptoms, just worse.
- Anorexia.
- Vomiting.
- Diarrhea (+/- blood).
What are other clinical signs of canine distemper that may manifest?
- Old-dog encephalitis (as a result of having recovered from canine distemper).
- Abortion in pregnant dogs.
- Hyperkeratosis on the nasal planum and foot pads.
- Dry eye.
- Poor tooth enamel (pitted enamel).
- Neurologic dysfunction (1-3 weeks after resolution of mild or severe symptoms).
How is canine distemper diagnosed?
Based on the signalment, Hx, and clinical signs. Although, antibodies can be detected in conjunctival and respiratory secretions.
Where is canine distemper found/excreted?
All secretions, but primarily respiratory ones.
How is canine distemper transmitted?
Direct contact.
What are the treatment options for canine distemper?
Supportive and symptomatic treatments.
What is the prognosis for canine distemper?
Variable.
How is canine distemper contraction prevented?
- MLV Vx.
- Recombinant Vx.
Is canine distemper zoonotic?
No.
What is the causative agent for infectious canine hepatitis?
Canine Adenovirus type 1 (CAV1).
What species is susceptible to infectious canine hepatitis?
Dogs.
What are the 8 clinical signs of infectious canine hepatitis?
- Blue eyes due to corneal edema.
- Bleeding disorders (liver damage prevents clotting factor synthesis).
- Hepatitis.
- Respiratory signs.
- Fever.
- Glomerulonephritis.
- Vomiting.
- Diarrhea.
*Can be asymptomatic, often followed by peracute death.
How is infectious canine hepatitis diagnosed?
Lab tests, such as PCR.
Where is infectious canine hepatitis found/excreted?
Urine and respiratory tract secretions.
How is infectious canine hepatitis transmitted?
Orally, nasopharyngeal exposure, or conjunctival exposure.
How is infectious canine hepatitis treated?
Through supportive and symptomatic care.
What is the prognosis for infectious canine hepatitis in young dogs (9-12 weeks)?
30-40% mortality rate.
How is infectious canine hepatitis contraction prevented?
MLV CAV-2.
Is infectious canine hepatitis zoonotic?
No.
What is the causative agent for canine parvovirus?
Canine parvovirus type 2 and 2b.
What species is susceptible to canine parvovirus?
Dogs. Certain strains can affect cats.
What 2 dog breeds are particularly susceptible to canine parvovirus?
- Rottweilers.
- Dobermans.
What are the 6 clinical signs of canine parvovirus?
- Fever.
- Septic shock.
- Myocarditis.
- Severe Diarrhea.
- Severe Vomiting.
- Death.
*Symptoms can be subclinical.
How is parvovirus diagnosed?
An in-house fecal antigen test.
Where is canine parvovirus excreted/found?
In feces and vomitus.
How is canine parvovirus transmitted?
- Fecal-oral.
- In utero.
How is a room disinfected after holding an animal that was infected by parvovirus?
1:30 bleach solution for > 2 minutes.
How is canine parvovirus treated?
Supportive and symptomatic care, +/- antiviral drugs.
What is the prognosis for canine parvovirus?
50% mortality.
Is canine parvovirus zoonotic?
No.