Human Phys 7.3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are vitamin B12 and folic acid essential for?

A

Maturation of RBC

DNA synthesis

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2
Q

Why do RBC become much larger than normal?

A

Failure to proliferate rapidly

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3
Q

What causes RBC to have a short life that is 1/2 to 1/3 normal?

A

Their fragility

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4
Q

What do parietal cells of the gastric glands secrete?

A

Glycoprotein called intrinsic factor

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5
Q

What is intrinsic factor required for?

A

Vitamin B12 uptake by binding to B12 and protecting it from digestion

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6
Q

What does lack of vitamin B12 cause?

A

Macrocytic normochromic anemia

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7
Q

What % of total body iron is bound to heme in RBC and muscle cells?

A

67%

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8
Q

How much iron is stored in macrophages and hepatic paranchymal cells?

A

30%

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9
Q

How much iron is lost daily in sweat, urine, bile, and minor bleeding?

A

3%

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10
Q

How much iron is required daily for erythropoiesis?

A

25 mg

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11
Q

What is the dietary recommendation of iron daily?

A

1-2 mg the rest is from continual recycling of RBC

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12
Q

Microcytic-hypochromic anemias

A

Red cells that are abnormally small and contain reduced amounts of hemoglobin

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13
Q

What is microcytic-hypochromic anemia related to?

A

Disorders of iron metabolism

Disorders of globin synthesis

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14
Q

What is the most common type of anemia worldwide?

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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15
Q

What is iron deficiency anemia caused by?

A

Nutritional iron loss

Blood loss

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16
Q

When is iron deficiency anemia present?

A

When serum hemoglobin decreased to 7 or 8

17
Q

Normocytic-normochromic anemias

A

Red cells that are relatively normal in size and hemoglobin but insufficient in number

18
Q

What causes Normocytic-normochromic anemias?

A

Loss of functioning bone marrow

Acute blood loss

Immune destruction of RBC

Sickle cell

19
Q

What are the effects of anemia on the circulatory system?

A

Increase in blood flow and vasodilation which leads to increase CO and pumping workload of heart (increase risk of HF)

20
Q

Polycythemia

A

Overproduction of RBC

21
Q

Relative polycythemia

A

Result of dehydration

22
Q

Primary absolute polycythemia

A

Abnormality of stem cells in the bone marrow

23
Q

Secondary absolute polycythemia

A

Increase in EPO as a normal response to chronic hypoxia or an inappropriate response to EPO secreting tumors

24
Q

Polycythemia Vera

A

Abnormal uncontrolled proliferation of RBC, WBC, and platelets

25
Q

What causes polycythemia Vera?

A

Increased blood viscosity

Hypercoagulopathy