Development Flashcards

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1
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized egg (conception to 2 weeks)—rapid cell division

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2
Q

Embryo

A

(2 - 8 wks.)—attachment to uterus, heartbeat begins, body parts appear, organs & internal systems form
Critically vulnerable to insults to its development

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3
Q

Fetus

A

(9-40 wks)

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4
Q

Ultrasound

A

High-frequency sound waves to look at organs and structures inside the body

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5
Q

Age of Viability

A

Age at which a premature baby can survive outside of the uterus

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6
Q

Placenta

A

Transfers nutrients and oxygen from mother to fetus and filters harmful substances from reaching the embryo or fetus [3rd stage of labor]

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7
Q

Sensitive period/critical period

A

Time when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli

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8
Q

Teratogen

A

Agent, such as a chemical or virus, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

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9
Q

Temperament

A

Person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity; apparent from first weeks of life and generally persist into adulthood

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10
Q

Sensorimotor stage of development

A

0-2 years. Experiencing world through senses and action

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11
Q

Preoperational stage of development

A

2-6 years. Representing things with words and images. Intuitive reasoning.

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12
Q

Concrete operational stage of development

A

7-11 years. Thinking logically about concrete events. Grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations

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13
Q

Formal operational

A

12-adulthood. Abstract reasoning

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14
Q

Schemas

A

Conceptual models of how the world works

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15
Q

Assimilation

A

Transforming the environment so that it can be placed in pre-existing cognitive structures

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16
Q

Accomodation

A

Changing cognitive structures in order to accept something from the environment

17
Q

Piaget’s belief was..

A

Children’s cognitive abilities unfold naturally. (Minds develops through series of universal, irreversible stages from simple reflexes to adult abstract reasoning)

18
Q

Object permanence

A

Child’s ability to know that objects continue to exist even though they can no longer be seen or heard. Attained around 5-8 months

19
Q

Stranger anxiety

A

Stranger anxiety results when a child is unable to assimilate the stranger into an existing schema

20
Q

Egocentrism

A

State during preoperational during which the egocentric child assumes that other people see, hear, and feel exactly the same as the child does

21
Q

Theory of mind (ToM)

A

Ability to read mental state of others. Right temporal lobe

22
Q

Conservation

A

Concrete operational state - ability to determine that a certain quantity will remain the same despite adjustment of the container, shape, or apparent size

23
Q

Vygotsky believed..

A

Children’s minds grow through interaction with the physical environment

24
Q

Attachment

A

Deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space

25
Q

Imprinting

A

Forms an attachment to the first thing it sees upon hatching

26
Q

Types of attachment

A

Secure attachment (stable)
Insecure attachment (does not make up with caregiver)
Avoidant attachment (does not acknowledge caregiver)
Disorganized insecure attachment

27
Q

Authoritarian parenting

A

Low in warmth and communication, high in control and expectations / rigid and punitive

28
Q

Authoritative

A

High in all dimensions, set clear goals and encourage independence

29
Q

Permissive

A

High in warmth & nurturance, low in all others / relaxed and inconsistent direction