Psychological Disorders (Chapter 15)

Question 1

Mental Disorder

Answer 1

Disturbance in thinking, emotion, or behavior that causes a person to suffer, is self-destructive, impairs a person’s ability to work or get along with others

Question 2

Psychological Disorders

Answer 2

Disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior.

Question 3

Mental Illness

Answer 3

Serious functional impairment, which substantially interferes with or limits one or more major life activities

Question 4

Psychopathology

Answer 4

The scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders

Question 5

Medical Model

Answer 5

Like physical illnesses, psychological disorders have biological and environmental causes, defined symptoms

Question 6

Diathesis-Stress Model

Answer 6

Emphasizes how individual vulnerabilities interact with external stresses or circumstances to produce specific mental disorders

Question 7

Biopsychosocial Model

Answer 7

Considers biological, psychological, and social factors and their interactions to understand health, illness, and health care delivery

Question 8

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Answer 8

Shows up in childhood. Impact an individual’s language, emotions, behavior, self-control, learning and memory

Question 9

Neurodevelopmental Disorders include…

Answer 9

intellectual disability
autism spectrum disorder
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
specific learning disorder

Question 10

Autism

Answer 10

Behavioral diagnosis with pervasive social communication and social interaction challenges and presence of restricted repetitive behavior, interests, or activities

Question 11

ADHD

Answer 11

Persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity–impulsivity; interferes with functioning or development

Question 12

Anxiety disorders include…

Answer 12

Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder
Specific Phobia
Social Anxiety Disorder

Question 13

Anxiety disorders

Answer 13

Class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and fear in the absence of true danger.

Question 14

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 14

Chronic excessive worry; lowered self-confidence so that simple decisions seem fraught with dire consequences

Question 15

Panic disorder

Answer 15

Psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror (heart rate, chest pain, shortness of breath, tingling in hands and feet, and dizziness)

Question 16

Specific phobia

Answer 16

Exaggerated, unrealistic fear or an avoidance of a specific situation, activity, or object.

Question 17

Social anxiety

Answer 17

Excessively fear embarrassment or humiliation; of being negatively evaluated by others

Question 18

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Answer 18

Disorder characterized by repetitive intrusive thoughts [obsessions] and ritualistic behaviors [compulsions]

Question 19

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Answer 19

Characterized by chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma

Question 20

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 20

Characterized by severely depressed mood and/or inability to experience pleasure (persistent symptoms after two weeks

Question 21

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Answer 21

A chronic, low-grade, depressed or irritable mood

Question 22

Bipolar disorder

Answer 22

Changes in a person’s mood, energy, and ability to function. Intense emotional states over periods of days to weeks called mood episodes

Question 23

Manic episode

Answer 23

Last a week and include diminished need for sleep, grandiose ideas, impulsivity racing thoughts, extreme distractibility

Question 24

Dissociative Disorders

Answer 24

Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Question 25

Dissociative identity disorder (DID) (formerly multiple personality disorder)

Answer 25

Person exhibits two or more distinct alters – different identities; person’s identity corresponds most with their emotional state

Question 26

Dissociative Fugue

Answer 26

An individual unexpectedly takes physical leave of his or her surroundings and sets off on a journey of some kind.

Question 27

Somatic symptom disorder

Answer 27

Preoccupation and/or anxiety/worry related to having one or more physical symptoms, with or without a concurrent medical condition (symptoms are present)

Question 28

Illness anxiety disorder

Answer 28

Preoccupation with having a serious illness with mild to no physical symptoms or excessive concern in the presence of an illness

Question 29

Functional Neurological disorder / Conversion Disorder

Answer 29

Unexplained and potentially incompatible physical symptoms that mimic a medical condition unexplained by an actual medical condition

Question 30

Psychological Disorder

Answer 30

Disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulations, or behavior

Question 31

Schizophrenia

Answer 31

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized and incoherent speech, inappropriate behavior, cognitive impairment

Question 32

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 32

Pattern of irresponsible, antisocial behavior such as law breaking, violence, and other impulsive, reckless acts

Question 33

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 33

Instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion, as well as marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts