Neuroscience and Behavior

Question 1

Dendrite

Answer 1

Receive information from other neurons and relay it to the cell body

Question 2

Axon

Answer 2

Carries information to other neurons, muscles, or glands

Question 3

Myelin sheath

Answer 3

Insulating layer of fatty material around axon

Question 4

Conduction

Answer 4

Movement of electrical signal within neuron (from dendrites to cell body then through axon)

Question 5

Transmission

Answer 5

Movement of signal from one neuron to another

Question 6

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 6

Enables muscle action, learning, memory (AChon)

Question 7

Dopamine

Answer 7

Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion

Question 8

Serotonin

Answer 8

Affects mood, hunger, arousal

Question 9

Norephephrine

Answer 9

Helps control alertness and arousal

Question 10

GABA

Answer 10

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter

Question 11

Glutamate

Answer 11

Major excitatory neurotransmitter

Question 12

Neuron

Answer 12

Functional units of the nervous system that send and receive signals

Question 13

Glia

Answer 13

Support cells found in nervous system (glue) Maintain homeostasis and support, nourish, and protect neurons

Question 14

Sensory neuron

Answer 14

Receive information from external world, bring info to brain thru spinal cord

Question 15

Motor neuron

Answer 15

carry signals from the spinal cord to muscles to produce movement

Question 16

Interneuron

Answer 16

connect sensory neurons, motor neurons, or other interneurons

Question 17

Resting potential

Answer 17

The difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell’s membrane (-70mv)

Question 18

Active potential

Answer 18

Electric signal that is conducted along th length of a neuron’s axon to a synapse

Question 19

Refractory period

Answer 19

Time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be initiated

Question 20

Reuptake

Answer 20

Neurotransmitters are absorbed by the terminal buttons of presynaptic neurons or neighbouring glial cells

Question 21

Enzyme deactivation

Answer 21

Specific enzymes break down specific neurotransmitters

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

Neurotransmitters drift out of the synapse and cannot reach receptors

Question 23

Agonist

Answer 23

Chemical that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter (increases production & release of neurotransmitter, blocks reuptake)

Question 24

Antagonist

Answer 24

drugs that diminish the function of a neurotransmitter (blocks production or release)

Question 25

Hindbrain contains

Answer 25

Medulla, reticular formation, cerebellum, and pons

Question 26

Hindbrain does

Answer 26

coordinates info coming into and out of spinal cord, controls basic functions of life

Question 27

Medulla

Answer 27

Automatic functions: breathing & heart rate

Question 28

Reticular Formation

Answer 28

Involved with sleep-wake cycle

Question 29

Pons

Answer 29

Structure that relays info from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain (latin for bridge; think 'pont')

Question 30

Midbrain contains

Answer 30

Tectum, and tegmentum

Question 31

Midbrain does

Answer 31

Important for orientation and movement, arousal, mood, motivation

Question 32

Forebrain contains

Answer 32

Cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia

Question 33

Forebrain does

Answer 33

Controls complex cognitive, emotional, sensory, motor functions

Question 34

Cerebral cortex

Answer 34

Higher mental function

Question 35

Thalamus

Answer 35

Relays and filters info from senses and tramsmits to cerebral cortex. (except smell)

Question 36

Hypothalamus

Answer 36

Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, sexual behavior

Question 37

Hippocampus

Answer 37

Critical for creating new memories and integrating them into a network of knowledge so that they can be stored indefinitely in other parts of the cerebral cortex

Question 38

Amygdala

Answer 38

Located at the tip of each horn of the hippocampus, plays a central role in many emotional processes, particularly the formation of emotional memories

Question 39

Basal ganglia

Answer 39

Set of subcortical structures that directs intentional movements

Question 40

Cerebral hemispheres

Answer 40

Contralateral control, connected by corpus callosum, functionally symmetrical in some ways

Question 41

Structural brain scans

Answer 41

CT/CAT & MRI (show underlying brain structure)

Question 42

Functional brain scans

Answer 42

PET scan & fMRI (show brain activity while someone engages in cognitive or motor task)

Question 43

EEG

Answer 43

sleep analysis: diagnoses conditions such as seizures, epilepsy, head injuries, dizziness, headaches, brain problems

Question 44

Endocrine system

Answer 44

Network of glands that produce and secrete into the blood stream

Question 45

Hormones

Answer 45

Chemical messengers that influence basic functions such as metabolism. growth, sexual maturation

Question 46

Pituitary gland

Answer 46

“Master gland” of the body’s hormone producing system, which releases hormones that direct the functions of many other glands in the body

Question 47

Adrenal glands

Answer 47

Helps trigger fight or flight response

Question 48

Brain plasticity

Answer 48

Refers to brain's ability to modify, change, and adapt both structure and function throughout life and response to experience

Question 49

Spinal cord

Answer 49

Nerves that carry incoming and outgoing messages between brain and body (regulates breathing pain response, and movement)

Question 50

Cerebellum

Answer 50

Regulates movement and balance (fine motor skills)

Question 51

Occipital lobe

Answer 51

Visual info (visual cortex)

Question 52

Parietal lobe

Answer 52

Info about touch (sensory cortex)

Question 53

Somatosensory cortex

Answer 53

Represents the skin areas on contralateral surface of body

Question 54

Motor cortex

Answer 54

Controls voluntary movements, sending messages to basal ganglia, cerebellum, spinal cord. Parallel to somatosensory cortex

Question 55

Frontal lobe

Answer 55

Planning, judgment, memory, reasoning, abstract thinking, movement

Question 56

Broca's area

Answer 56

Speech production (left side only)

Question 57

Wernicke's area

Answer 57

Speech comprehension (left side only)

Question 58

Olfactory bulb

Answer 58

Sense of smell

Question 59

Temporal lobe

Answer 59

Hearing (auditory cortex), language