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Psychology > Consciousness > Flashcards

Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

Subjective experience of the world and the mind (awareness of sensations, thoughts, feelings we experience at a given moment)

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2
Q

Basic properties of consciousness

A

Intentionality (aim toward an object), unity (resistance to division), selectivity, transience

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3
Q

Selectivity

A

Capacity to include certain objects and exclude others (cocktail party phenomenon)

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4
Q

Cocktail-party effect

A

Tuning in one message while filtering out others nearby

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5
Q

Selective attention

A

Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

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6
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

Failure to see visible objects when attention is directed elsewhere

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7
Q

Change blindness

A

failure to notice change in environment

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8
Q

Transcience

A

Has tendency to change.

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9
Q

Phenomenology

A

How things seem to the conscious person

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10
Q

Problem of other minds

A

Fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others

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11
Q

People judge minds according to

A

Capacity for experience (hunger, pain, emotion) and capacity for agency (self control, planning, memory, thought)

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12
Q

Mind-body problem

A

The issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body

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13
Q

Minimal consciousness

A

Low-level sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior

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14
Q

Full consciousness

A

Level of consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state

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15
Q

Self-consciousness

A

Level of consciousness in which the person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object

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16
Q

Daydreaming

A

State of consciousness in which a seemingly purposeless flow of thoughts comes to mind

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17
Q

Default mode network (DMN)

A

Network of interacting brain regions active when a person is not focused on outside world

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18
Q

Mental control

A

Attempt to change conscious states of mind

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19
Q

Thought suppression

A

Conscious avoidance of thought (often backfires)

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20
Q

Cognitive unconscious

A

Mental processes that give rise to a person’s thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person

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21
Q

Dual process theories

A

Theories that suggest we have two different systems in our brains for processing information: systems 1 and 2

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22
Q

System 1

A

Dedicated to fast, automatic and unconscious processing (walking, 1+1)

23
Q

System 2

A

Dedicated to slow, effortful and conscious processing (245*32, placing orders)

24
Q

Dynamic unconsciousness

A

Active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces

25
Q

Repression

A

Mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconscious (yes, Freud said this)

26
Q

Biological rhythms

A

Periodic fluctuations in biological system, often with physiological implications (bird migration, menstrual cycle)

27
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Biological rhythm of about 24 hours.

28
Q

Sleep

A

Characterized by changes in brain wave activity, breathing, heart rate, body temperature, other physiological functions

29
Q

Blindsight awareness

A

Conditions in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it

30
Q

Eugene Aserinsky

A

First to observe rapid eye movements during sleep

31
Q

NREM-1

A

Brief (5-10 mins), hypnagogic (pre-sleep) sensations, hallucinations may occur

32
Q

NREM-2

A

20mins, large bursts of brain activity called sleep spindles

33
Q

NREM-3

A

30mins, big waves of brain activity called delta waves

34
Q

REM

A

High heart rate, rapid breathing, rapid eye movement (dreams), paradoxical sleep

35
Q

Paradoxical sleep

A

Muscles immobilized and brain is active

36
Q

Sleepwalking (somnambulism)

A

Sleep disorder that occurs in slow wave sleep

37
Q

Insomnia

A

Sleep disorder involving persistent problems in falling or staying asleep (ANS activity)

38
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Sleep disorder involving inability to breathe during sleep

39
Q

Night terrors

A

Sleep disorder during NREM-3 where one has intense autonomic arousal and feelings of panic

40
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Sleep disorder involving sudden, brief attacks of sleep (absence of orexin)

41
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

Chemical substances that alter perceptions, mood, and behavior

42
Q

Neuroadaptation

A

The user’s brain chemically adapts to offset drug effect (homeostasis is thrown off)

43
Q

Psychadelics

A

Scientific renaissance of mind-altering drugs

44
Q

Addiction

A

Compulsive behavior despite consequences

45
Q

Alcohol

A

Slows brain activity that controls judgment and inhibitions, disrupts memory information, teen binge drinking causes nerve cell death

46
Q

Opiates

A

Temporary lessen pain and anxiety, continued use terminates endorphins production

47
Q

Barbiturates

A

Depress CNS activity, reduce anxiety, prescribed for sleep, lethal with alcohol

48
Q

Stimulant

A

Excites neural activity and speeds up body functions

49
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

50
Q

Examples of stimulants

A

Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamine, cocaine, ecstasy

51
Q

Examples of depressant

A

Alcohol, heroin

52
Q

Examples of opiates

A

Heroin, morphine

53
Q

Examples of hallucinogens

A

LSD, marijuana

Psychology (16 decks)

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