Consciousness

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Subjective experience of the world and the mind (awareness of sensations, thoughts, feelings we experience at a given moment)

Question 2

Basic properties of consciousness

Answer 2

Intentionality (aim toward an object), unity (resistance to division), selectivity, transience

Question 3

Selectivity

Answer 3

Capacity to include certain objects and exclude others (cocktail party phenomenon)

Question 4

Cocktail-party effect

Answer 4

Tuning in one message while filtering out others nearby

Question 5

Selective attention

Answer 5

Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

Question 6

Inattentional blindness

Answer 6

Failure to see visible objects when attention is directed elsewhere

Question 7

Change blindness

Answer 7

failure to notice change in environment

Question 8

Transcience

Answer 8

Has tendency to change.

Question 9

Phenomenology

Answer 9

How things seem to the conscious person

Question 10

Problem of other minds

Answer 10

Fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others

Question 11

People judge minds according to

Answer 11

Capacity for experience (hunger, pain, emotion) and capacity for agency (self control, planning, memory, thought)

Question 12

Mind-body problem

Answer 12

The issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body

Question 13

Minimal consciousness

Answer 13

Low-level sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior

Question 14

Full consciousness

Answer 14

Level of consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state

Question 15

Self-consciousness

Answer 15

Level of consciousness in which the person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object

Question 16

Daydreaming

Answer 16

State of consciousness in which a seemingly purposeless flow of thoughts comes to mind

Question 17

Default mode network (DMN)

Answer 17

Network of interacting brain regions active when a person is not focused on outside world

Question 18

Mental control

Answer 18

Attempt to change conscious states of mind

Question 19

Thought suppression

Answer 19

Conscious avoidance of thought (often backfires)

Question 20

Cognitive unconscious

Answer 20

Mental processes that give rise to a person’s thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person

Question 21

Dual process theories

Answer 21

Theories that suggest we have two different systems in our brains for processing information: systems 1 and 2

Question 22

System 1

Answer 22

Dedicated to fast, automatic and unconscious processing (walking, 1+1)

Question 23

System 2

Answer 23

Dedicated to slow, effortful and conscious processing (245*32, placing orders)

Question 24

Dynamic unconsciousness

Answer 24

Active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person’s deepest instincts and desires, and the person’s inner struggle to control these forces

Question 25

Repression

Answer 25

Mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconscious (yes, Freud said this)

Question 26

Biological rhythms

Answer 26

Periodic fluctuations in biological system, often with physiological implications (bird migration, menstrual cycle)

Question 27

Circadian rhythm

Answer 27

Biological rhythm of about 24 hours.

Question 28

Sleep

Answer 28

Characterized by changes in brain wave activity, breathing, heart rate, body temperature, other physiological functions

Question 29

Blindsight awareness

Answer 29

Conditions in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it

Question 30

Eugene Aserinsky

Answer 30

First to observe rapid eye movements during sleep

Question 31

NREM-1

Answer 31

Brief (5-10 mins), hypnagogic (pre-sleep) sensations, hallucinations may occur

Question 32

NREM-2

Answer 32

20mins, large bursts of brain activity called sleep spindles

Question 33

NREM-3

Answer 33

30mins, big waves of brain activity called delta waves

Question 34

REM

Answer 34

High heart rate, rapid breathing, rapid eye movement (dreams), paradoxical sleep

Question 35

Paradoxical sleep

Answer 35

Muscles immobilized and brain is active

Question 36

Sleepwalking (somnambulism)

Answer 36

Sleep disorder that occurs in slow wave sleep

Question 37

Insomnia

Answer 37

Sleep disorder involving persistent problems in falling or staying asleep (ANS activity)

Question 38

Sleep apnea

Answer 38

Sleep disorder involving inability to breathe during sleep

Question 39

Night terrors

Answer 39

Sleep disorder during NREM-3 where one has intense autonomic arousal and feelings of panic

Question 40

Narcolepsy

Answer 40

Sleep disorder involving sudden, brief attacks of sleep (absence of orexin)

Question 41

Psychoactive drugs

Answer 41

Chemical substances that alter perceptions, mood, and behavior

Question 42

Neuroadaptation

Answer 42

The user's brain chemically adapts to offset drug effect (homeostasis is thrown off)

Question 43

Psychadelics

Answer 43

Scientific renaissance of mind-altering drugs

Question 44

Addiction

Answer 44

Compulsive behavior despite consequences

Question 45

Alcohol

Answer 45

Slows brain activity that controls judgment and inhibitions, disrupts memory information, teen binge drinking causes nerve cell death

Question 46

Opiates

Answer 46

Temporary lessen pain and anxiety, continued use terminates endorphins production

Question 47

Barbiturates

Answer 47

Depress CNS activity, reduce anxiety, prescribed for sleep, lethal with alcohol

Question 48

Stimulant

Answer 48

Excites neural activity and speeds up body functions

Question 49

Hallucinogens

Answer 49

Distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

Question 50

Examples of stimulants

Answer 50

Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamine, cocaine, ecstasy

Question 51

Examples of depressant

Answer 51

Alcohol, heroin

Question 52

Examples of opiates

Answer 52

Heroin, morphine

Question 53

Examples of hallucinogens

Answer 53

LSD, marijuana