RESPIRATORY - upper respiratory drugs Flashcards
EXAM 2 content: upper respiratory disorders are based in the UR tract. result from INFLAMMATION
what are anti-histamines?
histamine receptor antagonists
- decreases allergic symptoms
- doesn’t work if infection based
- works for environmental allergies
what is the exemplary drug for first generation anti-histamines
diphenhydramine
how is diphenhydramine administered?
PO
is diphenhydramine administered OTC?
yes
what is the pharmacological action of diphenhydramine?
blocks h1 receptor –> histamine can not act on receptor –> stops vasodilation & bronchoconstriction –> relieves itching, sneezing & congestion
what is the major adverse reactions of diphenhydramine?
biggest: sedation! bc it can cross BBB –> hypotension
- tinnitus
- dry mouth
- dizziness
- anticholinergic effects
what are the nursing interventions for diphenhydramine?
- do not let them drive
- combat anticholinergic effects
what should we educate about diphenhydramine?
- causes sedation
- should not be used with other depressants
what are some contraindications with diphenhydramine (why should a pt not take this drug)?
- hypersensitivity
- closed angle glaucoma
what are some interactions with diphenhydramine (what things can cause more problems with this drug)?
- alcohol
- cns depressants
what is the exemplary drug for second gen anti-histamines?
cetirizine
how is cetirizine administered?
PO
is cetirizine OTC?
yes
what is the pharmacological action of cetirizine?
blocks h1 receptor –> histamine can not act on receptor –> stops vasodilation & bronchoconstriction –> relieves itching, sneezing & congestion
what are the major side effects of cetirizine?
- low drowsiness: does not cross BBB –> no sedation
- anticholinergic effects
what are the nursing interventions for cetirizine?
- combar anticholinergic effects
what should we educate about cetirizine?
- take it consistently & at the same time every day
- stay hydrated
what are some contraindications of cetirizine?
hypersensitivity
what are some interactions for cetirizine?
- sedatives
- theophylline
what are antitussives?
- cough suppressants
usually we do not given it unless: - interferes with life
- severe non-prod cough
what is the exemplary drug for antitussives?
- codeine (opioid)
- dextromethorphan (non-opioid)
how is codeine & dextromethorphan administered?
PO