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Anatomy > lower limb muscles 1 > Flashcards

lower limb muscles 1 Flashcards

Describe the names and locations of the muscles that move the: Hip + Knee, Describe the origins (O), insertions (I), actions (A), and innervations (I) of these muscles.

1
Q

what are all lower limb muscles innervated by?

A

peripheral nerves that are branches of the lumbar and sacral plexuses.

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2
Q

what are the two categories of the gluteal region?

A

superficial and deep

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3
Q

what do the superficial gluteal muscles consists of?

A

4 larger muscles
Origin = ilium
Mixture of actions

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4
Q

what do the Deep gluteal muscles consist of?

A

6 smaller muscles
Origin = ischium & pubis
Laterally rotate the hip

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5
Q

where do most gluteal muscles insert?

A

the greater trochanter (femur)

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6
Q

origin and insertion of gluteus maximus

A

O: Posterior surface of the sacrum and ilium posterior to the posterior gluteal line

I: Gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract

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7
Q

actions of the gluteus maximus

A

extends hip

laterally rotates hip

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8
Q

origin and insertion of the gluteus medius

A

O: Between the posterior and anterior gluteal lines

I: Lateral surface of the greater trochanter

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9
Q

actions of the gluteus medius

A

abducts hip

medially rotates hip

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10
Q

Gluteus maximus nerve innervation

A

inferior gluteal nerve

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11
Q

gluteus Medius nerve innervation

A

superior gluteal nerve

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12
Q

gluteus minimus origin and insertion:

A

O: Between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines

I: Lateral surface of the greater trochanter

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13
Q

actions of the gluteus minimus

A

Abducts and medially rotates the hip

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14
Q

nerve innervation of the gluteus maximus

A

superior gluteal nerve

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15
Q

origin and insertion of the tensor fasciae latae

A

O: Anterior portion of the iliac crest

I: Iliotibial tract

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16
Q

actions of the tensor fasciae latea

A

Flexes hip
Abducts hip
Medially rotates hip

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17
Q

nerve innervation of the tensor fasciae latae

A

superior gluteal nerve

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18
Q

what is the Iliotibial tract (band)

A

Thickened portion of the deep fascia of the thigh

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19
Q

where does the iliotibial tract insert?

A

onto a tubercle on the anterior surface of the lateral condyle of the tibia

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20
Q

What structures have distal attachments to the iliotibial tract or band?

A

Both the gluteus maximus and tensor fascia latae.

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21
Q

origin and insertion of the piriformis

A

O: Anterior sacrum

I: Superior surface of the greater trochanter

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22
Q

Actions of the piriformis

A

laterally rotates the hip

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23
Q

nerve innervation of the pirifomis

A

I: S1-S2 spinal nerves

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24
Q

origin and insertion of the obturator internus

A

O: Deep (inner) surface of the ischial and pubic rami and obturator membrane

I: Medial surface of the greater trochanter

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25
Q

origin and insertion of the obturator externus

A

O: Superficial (outer) surface of the ischial and pubic rami and obturator membrane

I: Medial surface of the greater trochanter

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26
Q

action of the obturator internus

A

laterally rotates the hip

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27
Q

nerve innervation of the obturator externus

A

obturator nerve

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28
Q

origin and insertion of the superior gemellus

A

O: Ischial spine

I: Medial surface of the greater trochanter

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29
Q

nerve innervation of the superior gemellus

A

nerve to obturator internus

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30
Q

actions of the superior gemellus

A

laterally rotates the hip

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31
Q

origin and insertion of the quadratus femoris

A

O: Ischial tuberosity

I: Intertrochanteric crest

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32
Q

nerve innervation of the quadratus femoris

A

nerve to quadratus femoris

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33
Q

actions of the quadratus femoris?

A

laterally rotates the hip

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34
Q

origin and insertion of the inferior gemellus

A

O: Ischial tuberosity

I: Medial surface of the greater trochanter

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35
Q

actions of the inferior gemellus

A

laterally rotates the hip

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36
Q

nerve innervation of the inferior gemellus

A

nerve to quadratus femoris

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37
Q

what are the 3 compartments of the thigh separated by fascia?

A

anterior, posterior, medial

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38
Q

what or the origins, actions, and innervations of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

O: ilium and femur
A: Hip flexion and/or Knee extension
I: femoral nerve

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39
Q

what are the origins, actions and innervations of th posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
A: Hip extension Knee flexion
I: Sciatic nerve

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40
Q

what are the origins, actions and innervations of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

O: Pubis
A: Hip abduction, hip flexion
I: Obturator nerve

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41
Q

Origin and insertion of the iliopsoas (psoas major and iliacus)

A

O:
Psoas major: Bodies and TVPs of the lumbar vertebrae
Iliacus: Iliac fossa

I: Lesser trochanter

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42
Q

actions of the Iliopsoas

A

flexes hip, laterally rotates the hip

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43
Q

nerve innervation of the iliopsoas

A

femoral nerve &L2-L3 spinal nerves

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44
Q

What are the components of the iliopsoas muscle and where do they attach?

A

The iliopsoas muscle is composed of an iliacus portion that attaches to the iliac fossa of the hipbone and a psoas major portion which attaches to the lumbar vertebrae. Both portions have a common distal attachment on the lesser trochanter of the femur.

45
Q

Origin and insertion of the sartorius

A

O: ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
I: pes anserinus of the tibia

46
Q

where does the sartorius cross?

A

the knee and the hip joint

47
Q

nerve innervations of the sartorius

A

femoral nerve

48
Q

actions of the sartorius

A

A:
Flexes hip
Abducts hip
Laterally rotates hip
Flexes knee

49
Q

what is the pes anserinus?

A

a group of tendons from three muscles (sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus) that come together and attach to the tibia just below the knee joint.

50
Q

origin and insertion of the rectus femoris

A

O: AIIS (Anterior inferior iliac spine and tibial tuberosity)
I: Tibial tuberosity

51
Q

actions of the rectus femoris

A

flexes hip
extends knee

52
Q

nerve innervation of the rectus femoris

A

femoral nerve

53
Q

where does the rectus femoris cross?

A

the hip and knee joints

54
Q

origin and insertion of the vastus lateralis

A

O: Lateral edge of the Linea aspera
I: Tibial tuberosity

55
Q

actions of the vastus lateralis

A

extends knee

56
Q

nerve innervation of the vastus lateralis

A

femoral nerve

57
Q

how does the vastus lateralis attach to the tibial tuberosity?

A

curls around the lateral thigh before attach attaching distally to the tibial tuberosity

58
Q

origin and insertion of the vastus medialis

A

O: Medial edge of the Linea aspera
I: Tibial tuberosity

59
Q

action of the vastus medialis

A

extends the knee

60
Q

nerve innervations of the vastus medialis

A

femoral nerve

61
Q

origin and insertion of the vastus intermedius

A

O: Anterior surface of the body of the femur (deep to the rectus femoris)
I: Tibial tuberosity

62
Q

action of the vastus intermedius

A

extends knee

63
Q

nerve innervation of the vastus intermedius

A

femoral nerve

64
Q

components of the quadriceps femoris and action:

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

all four muscles extend the knee

65
Q

where do all four of the quadriceps femoris muscles attach?

A

attach to the tibial tuberosity via the patella ligament (tendon)

66
Q

which muscle of the quadriceps femoris flexes the hip?

A

rectus femoris

67
Q

what doe “Quadriceps Femoris” refer to?

A

four headed muscle in the thigh

68
Q

How does the patella relate to the tendon below it?

A

The patella forms within the tendon (patellar tendon) as a sesamoid bone, and the portion of the tendon below the patella is referred to as the patellar ligament or patellar tendon.

69
Q

What is a sesamoid bone?

A

A sesamoid bone is a small, round bone that is embedded within a tendon or a muscle, typically where it passes over a joint.

70
Q

origin and insertion of the Biceps Femoris

A

O:
Long head: Ischial tuberosity
Short head: Linea aspera

I: Posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the tibia and head of the fibula

71
Q

actions of the biceps femoris

A

extends hip
flexes knee

Long head crosses the hip joint which causes extension of the hip

Both heads cross the knee joint which causes flexion of the knee.

72
Q

nerve innervations of the biceps femoris

A

sciatic nerve

73
Q

What are the three muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh, commonly referred to as the hamstring muscles?

A

The three muscles commonly referred to as the hamstring muscles are the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.

74
Q

origin and insertion of the semimembranosus:

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Posterior surface of the medial condyle of the tibia

75
Q

actions of the semimembranosus

A

A:
Extends hip
Flexes knee

76
Q

nerve innervation of the semimembranosus

A

I: Sciatic nerve

77
Q

where is the semimembranosus located?

A

the medial side of the posterior compartment

78
Q

origin and insertion of the semitendinosus

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Pes anserinus

79
Q

actions of the semitendinosus

A

A:
Extends hip
Flexes knee

80
Q

nerve innervation of the semitendinosus

A

Sciatic nerve

81
Q

what is superficial to the semimembranosus?

A

semitendinosus

82
Q

origin and insertion of the pectineus

A

O: Superior ramus of the pubis
I: Posterior surface of the femur distal to the lesser trochanter

83
Q

actions of the pectineus

A

A:
Adducts hip
Flexes hip

84
Q

nerve innervation of the pectineus

A

I: Femoral nerve

85
Q

What muscle is found in the medial compartment of the thigh and is innervated by the femoral nerve?

A

The pectineus muscle.

86
Q

Origin and insertion of the adductor longus

A

O: Superior ramus of the pubis
I: Distal portion of the linea aspera

87
Q

actions of the adductor longus

A

A:
Adducts hip
Flexes hip

88
Q

nerve innervation of the adductor longus

A

obturator nerve

89
Q

origin and insertion of the adductor brevis

A

O: Inferior ramus of the pubis
I: Proximal portion of the Linea aspera

90
Q

actions of the adductor brevis

A

A:
Adducts hip
Flexes hip

91
Q

nerve innervation of the adductor brevis

A

I: Obturator nerve

92
Q

origin and insertion of the adductor magnus

A

O:
Adductor: Inferior ramus of the pubis
Hamstring: Ischial tuberosity

I:
Adductor: Linea aspera
Hamstring: Adductor tubercle

93
Q

actions of the adductor magnus

A

A:
Both: Adducts hip
Adductor: Flexes hip
Hamstring: Extends hip

94
Q

nerve innervations of the adductor magnus

A

Adductor: Obturator nerve
Hamstring: Sciatic nerve

95
Q

what are the two functional portions of the adductor magnus?

A

Adductor portion: has attachments, actions, and innervations like the medial compartment or abductor muscles.

Hamstring portion: has attachments, actions, and innervations like the posterior compartment or hamstring muscles.

96
Q

origin and insertion of the gracilis

A

O: Inferior ramus of the pubis
I: Pes anserinus

97
Q

actions of the gracilis

A

A:
Adducts hip
Flexes hip
Medially rotates hip (due to its medial orientation)
Flexes knee

98
Q

nerve innervation of the gracilis

A

I: obturator nerve

99
Q

what is the only medial compartment muscle to cross the knee joint causing flexion of the knee.

A

the gracilis

100
Q

muscles that attach to the pes anserinus:

A

Sartorius, Gracilis, semiTendinosus

Remember: “Say Grace before Tea”

101
Q

why is it important to know the muscles which attach to the pes anserinus?

A

there is a bursa which lies deep to these tendons that can become irritated and inflamed with repetitive knee movement and is the cause of non-traumatic medial knee pain.

102
Q

what is a bursa?

A

A bursa is a small, fluid-filled sac located between bones, tendons, muscles, and skin that helps reduce friction and cushion the movement of these structures.

103
Q

where do the muscles of the Ant. compartment (thigh) typically originate?

A

Ilium & Femur

104
Q

where do the muscles of the Post. compartment typically originate?

A

ischium

105
Q

where do the muscles of the med. compartment typically originate?

A

pubis

106
Q

where do the superficial gluteal muscles originate?

A

ilium

107
Q

where do the deep gluteal muscles originate?

A

Ischium & Pubis

108
Q

which muscles typically attach to the greater trochanter?

A

gluteal muscles

109
Q

which muscles typically attach to the ischial tuberosity?

A

“hamstring” muscles

Anatomy (34 decks)

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