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Anatomy > upper limb skeleton > Flashcards

upper limb skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of each pectoral girdle?

A

Clavicle and scapula

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2
Q

How do the bones of the upper limbs connect to the axial skeleton?

A

Through the sternoclavicular joint

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3
Q

How is stabilization primarily achieved in the pectoral girdle?

A

Through muscles connecting it to the vertebral column and ribs

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4
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

joint between clavicle and sternum

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5
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

acromion process articulates w/ clavicle

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6
Q

Sternal end articulates with the ___, and acromial end articulates with the ____ - ____ of the scapula.

A

Sternal end articulates with the sternum, and acromial end articulates with the acromion process of the scapula.

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7
Q

What are the points at the superior and inferior ends of the scapula called?

A

Superior angle and inferior angle

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8
Q

What shape do the superior and inferior angles of the scapula form?

A

A triangle, with the medial border forming the third side.

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9
Q

What is the depression located on the lateral point of the scapula called?

A

Glenoid Cavity

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10
Q

What bone articulates with the Glenoid Cavity?

A

The head of the humerus

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11
Q

What are the small projections located at the superior and inferior ends of the Glenoid Cavity called?

A

Supraglenoid tubercle and infraglenoid tubercle

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12
Q

What structure extends anteriorly from the scapula?

A

Coracoid process

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13
Q

What structure extends laterally from the scapula and articulates with the clavicle?

A

Acromion process

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14
Q

What divides the posterior surface of the scapula into two parts?

A

The spine

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15
Q

What determines the names of most joints in the body?

A

The bones or landmarks on either side of the joint

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16
Q

What bones form the sternoclavicular joint?

A

The sternal end of the clavicle and the clavicular notch of the sternum

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17
Q

What joint is formed by the articulation between the acromial end of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula?

A

Acromioclavicular joint

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18
Q

What is the only direct articulation between the axial skeleton and the pectoral girdle and upper limb?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

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19
Q

What injury is described as an injury to the ligaments that support the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Shoulder separation

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20
Q

What are the components of the upper limb?

A

Arm, forearm, wrist, hand

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21
Q

How many bones are there in each upper limb?

A

30 bones

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22
Q

How many bones comprise the arm?

A

1 bone, the humerus

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23
Q

How many bones comprise the forearm?

A

2 bones, the ulna and radius

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24
Q

How many bones comprise the wrist?

A

8 bones, the carpals

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25
Q

How many bones comprise the hand?

A

19 bones, including metacarpals and phalanges

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26
Q

What structure on the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula?

A

Head

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27
Q

What injury is described as the head of the humerus lying outside the glenoid cavity?

A

Shoulder dislocation

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28
Q

What is located laterally to the head of the humerus?

A

Anatomical neck

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29
Q

What is the term for the shaft of the humerus?

A

Surgical neck

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30
Q

Why is the surgical neck of the humerus so named?

A

Because it is a common site for fractures of the humerus.

31
Q

What are the two projections located between the anatomical and surgical necks of the humerus?

A

Greater tubercle and lesser tubercle

32
Q

What is the depression located between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus called?

A

Intertubercular sulcus or groove

33
Q

Which muscle in the anterior arm contains long and short heads, with the proximal tendon of the long head running through the intertubercular groove?

A

Biceps brachii

34
Q

What is the function of the deltoid tuberosity on the humerus?

A

It serves as an attachment site for the deltoid muscle.

35
Q

What are the two landmarks at the distal end of the humerus that articulate with the ulna and radius?

A

Trochlea (ulna) and capitulum (radius)

36
Q

Which condyle of the humerus articulates with the ulna?

A

Trochlea

37
Q

What is the proper name for the lateral condyle of the humerus, which articulates with the radius?

A

Capitulum

38
Q

Olecranon fossa

A

A depression where the olecranon process of the ulna sits when elbow is fully extended.

39
Q

In anatomical position, how are the two forearm bones oriented relative to each other?

A

Parallel

40
Q

Which bone is located on the medial side of the forearm?

A

Ulna

41
Q

What is the name of the large depression located at the proximal end of the ulna, which articulates with the trochlea of the humerus?

A

Trochlear notch

42
Q

what shapes the bony bump on the back of the elbow?

A

the olecranon process.

43
Q

Where is the radial notch located on the ulna?

A

On the lateral side of the coronoid process

44
Q

What articulates with the radial notch of the ulna?

A

The head of the radius

45
Q

Where is the head of the ulna located?

A

At the distal end of the ulna

46
Q

What projection is found at the distal end of the ulna?

A

Styloid process

47
Q

Where is the head of the radius located in relation to the elbow joint?

A

Proximal, closer to the elbow joint.

48
Q

Which of the two forearm bones is located laterally in the anatomical position?

A

Radius

49
Q

What is located at the proximal end of the radius and articulates with the capitulum of the humerus?

A

Head of the radius

50
Q

What joint is formed by the articulation between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus?

A

Radial humeral joint

51
Q

What joint is formed by the articulation between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna?

A

Proximal radioulnar joint

52
Q

What structure on the radius articulates with the head of the ulna to form the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Ulnar notch

53
Q

Where is the styloid process located on both the ulna and radius?

A

At the wrist.

54
Q

Where is the head of the radius located?

A

At the elbow.

55
Q

Where is the head of the ulna located?

A

At the wrist.

56
Q

What are the two joints formed by the articulation of the forearm bones with the humerus?

A

Radiohumeral joint and ulnohumeral joint

57
Q

What do the radiohumeral and ulnohumeral joints collectively form?

A

The elbow joint.

58
Q

What fibrous tissue connects the two forearm bones along their length?

A

Interosseous membrane.

59
Q

How are the wrist bones arranged?

A

Into 2 rows: proximal row and distal row, each containing 4 bones.

60
Q

What are the joints between the carpal bones called?

A

Intercarpal joints.

61
Q

What bones articulate with the distal radius and distal ulna to form the wrist joint?

A

The bones in the proximal row of carpal bones.

62
Q

list the 8 carpal bones

A

scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

63
Q

What is the name of the anterior depression formed by the carpal bones?

A

Carpal tunnel.

64
Q

What is the function of the carpal tunnel?

A

It serves as a passageway for tendons, blood vessels, and nerves that pass between the forearm and hand.

65
Q

How many bones are there in the hand?

A

19 bones

66
Q

How many metacarpal bones are there in the hand?

A

5 metacarpals.

67
Q

How many phalanges (digits) are there in the hand?

A

14 phalanges.

68
Q

How are the metacarpals and digits (fingers) numbered?

A

They are numbered I-V (1-5) from lateral to medial.

69
Q

What joints connect the carpals to the metacarpals?

A

Carpometacarpal joints.

70
Q

What joints connect the metacarpals to the proximal phalanges?

A

Metacarpophalangeal joints.

71
Q

What joints connect the phalanges to each other?

A

Interphalangeal joints.

72
Q

How can the interphalangeal joints be subdivided?

A

Proximal interphalangeal joints (proximal to middle phalanges) and distal interphalangeal joints (middle to distal phalanges).

73
Q
A

Anatomy (34 decks)

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