Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Consistency

A

the stability of a person’s behavior over time and across situations

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2
Q

Distinctiveness

A

the behavioral differences among people reacting to the same situation

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3
Q

Psychodynamic theories

A

Assumption that behavior is dynamic interaction between conscious and unconscious mind

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4
Q

Humanistic approach

A

Focus on inner capacities for growth and self-fulfillment

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5
Q

Trait theories

A

Examine characteristic patterns of behavior

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6
Q

Social-cognitive theories

A

Explore interaction between traits and social context

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7
Q

MMPI-2-RF

A

Well-researched clinical questionnaire used to assess personality and psychological problems

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8
Q

The Barnum Effect/Forer Effect

A

A cognitive bias that occurs when individuals believe that generic personality descriptions and statements apply to themselves

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9
Q

Projective tests

A

assessments made up of ambiguous stimuli that can be perceived and responded to in many different ways

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10
Q

Traits

A

habitual ways of behaving, thinking, and feeling.

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11
Q

Id

A

[present at birth] Operates on pleasure principle; unconsciously strives to satisfy basic drives to survive, reproduce, and aggress

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12
Q

Ego

A

Operates on reality principle; seeks to realistically gratify id’s impulses to bring long-term pleasure; contains perceptions, thoughts, judgments and memories [moderator/referee]

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13
Q

Superego

A

[last system of personality to develop] Focuses on ideal behavior; strives for perfections; acts as moral conscience

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14
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Psychological strategies that are unconsciously used to protect a person from anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts or feelings.

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15
Q

Repression

A

Removing painful experiences and unacceptable impulses from the conscious mind

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16
Q

Rationalization

A

[Blame]
Supplying a reasonable sounding explanation for unacceptable feelings and behavior to conceal (mostly from oneself) one’s underlying motives or feelings

17
Q

Reaction formation

A

Unconsciously replacing threatening inner wishes and fantasies with an exaggerated version of their opposite

18
Q

Projection

A

Attributing one’s threatening feelings, motives, or impulses to another person or group

19
Q

Regression

A

Reverting to immature behavior or or earlier stage of development, to deal with an internal conflict or perceived threat

20
Q

Displacement

A

Shifting unacceptable wishes or drives to a neutral or less threatening alternative

21
Q

Identification

A

Dealing with feelings of stress and anxiety by unconsciously taking on the characteristics of another person who seems more powerful or better able to cope

22
Q

Sublimation

A

Channeling unacceptable sexual or aggressive drives into socially acceptable and culturally enhancing activities

23
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

Psychological approach that emphasizes personal growth, resilience, and the achievement of human potential.

24
Q

Individual Psychology

A

Alfred Adler: All human behavior is goal oriented and motivated by striving for superiority

25
Q

Collective unconscious

A

A storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from a person’s ancestral past