Clinical Microscopy Flashcards
Yellow quadrant in NFPA
Reactivity / stability hazard
White quadrant in NFPA
Specific hazard
Blue quadrant in NFPA
Health hazard
Red quadrant in NFPA
Flammability hazard
Yellow quadrant classification
*SUVSM
0 - Stable
1 - Unstable
2 - Violent
3 - Shock
4 - May detonate
OXY
Oxidizer
COR
Corrosive
Blue quadrant classification
*NSHED
0 - Normal
1 - Slight hazard
2 - Hazardous
3 - Extreme danger
4 - Deadly
Red quadrant flash point
*WABBB
0 - Will not burn
1 - Above 200F
2 - Below 200F
3 - Below 100F
4 - Below 73F
Degree of hazards (hazard index)
*No SMS Ex
0 - No / minimal hazard
1 - Slight hazard
2 - Moderate hazard
3 - Serious hazard
4 - Extreme / severe hazard
Type of extinguisher for ordinary combustibles
Water
Ordinary combustibles such as paper, cloth, plastics, and wood are what type of fire hazard
Type A
Flammable liquids such as gasoline, paints, and oils are what type of fire hazard
Type B
Electrical equipment belongs to what type of fire hazard
Type C
Best extinguisher for Type C fires
Halon
Best extinguisher for Type D fire
Sand
Detonation / arsenal fire belongs to what type of fire hazard
Type E
RACE
Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish / Evacuate
PASS
Pull the pin
Aim at the base of the fire
Squeeze the nozzle
Sweep side to side
Placing bleach solution directly on urine spills may produce
Chlorine gas fumes
Most important part of handwashing
Friction
Wash fingers for at least
15 to 20 seconds
Wash hands in _____ position
Downward
Last step in handwashing
Turn off faucets
Variables in Cockgroft and Gault formula
Age, Body weight (kg) and Sex
Variables on MDRD Formula
BUN, Ethnicity, Serum Albumin
When do changes in physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics of urine begin to occur
As soon as urine is voided
In Stamey-Mears test, what is placed in VB2
Midstream urine
Step by step documentation of handling and testing of legal specimen
Chain of custody
Urine volume required for drug testing
30 - 45 mL
In drug testing, urine temperature range of 32.5 - 37.7 must be maintained within
4 minutes
Added to toilet water reservoir to prevent specimen adulteration
Blueing agent
If urine temperature for drug testing is out of range what to do
Record and contact the supervisor immediately
Carotene causes what urine color
Dark yellow to amber
Phenazopyridine causes what urine color
Orange
Phenol and indican causes what urine color
Blue-green
Pink, red urine is caused by
RBCs (cloudy red); Hemoglobin (clear red)
Fuchsin and Rifampin causes what urine color
Pink, red
Porphyrins. What urine color
Portwine / burgundy / purplish-red
Brown / black urine is due to
Methemoglobin, homogentisic acid, melanin
Increase WBCs lead to what urine color
Milky white
No visible particulates, transparent
Clear
Few particulates, print EASILY seen through the urine
Hazy
Many particulates, print BLURRED through the urine
Cloudy
Print CANNOT be seen through the urine
Turbid
May precipitate or be clotted
Milky
Seen in acidic urine
Amorphous urates, radiographic contrast media
Seen in alkaline urine
Amorphous urates, carbonates
Soluble with heat
Amorphous urates, uric acid crystals
SOLUBLE in dilute acetic acid
RBC, amorphous phosphates, carbonates
INSOLUBLE in dilute acetic acid
WBCs, bacteria, yeast, spermatozoa
Soluble in ether
Lipids, lymphatic fluid, chyle
Milky urine from a 24-year old woman would most likely contain
WBCs
Cloudy urine following meals is most likely caused by
Amorphous phosphates (alkaline tide)
Urine component normally found in children
Fuschin
Reagent strip principle of Bilirubin
Diazo reaction
Reagent strip principle of ketones
Sodium nitroprusside reaction (Legal’s test)
Reagent strip principle of glucose
Double sequential enzyme reaction
Reagent strip principle of specific gravity
pKa change of polyelectrolyte
Reagent strip principle of Proteins
Protein (Sorensen’s) error of indicators
Reagent strip principle of pH
Double indicator system
Reagent strip principle of blood
Pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin
Reagent strip principle of Urobilinogen
Ehrlich reaction
Reagent strip principle of Nitrite
Greiss reaction
Reagent strip principle of Leukocytes
Leukocyte esterase
2,4-dichloroaniline diazonium salt is a multistix reagent used for
Bilirubin
Tetrabromphenol, citrate buffer at 3.0 is a multistix and chemstrip reagent used for
Protein
4-methoxybenzene-diazonium-tetrafkuoroborate is a chemstrip reagent used for
Urobilinogen
P-arsanilic acid, tetrahydrobenzo(H)-quinolin-3-ol is a multistix reagent used for
Nitrite
Indoxylcarbonic acid ester, diazonium salt is a multistix reagent used for
Leukocytes
Positive color of bilirubin reagent strip
Pink to violet
Negative color of protein reagent strip
Yellow
Uniform green/blue color of blood reagent strip indicates
Hemoglobin/myoglobin
Positive color of nitire reagent strip
Uniform pink
Positive color of leukocyte reagent strip
Purple
Positive color of ketones reagent strip
Purple
Sensitivity of protein chemstrip
5 mg/dL
Sensitivity of glucose multistix
100 mg/dL
Sensitivity of bilirubin multistix
0.4 to 0.8 mg/dL
Sensitivity of specific gravity multistix and chemstrip
1.000 to 1.030
High SG causes (false-positive/false-negative) results on protein
False-positive
Oxidizing agents and detergent causes (false-positive/false-negative) results on glucose
False-positive
Low temperature causes (false-positive/false-negative) results on glucose
False-negative
P-aminosalicylic acid causes (false-positive/false-negative) results on urobilinogen
False-positive
Formalin causes (false-positive/false-negative) results on urobilinogen
False-negative
Improperly preserved specimen causes (false-positive/false-negative) results on nitrite
False-positive