4.6 + 4.7 Biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variety of living organisms within a habitat

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2
Q

How can biodiversity be measured?

A

In terms of species diversity, ecosystem diversity and genetic diversity

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3
Q

What is species diversity?

A

Number of species in a community

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4
Q

What is ecosystem diversity?

A

Range of different habitats

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5
Q

Define community.

A

All the different species that live in one area and interact with each other

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6
Q

How is the index of diversity calculated?

A

d = N(N-1)/∑n(n-1)

∑ = sum of
N = total number of organisms of all species
n = total number of organisms of each species

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7
Q

What impact does farming have on species diversity? Why?

A

Decreases species richness
Farmland is typically used for only 1 species (monoculture)
Use of pesticides/herbicides

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8
Q

What impact does farming have on genetic diversity? Why?

A

Decreases species richness
Farmers select for certain characteristics, which reduces the number of different alleles in the population

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9
Q

How can biodiversity be increased in areas of agriculture?

A
  1. Use hedgerows instead of fences
  2. Grow different crops in the same area or rotate crops around after a season
  3. Limit use of pesticides and herbicides
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10
Q

Name 4 ways of comparing genetic diversity between organisms.

A
  1. Frequency of observable characteristics
  2. Base sequence of DNA
  3. Base sequence of mRNA
  4. Amino acid sequence
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11
Q

What is meant by gene technology?

A

Sampling DNA or mRNA in order to read and compare the base sequence of organisms

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12
Q

Why is gene technology prefered to observations?

A

Observing characteristics is not reliable as they could be coded for by more than one gene or influenced by the environment

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13
Q

What is meant by interspecific variation?

A

Differences between individuals of different species

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14
Q

What is meant by intraspecific variation?

A

Differences between individuals of the same species

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15
Q

What is sampling?

A

Selecting a group of individuals measure that represent the whole target population

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16
Q

How can a random sample be achieved?

A

Create a grid for your sample area, and then randomly generate coordinates where a quadrat or transect can be placed
Repeat until required sample size is reached