14A Assignment

Question 1

An _____-symbiotic relationship involves a mutualistic cross-feeding scenario involving multiple organisms, which, while in close association, remain independent concerning their genomes and their cellular boundary membranes.

Ecto-
Endo-

Answer 1

Ecto-

Question 2

Which has a relatively convoluted, high surface area “inner membrane” compared to the others?

mitochondrion

chloroplast

bacterium

Answer 2

mitochondrion

Question 3

The outer membrane of a bacterium is topologically equivalent to:

the chloroplast inner membrane

the chloroplast outer membrane

the mitochondrial inner membrane

the thylakoid membrane

Answer 3

the chloroplast outer membrane

Question 4

The bacterial cytoplasm is most analogous to:

the mitochondrial intermembrane space

the mitochondrial matrix

the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 4

the mitochondrial matrix

Question 5

An ectosymbiotic relationship discussed in class ultimately gave rise to mitochondria. This occurred in _____, and involved a(n)_____ and a(n) _____.

Asgard Archaea, aerobic bacteria

aerobic bacteria, cyanobacteria

aerobic eukaryote, asgard archaea

aerobic bacteria, cyanobacteria

Answer 5

Asgard Archaea, aerobic bacteria

Question 6

Which came first, prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

prokaryotes

eukaryotes

Answer 6

prokaryotes

Question 7

Which came first, plants or aerobic eukaryotes?

aerobic eukaryotes

plants

Answer 7

aerobic eukaryotes

Question 8

Which came first:

Aerobic eukaryotes
Asgard Archaea
Impossible to tell from this diagram.
Cyanobacteria
Proteobacteria

Answer 8

Impossible to tell from this diagram.

Question 9

Which is an example of energy?

Chemical energy of oxidative substrates (e.g. fats, carbohydrates, etc.)

Potential energy of an electron donor

A transmembrane electrical, chemical, or electrochemical gradient

Chemical energy in the phosphoester or phosphoanhydride bonds of ATP

Sunlight

All of the above

Answer 9

All of the above

Question 10

The major form of potential energy produced by the citric acid cycle:

ATP

reduced electron carriers (e.g. NADH)

CO2

a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Answer 10

reduced electron carriers (e.g. NADH)

Question 11

From which is O2 derived during photosynthesis?

CO2

sunlight

water

proton gradient

Answer 11

water

Question 12

Oxygen consumed by respiration ends up in:

the citric acid cycle

water

CO2

NADH

Answer 12

water

Question 13

Which depicts respiration?

(NADH) + (1/12 O2) + (H+) –>energy conversion process in membrane –>(NAD+) + (H2O)

(ADP) + (Pi) –> Oxidation Phosphorylation –> (ATP)

Answer 13

(NADH) + (1/12 O2) + (H+) –>energy conversion process in membrane –>(NAD+) + (H2O)

Question 14

Which depicts action of an F-type ATPase?

(NADH) + (1/12 O2) + (H+) –>energy conversion process in membrane –>(NAD+) + (H2O)

(ADP) + (Pi) –> Oxidation Phosphorylation –> (ATP)

Answer 14

(ADP) + (Pi) –> Oxidation Phosphorylation –> (ATP)

Question 15

The “energy conversion” processes in the membrane refer to:

building the potential energy of a proton gradient and the proton-motive force subsequently driving mechanical action of ATP synthase

production of CO2

the majority of the Krebs cycle

Answer 15

building the potential energy of a proton gradient and the proton-motive force subsequently driving mechanical action of ATP synthase

Question 16

When protons move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space to the matrix through ATP synthase, the proton flow drives phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. What would happen if the ATP synthase were to run in reverse?

Answer 16

ATP synthase would hydrolyze ATP to ADP + Pi
and
a proton gradient would be generated

Question 17

Mitochondria have roles in:

Ca2+ buffering

oxidative phosphorylation

…and it goes on and on and on and on

the urea cycle

respiration

amino acid catabolism

gluconeogenesis

synthesis of phospholipids

heme synthesis

Answer 17

…and it goes on and on and on and on