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biol 3040: cell structure and function > Practice Exam 2 > Flashcards

Practice Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ cycle feeds electrons into Complexes I and II in the mitochondria, while the ______ cycle uses high energy electrons, which have been stored upon their exit from photosystem I.

carbon-fixation; citric acid
citric acid; Q
Q; carbon-fixation
citric acid, carbon-fixation
carbon-fixation; Q

A

citric acid, carbon-fixation

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2
Q

The potential energy stored by chloroplasts, in the form of ATP and NADPH, is most directly used to:

drive the dark reactions.

fuel ATP dependent reactions all over the cell.

create a proton gradient.

split water.

transport ADP into mitochondria

A

drive the dark reactions.

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3
Q

NADH dehydrogenase is a _____ electron acceptor, while NADH is a _____ electron donor. O2 is a _____ electron acceptor.

strong; weak; weak
weak; strong; strong
weak; weak; strong
strong; weak; strong
weak; strong; weak

A

weak; strong; strong

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4
Q

Electrons exit the light reactions of photosynthesis with a more negative redox potential than when they started, and electrons exit the mitochondrial electron transport chain with a more _____ redox potential than when they started.

Negative
Neutral
Positive

A

Positive

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5
Q

The high membrane curvature of the cristae structure is physically supported and enabled by: (1. ATPase dimers; 2. Phosphatidylcholine; 3. Enzymes of the electron transport chain; 4. Proton gradient; 5. Cardiolipin)

3 & 4
2 & 3
1 &2
1 &5
4 & 5

A

1 &5

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6
Q

The mitochondrial space that accumulates electron transport chain (ETC)-pumped-protons is the:

Matrix
Cristae space
Intermembrane space
Mitochondrial adjacent cytosol
Nuclear envelope

A

Cristae space

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7
Q

Only mitochondria with a functional _____ undergo _____.

electrochemical gradient; fusion
ATP synthase; fission
Electrochemical gradient; fission
ATP synthase; fusion
Electron transport chain, fission

A

electrochemical gradient; fusion

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8
Q

Which of the following is FALSE? Redox pairs when measured against a proton/hydrogen gas standard are:

negative if electrons move to the standard.
positive if electrons move to the redox pair.
zero if electrons do not move.
All of the choices are true.
All of the choices are false.

A

All of the choices are true.

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9
Q

What is the change in free energy when two electrons move from ubiquinone (+30 mV) to cytochrome C (+230 mV).

200 mV
38.4 kJ/mole
-19.2 kJ/mole
-38.4 kJ/mole
-76.8 kJ/mole

A

-38.4 kJ/mole

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10
Q

Which of the following lists describes mitochondrial Q electron carriers becoming increasingly reduced going left to right.

Ubiquinone, Ubiquinol, Ubisemiquinone
Ubisemiquinone, Ubiquinol, Ubiquinone
Ubiquinol, Ubisemiquinone, Ubiquinone
Ubiquinone, Ubisemiquinone, Ubiquinol
Ubiquinol, Ubiquinone, Ubisemiquinone

A

Ubiquinone, Ubisemiquinone, Ubiquinol

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11
Q

There are two places where electrons can enter the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Where do their paths first converge?

NADH dehydrogenase
Q
Succinate dehydrogenase
O2
Cytochrome C oxidase

A

Q

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12
Q

Within NADH dehydrogenase, the _____ arm gathers energy and funnels it, in the form of a changed protein conformation, to the membrane arm where proton wires become _____.

matrix; blocked
cristae; blocked
matrix; aligned
intermembrane; aligned
intermembrane; blocked

A

matrix; aligned

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13
Q

Which of the following results in the most ATP produced?

Oxidation of a glucose molecule in the cytosol.

Oxidation of a glucose molecule in the mitochondria.

Oxidation of a palmitate molecule in the mitochondria.

A

Oxidation of a palmitate molecule in the mitochondria.

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14
Q

The mitochondrial ATP synthase is like the ATP synthase it which other structure?

Thylakoid membrane
Bacterial inner membrane
Archaeal inner membrane
All of the choices
None of the choices

A

All of the choices

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15
Q

About how many protons passing down their electrochemical gradient are required to make one molecule of ATP with the ATPase rotor shown here?

1-2
4-5
13-14
26
52

A

4-5

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16
Q

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the mitochondrial ATP/ADP carrier protein?

it exchanges ADP and ATP across a membrane.

it relies on the electrical potential of the surrounding membrane for function

it is located in the mitochondrial outer membrane

it binds ADP in the cristae space

None of the choices are FALSE

A

it is located in the mitochondrial outer membrane

17
Q

Where is ATP produced in chloroplasts?

Thylakoid space
Stroma
Matrix
Intermembrane space
Cytosol

A

Stroma

18
Q

In the Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle the three stages are i. carboxylation, ii. reduction, and iii. regeneration. Molecules start stage iii. with _____ carbon atoms and end with _____.

5; 3
3; 3
3; 5
5; 6
1; 6

A

3; 5

19
Q

Photosystem II uses a key _____ cluster to withdraw electrons from the abundant donor, water.

Copper
Iron
Sulphur
Manganese
Zinc

A

Manganese

20
Q

Cytochrome C is functionally most similar to:

Ferredoxin
plastoquinone
cytochrome b6-f complex
ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR)
plastocyanin

A

plastocyanin

21
Q

Water-splitting enzymes are the reason we have _____ in our atmosphere.

Helium
Sulphur
Oxygen
Freon
Nitrogen

A

Oxygen

22
Q

One reason why the Asgard archaea were so hard to culture was likely because they are in a/an _____ relationship with other microbes.

long distance
ectosymbiotic
endosymbiotic
parasitic
toxic

A

ectosymbiotic

23
Q

Suppose the concentration of free microtubule subunits in an in vitro polymerization reaction is 16 uM. Under the specific conditions of the experimental setup, the Cc(+) is 3 uM, and the Cc(-) is 7 uM. Which of the following statements concerning change in length at the (+) and (-) ends of the microtubule would reflect the activity you would expect to observe at each end?

(+) growing; (-) shrinking
(+) growing; (-) static
(+) shrinking; (-) shrinking
(+) static; (-) shrinking
(+) growing; (-) growing

A

(+) growing; (-) growing

24
Q

Suppose the concentration of free G-actin subunits in an in vitro polymerization reaction is 2 uM. Under the specific conditions of the experimental setup, the Cc(+) is 2.5 uM, and the Cc(-) is 8 uM. When the experiment is seeded with F-actin, an equimolar amount of CapZ protein is included. Which of the following statements concerning change in length at the (+) and (-) ends of the filament would reflect the activity you would expect to observe at each end?

(+) growing; (-) shrinking
(+) growing; (-) static
(+) shrinking; (-) shrinking
(+) static; (-) shrinking
(+) growing; (-) growing

A

(+) static; (-) shrinking

25
Q

Light bands of striated muscle sarcomeres overlap continuously with _____.

Tropomodulin
CapZ protein
Troponin
Nebulin
Tropomyosin

A

Nebulin

26
Q

In this setup (fig A) single myosin proteins grab an actin filament like a chin-up bar giving rise to the short, dense, and steady regions in the displacement trace (fig B). To make the duration of binding events shorter, the researchers could:

add more ATP
add less ATP
add ADP
add more GTP
add less GTP

A

add more ATP

27
Q

Action of the chemical latrunculin is most like ____.

MAPs
CapZ
Thymosin
Tropomyosin
Stathmin

A

Thymosin

28
Q

_____ release triggers the myosin power stroke.

ADP
ATP
Pi
GTP
None of the choices

A

Pi

29
Q

In migrating cells, Arp complexes are situated by _____ to enhance PM-localized actin nucleation.

Formin
NPF
Profilin
Gamma Ring Complex
Cofilin

A

NPF

30
Q

In kinesins, ADP is ejected from the _____ head, and Pi is ejected from the _____ head.

lagging; leading
leading; lagging
leading; leading
lagging; lagging
swinging; leading

A

leading; lagging

31
Q

_____ induces the neck linker of kinesin to move to a forward-pointing conformation

Pi
GTP
ADP
ATP
GDP

A

ATP

32
Q

If you were examining a newly available genome and your task was to identify the encoded family of dimeric kinesin motors, what domain would be the most useful starting place for your analysis?

Motor domain
Neck region 1
Cargo domain 1
Cargo domain 2
Neck region 2

A

Motor domain

33
Q

Axonemal dyneins are:

actin-dependent and plus-end directed

MT-dependent and plus-end directed

actin-dependent and minus-end directed

MT-dependent and minus-end directed

MT-dependent and reversable

A

MT-dependent and minus-end directed

34
Q

Which of the following statements regarding Intermediate Filaments (IFs) is FALSE?

Individual intermediate filament subunit polypeptides are polar.

Animal cell nuclei are supported by IFs.

IFs are encoded by a gene family that allows cell and tissue specialization.

Intermediate filaments bind to Adherens Junctions.

Intermediate filaments, in cross section, contain 32 proteins.

A

Intermediate filaments bind to Adherens Junctions.

35
Q

Which of the following is not an IF?

None of the choices
Fibronectin
Lamin
Neurofilament-H
Keratin

A

Fibronectin

36
Q

When a healthy cell FAILS to sense, grab, and stretch itself into a field of fibronectin it:

divides.
grows.
dies.
shrinks.
differentiates.

A

dies.

37
Q

Which of the following would undergo compaction with an E-Cadherin expressing cell in culture?

An N-Cadherin expressing cell.
An integrin expressing cell.
A fibronectin expressing cell.
An E-Cadherin expressing cell.
A laminin expressing cell.

A

An E-Cadherin expressing cell.

38
Q

Tight junctions serve to:

Partition cytoplasmic proteins
Partition transmembrane PM proteins
Partition nuclear proteins
Partition mitochondrial proteins
None of the choices

A

Partition transmembrane PM proteins

39
Q

Provide resistance to compression.
Group of answer choices

Intermediate filaments

Laminin

Glycosaminoglycan

Elastin

Collagen

A

Glycosaminoglycan

biol 3040: cell structure and function (49 decks)

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