Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What supplies blood to the heart itself?
- a) Coronary artery branching off from the aorta
- b) Coronary vein branching off from the pulmonary artery
- c) Arterioles supplying blood to the heart
- d) Capillaries connecting the heart to the lungs
Cardiovascular System
What supplies blood to the heart itself?
- a) Coronary artery branching off from the aorta
- b) Coronary vein branching off from the pulmonary artery
- c) Arterioles supplying blood to the heart
- d) Capillaries connecting the heart to the lungs
- The coronary artery branches off from the aorta and supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
- Options b, c, and d do not accurately describe the blood supply to the heart.
Which of the following accurately describes the function of pulmonary circulation?
- a) Delivery of blood from the heart to the body and back to the heart
- b) Delivery of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
- c) Carrying blood away from the heart through large vessels
- d) Site of gas and nutrient exchange in the smallest vessels
Cardiovascular System
Which of the following accurately describes the function of pulmonary circulation?
- a) Delivery of blood from the heart to the body and back to the heart
- b) Delivery of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
- c) Carrying blood away from the heart through large vessels
- d) Site of gas and nutrient exchange in the smallest vessels
- Pulmonary circulation specifically involves the transportation of blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and then back to the heart.
- Option a describes systemic circulation, while options c and d are inaccurate descriptions of pulmonary circulation.
During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the heart undergo relaxation?
- a) Systole
- b) Diastole
- c) Autorhythmicity
- d) Syncytial contraction
Cardiovascular System
During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the heart undergo relaxation?
- a) Systole
- b) Diastole
- c) Autorhythmicity
- d) Syncytial contraction
- Diastole is the phase of the cardiac cycle where the heart chambers relax and fill with blood.
- Systole (option a) is the contraction phase. Options c and d describe other aspects of cardiac function but do not specifically relate to the relaxation phase.
Which structure in the heart acts as the pacemaker for cardiac contraction?
- a) Atrioventricular node
- b) Purkinje fibers
- c) Sinoatrial node
- d) Sympathetic nerve fibers
Cardiovascular System
Which structure in the heart acts as the pacemaker for cardiac contraction?
- a) Atrioventricular node
- b) Purkinje fibers
- c) Sinoatrial node
- d) Sympathetic nerve fibers
- The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in the right atrium of the heart and initiates the electrical impulses that coordinate the heartbeat.
- Options a, b, and d are involved in the conduction of electrical impulses in the heart but do not serve as the primary pacemaker.
Which component of the cardiovascular system is responsible for carrying blood away from the heart?
- a) Arteries
- b) Arterioles
- c) Veins
- d) Venules
Cardiovascular System
Which component of the cardiovascular system is responsible for carrying blood away from the heart?
- a) Arteries
- b) Arterioles
- c) Veins
- d) Venules
- Arteries are large vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to various parts of the body.
- Options b, c, and d are incorrect as they describe different components of the circulatory system.
What is the term for the amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one contraction?
- a) Cardiac output
- b) Stroke volume
- c) End-diastolic volume
- d) Ejection fraction
Cardiovascular System
What is the term for the amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one contraction?
- a) Cardiac output
- b) Stroke volume
- c) End-diastolic volume
- d) Ejection fraction
- Stroke volume refers to the volume of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction.
- Cardiac output (option a) is the total volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
- End-diastolic volume (option c) and ejection fraction (option d) are related but not specifically the amount of blood pumped out in one contraction.
Which type of muscle tissue is primarily responsible for the forceful contraction of the heart?
- a) Skeletal muscle
- b) Smooth muscle
- c) Cardiac muscle
- d) Striated muscle
Cardiovascular System
Which type of muscle tissue is primarily responsible for the forceful contraction of the heart?
- a) Skeletal muscle
- b) Smooth muscle
- c) Cardiac muscle
- d) Striated muscle
- Cardiac muscle is specifically adapted for the rhythmic and forceful contractions of the heart.
- Options a, b, and d describe different types of muscle tissue but are not primarily responsible for the contraction of the heart.
What term describes the intercommunication between two arteries, ensuring blood flow to an area even if one artery is blocked?
- a) Anastomosis
- b) Systole
- c) Diastole
- d) Autorhythmicity
Cardiovascular System
What term describes the intercommunication between two arteries, ensuring blood flow to an area even if one artery is blocked?
- a) Anastomosis
- b) Systole
- c) Diastole
- d) Autorhythmicity
- Anastomosis refers to the connection between two arteries, allowing alternative blood flow pathways.
- Options b, c, and d describe phases or properties of the cardiac cycle and cardiac muscle function, but do not relate to arterial intercommunication.
Which of the following factors primarily determines preload in the heart?
- a) Blood pressure
- b) End-diastolic volume
- c) Stroke volume
- d) Afterload
Cardiovascular System
Which of the following factors primarily determines preload in the heart?
- a) Blood pressure
- b) End-diastolic volume
- c) Stroke volume
- d) Afterload
- Preload is determined by the volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole (end-diastolic volume).
- Options a, c, and d are incorrect as they describe different factors influencing cardiac function.
What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the heart rate?
- a) Decreases heart rate
- b) Increases heart rate
- c) Has no effect on heart rate
- d) Induces arrhythmia
Cardiovascular System
What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the heart rate?
- a) Decreases heart rate
- b) Increases heart rate
- c) Has no effect on heart rate
- d) Induces arrhythmia
- Sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate as part of the body’s fight or flight response.
- Option a is incorrect because sympathetic stimulation typically increases heart rate rather than decreases it.
- Options c and d are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the effect of sympathetic stimulation on heart rate.
Which of the following best describes the ejection fraction (EF) in relation to cardiac function?
- a) Ratio of available blood to pumped blood
- b) Measure of ventricular stretch during diastole
- c) Amount of pressure exerted by the heart during contraction
- d) Volume of blood ejected from the ventricles per minute
Cardiovascular System
Which of the following best describes the ejection fraction (EF) in relation to cardiac function?
- a) Ratio of available blood to pumped blood
- b) Measure of ventricular stretch during diastole
- c) Amount of pressure exerted by the heart during contraction
- d) Volume of blood ejected from the ventricles per minute
- Ejection fraction (EF) is the ratio of the volume of blood pumped out of the ventricle per contraction (stroke volume) to the volume of blood in the ventricle before contraction (end-diastolic volume).
- Options b, c, and d do not accurately describe the ejection fraction.
Which of the following adaptations occurs in response to regular physical training in the cardiovascular system?
- a) Decrease in left ventricular wall thickness
- b) Decrease in cardiac output
- c) Increase in heart rate
- d) Increase in left ventricular mass
Cardiovascular System
Which of the following adaptations occurs in response to regular physical training in the cardiovascular system?
- a) Decrease in left ventricular wall thickness
- b) Decrease in cardiac output
- c) Increase in heart rate
- d) Increase in left ventricular mass
- Regular physical training typically leads to an increase in left ventricular mass as an adaptation to increased workload.
- Options a, b, and c are incorrect as they do not reflect typical adaptations to training.
What is the primary function of arterioles in the cardiovascular system?
- a) Carry blood away from the heart
- b) Site of gas and nutrient exchange
- c) Regulate blood flow into capillaries
- d) Return blood to the heart
Cardiovascular System
What is the primary function of arterioles in the cardiovascular system?
- a) Carry blood away from the heart
- b) Site of gas and nutrient exchange
- c) Regulate blood flow into capillaries
- d) Return blood to the heart
- Arterioles play a crucial role in regulating blood flow into capillaries, thus controlling blood pressure and distribution of blood flow to tissues.
- Options a, b, and d are incorrect as they describe different functions of other components of the cardiovascular system.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the effect of endurance training on ventricular volume?
- a) Endurance training decreases end-diastolic volume (EDV) and stroke volume (SV).
- b) Endurance training increases EDV, thereby increasing SV and decreasing heart rate (HR).
- c) Endurance training has no effect on ventricular volume.
- d) Endurance training decreases left ventricular mass.
Cardiovascular System
Which of the following statements accurately describes the effect of endurance training on ventricular volume?
- a) Endurance training decreases end-diastolic volume (EDV) and stroke volume (SV).
- b) Endurance training increases EDV, thereby increasing SV and decreasing heart rate (HR).
- c) Endurance training has no effect on ventricular volume.
- d) Endurance training decreases left ventricular mass.
- Endurance training typically increases the volume of blood pumped by the heart (stroke volume) by increasing the end-diastolic volume (EDV), which allows for greater filling of the ventricles.
- This leads to a decreased heart rate at rest.
According to the laws governing blood flow, which factor directly influences the rate of blood flow in the cardiovascular system?
- a) Blood viscosity
- b) Blood volume
- c) Blood pH
- d) Blood sugar levels
Cardiovascular System
According to the laws governing blood flow, which factor directly influences the rate of blood flow in the cardiovascular system?
- a) Blood viscosity
- b) Blood volume
- c) Blood pH
- d) Blood sugar levels
- Blood viscosity, or thickness, directly affects the rate of blood flow in the cardiovascular system.
- Higher viscosity leads to slower blood flow, while lower viscosity increases blood flow.
- Options b, c, and d are not directly related to blood flow according to the laws governing it.
What is the formula to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the cardiovascular system?
- a) MAP = SP - DP
- b) MAP = DP + 1/3(SP - DP)
- c) MAP = PP - DP
- d) MAP = PP + 1/3(SP - DP)
Cardiovascular System
What is the formula to calculate mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the cardiovascular system?
- a) MAP = SP - DP
- b) MAP = DP + 1/3(SP - DP)
- c) MAP = PP - DP
- d) MAP = PP + 1/3(SP - DP)
- Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is calculated using the formula MAP = DP + 1/3(SP - DP), where DP represents diastolic pressure and SP represents systolic pressure.
- This formula takes into account both systolic and diastolic pressures to provide an average pressure in the arteries throughout the cardiac cycle.
What is the primary function of arterioles in the cardiovascular system?
- a) To carry blood away from the heart
- b) To return blood to the heart
- c) To regulate blood flow into capillaries
- d) To distribute blood evenly throughout the body
Cardiovascular System
What is the primary function of arterioles in the cardiovascular system?
- a) To carry blood away from the heart
- b) To return blood to the heart
- c) To regulate blood flow into capillaries
- d) To distribute blood evenly throughout the body
- Arterioles are small-diameter blood vessels that regulate blood flow into capillaries, thereby controlling blood pressure and distribution of blood flow to tissues.
- Options a, b, and d describe functions of other components of the cardiovascular system, not specifically arterioles.
Which of the following best describes pulse pressure in the cardiovascular system?
- a) The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure
- b) The difference between mean arterial pressure and diastolic blood pressure
- c) The difference between systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure
- d) The difference between mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure
Cardiovascular System
Which of the following best describes pulse pressure (PP) in the cardiovascular system?
- a) The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure
- b) The difference between mean arterial pressure and diastolic blood pressure
- c) The difference between systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure
- d) The difference between mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure
- Pulse pressure is calculated as the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
- It reflects the force exerted on the walls of the arteries during systole and the resting pressure during diastole.
- Options b, c, and d incorrectly describe pulse pressure.
What physiological adaptation occurs in response to both aerobic and weight training that contributes to the reduction of resting blood pressure?
- a) Increase in left ventricular mass
- b) Decrease in systolic blood pressure
- c) Increase in arteriole diameter
- d) Increase in mean arterial pressure
Cardiovascular System
What physiological adaptation occurs in response to both aerobic and weight training that contributes to the reduction of resting blood pressure?
- a) Increase in left ventricular mass
- b) Decrease in systolic blood pressure
- c) Increase in arteriole diameter
- d) Increase in mean arterial pressure
- Both aerobic and weight training have been shown to reduce resting blood pressure, primarily by decreasing systolic blood pressure.
- This reduction is attributed to various factors, including improved cardiovascular efficiency and decreased vascular resistance.
- Options a, c, and d are not typically associated with the reduction of resting blood pressure.
Which parameter is a good indicator of training intensity based on the information provided?
- a) End-diastolic volume (EDV)
- b) Stroke volume (SV)
- c) Heart rate (HR)
- d) Left ventricular mass
Cardiovascular System
Which parameter is a good indicator of training intensity based on the information provided?
- a) End-diastolic volume (EDV)
- b) Stroke volume (SV)
- c) Heart rate (HR)
- d) Left ventricular mass
- According to the information provided, heart rate (HR) is a good indicator of training intensity.
- HR increases with cardiac output up to maximal workloads, making it a reliable measure of the body’s response to exercise intensity.
- Options a, b, and d are not directly linked to training intensity.