Exercise 07: Determination of Diuretic Activity

Question 1

True about Diuretic

Answer 1

• Increases Flow of Urine
• Inhibits Reabsorption of Salt and Water
• Reduces Blood Volume
• Drugs that Act in the Kidneys

Question 2

Located in the peritoneal cavity. Most important organ for excretion.

Answer 2

Kidney

Question 3

Functions of Kidney

Answer 3

1. Maintain Normal Fluid Volume
2. Maintain Salt and Water Balance
3. With 2 Endocrine Function

Question 4

Responsible for the removal of metabolic waste and the maintenance of water and electrolyte balance.

Answer 4

Nephrons / Malphigian Bodies

Question 5

Three (3) Processes in the Kidney

Answer 5

1. Glomerular Filtration
2. Tubular Reabsorption
3. Active Tubular Secretion

Question 6

Filtration of LMW Molecules (Molecular Weight: < 500). Normal GFR is 125 mL / min (180 L / day). GFR tells how Healthy the Kidney is. Ave Urine: 1 to 1.5 L (99% are Reabsorbed).

Answer 6

Glomerular Filtration

Question 7

Two (2) GFR Measurements

Answer 7

1. Inulin
2. Creatinine

Question 8

Fullfills Most of the Criteria Needed. Standard Reference. (–) Time Consuming.

Answer 8

Inulin

Question 9

Clearance of __________ is used most extensively as the measurement of GFR. The byproduct of muscle metabolism.

Answer 9

Creatinine

Question 10

Occurs in Distal Convoluted Tubule. Occurs after the Drug is Filtered through the Glomerulus and can be Active or Passive.

Answer 10

Tubular Reabsorption

Question 11

• Weak Acid + Acidic Urine
• Weak Base + Alkaline Urine
• Weak Acid + Alkaline Urine (Vice Versa)

Answer 11

– Non-Ionized (Reabsorbed)
– Non-Ionized (Reabsorbed)
– Ionized (Excreted)

Question 12

Occurs in Proximal Convoluted Tubule. Reabsorption of Water and Active Secretion of Some Weak Electrolyte (Weak Acids). Requires Carrier and Energy (Against Conc Gradient). Reflects the Effective Renal Plasma Flow (ERPF) 425 to 650 mL / min.

Answer 12

Active Renal Secretion

Question 13

Drugs Used to Measure Active Tubular Secretion

Answer 13

P-Amino Hippuric Acid (PAH) and Iodopyracet (Diodrast)

Question 14

These substances are both filtered by the glomeruli and secreted by that tubular cells.

Answer 14

P-Amino Hippuric Acid (PAH) and Iodopyracet (Diodrast)

Question 15

Reabsorbs Glucose, Amino Acids, Sodium, Phosphate Ion, Potassium, Mg, Calcium, Chloride, and Water.

Answer 15

Nephrons

Question 16

Amount of filtrate going through the glomerular membrane in one minute.

Answer 16

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Question 17

If the drug is diuretic, what will be the effects in aldosterone and ADH? Increase or decrease action of these antidiuretic hormones?

Answer 17

Decrease

Question 18

Three (3) Anatomical Plane of the Kidneys

Answer 18

1. Horizontal Plane
2. Sagittal Plane
3. Coronal Plane

Question 19

(T/F): The radioactivity emitted by methoxy-inulin in the perfusate will excite those scintillators, which in turn re-emit photons that we can detect.

Answer 19

T

Question 20

(T/F): If passive reabsorption, with or without oxygen, absorbed volume is similar.

Answer 20

T

Question 21

(T/F): If active reabsorption, requires oxygen. No oxygen. No reabsorption.

Answer 21

T

Question 22

It causes severe changes in the physiological and biochemical processes of the animal which become more serious with longer duration of food withdrawal.

Answer 22

Fasting

Question 23

Fasting periods of __________ bring about important changes which may significantly affect the responsiveness toward experimental stimuli.

Answer 23

16 to 24 hours

Question 24

Device that is used in collection of urine sample from test animals (rat). It can prevent urine from washing over and entering the feces tube.

Answer 24

Metabolic Cage

Question 25

Rats are fed with standard diet and water up to 16 to 24 hours before the experiment. The urine excretion recorded up to __________.

Answer 25

5 to 24 hours