lipid determination

Question 1

Conversion Factors:

Cholesterol to mmol/l

Answer 1

= 0.0259
mg/dL  mmol/L

Question 2

Conversion Factors:

triglycerides to mmol/l

Answer 2

= 0.0113
mg/dL to mmol/L

Question 3

conversion of cholesterol tommol/l

Answer 3

0.0259

Question 4

The patient should remain on a regular diet for at least
_____ weeks prior to the blood sample being taken.

Answer 4

3 weeks

Question 5

There should be no significant weight gain or loss. No consumption of alcohol for at least ___days

Question 6

The sample must be collected after a fast of at least __.

Answer 6

12 hour

Question 7

ATP III Classification for TAG Values

Answer 7

<150 mg/dL - normal
< 150 - 199 - borderline high
< 200 - 499 mg/dl - high
>500 mg/dl high

Question 8

Increased triglyceride can be seen in

Answer 8

Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I, IIb, III and IV and V
Alcoholism
Nephrotic Syndrome
Hypothyroidism
Pancreatitis

Question 9

Decreased triglyceride can be seen in

Answer 9

Malabsorption Syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
Malnutrition
Brain Infarction

Question 10

determination of total cholesterol

Faster to perform

Answer 10

enzymatic method

Question 11

determination of total cholesterol

Use less corrosive chemicals

Answer 11

ENZYMATIC METHOD

Question 12

determination of total cholesterol

To diminish the problems associated with esters and other sterols

Answer 12

ENZYMATIC METHOD

Question 13

determination of total cholesterol

Hydrolysis of cholesterol esters and oxidation of cholesterol

Answer 13

ENZYMATIC METHOD

Question 14

reference values for total cholesterol

Answer 14

125 mg/dL (3.2 mmol/L)

Question 15

conversion of cholesterol tommol/l

Answer 15

0.0259

Question 16

comparison of cholesterol for sex

Answer 16

Women<men

but after menopause W>M

Question 17

principle for total cholesterol

Answer 17

Hydrolysis:
Cholesterol esters + H20- cholesterol esterase – cholesterol + fatty acids

Oxidation:
Cholesterol + O2 - cholesterol oxidase – cholest-4-en-3-one + H2O2

2 H2O2 + 4-aminophenazone – peroxidase – quinoneimine dye + H20

Measure absorbance at 500 nm

Question 18

principle of chemical method for cholesterol

Answer 18

dehydration and oxidation of cholesterol to form a colored compound

Question 19

chemical methods for total cholesterol

one step direct method (simplest approach)

Answer 19

Liebermann-Burchard (L-B) Procedure

Question 20

Liebermann-Burchard (L-B) Procedure end color

Answer 20

green end color

Question 21

chemical methods for total cholesterol

End product – Cholestadienyl disulfonic acid (Red end color)

Answer 21

Salkowski Reaction

Question 22

Three step method – saponification > extraction > colorimetry

Answer 22

Abell- Kendall Method

Question 23

Precipitation of cholesterol esters after extraction separate esterified from free cholesterol, permitting measurement of only the free fraction

Answer 23

Abell- Kendall Method

Question 24

Extraction: specimen + zeolite =

Answer 24

cholesterol

Question 25

Cholesterol esters – hydrolysis – ______

Answer 25

free cholesterol

Question 26

Methods for total cholesterol determination Bloor’s method

Answer 26

1st step: extract using Bloor’s reagent 2nd step: Liebermann-Burchard End color: Bluish green

Question 27

Methods for total cholesterol determination Abell-kendall method

Answer 27

1st step: Saponification 2nd step: extract using Zeolite 3rd Step: LB reaction

Question 28

2 enzymes involved:

Answer 28

Cholesterol esterase – converts esterified cholesterol into free cholesterol Cholesterol oxidase – oxidize into H2O2

Question 29

CDC Reference Method for total cholesterol

Answer 29

Abell, Levy and Brodie Method

Question 30

Current Reference Method for total cholesterol

Answer 30

GC MS

Question 31

in chemical method ___ is added to the step methods to extract the unesterified cholesterol and the same will be measured with the LB reagent

Answer 31

petroleum ether

Question 32

reagents for the colorimetry

Answer 32

liebermann burchardt reagent

Question 33

reagents for the saponification

Answer 33

petroleum ether alcoholic potassium hydroxide

Question 34

reagents for the precipitation

Answer 34

digitonin

Question 35

color developer mixture for liebermann-burchardt reagent

Answer 35

glacial acetic acid acetic anhydride concentrated h2SO4

Question 36

increase total cholesterol are can be seen in ___

Answer 36

Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II, III and IV Biliary Cirrhosis Alcoholism Nephrotic Syndrome Primary Hypothyroidism DM – poorly controlled

Question 37

decrease total cholesterol are can be seen in ___

Answer 37

Severe hepatocellular disease Malabsorption Syndrome Hyperthyroidism Malnutrition Severe Burns

Question 38

Reference method for quantitation of lipoproteins

Answer 38

Ultracentrifugation

Question 39

Electrophoresis pattern:

Answer 39

HDL, VLDL, LDL, Chylomicrons

Question 40

Stains for lipoproteins

Answer 40

: Oil Red O, Fat Red 7B, Sudan Black  ester bonds in TAG and CE

Question 41

are used for lipoprotein as it is sensitive and beneficial for the differentiation of lipoprotein

Answer 41

Agarose Gel

Question 42

Chromatographic Methods for lipoprotein

Answer 42

Gel chromatography or Affinity Chromatography

Question 43

The concentration of HDL cholesterol appears to be inversely related to the risk of ___

Answer 43

CVD

Question 44

Centrifugation – __ is the only LP remaining in the supernate

Answer 44

HDL

Question 45

DESIRABLE VALUES FOR LDL and HDL CHOLESTEROL

Answer 45

>2.0 mmol/L or >45 mg/dL for HDL <3.4 mmol/L or <130 mg/dL for LDL LDL: HDL - <3:1 is considered desirable