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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY > lipid determination > Flashcards

lipid determination Flashcards

1
Q

Conversion Factors:

Cholesterol to mmol/l

A

= 0.026
mg/dL  mmol/L

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2
Q

Conversion Factors:

triglycerides to mmol/l

A

= 0.0113
mg/dL to mmol/L

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3
Q

conversion of cholesterol tommol/l

A

0.0259

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4
Q

The patient should remain on a regular diet for at least
_____ weeks prior to the blood sample being taken.

A

3 weeks

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5
Q

There should be no significant weight gain or loss. No consumption of alcohol for at least ___days

A
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6
Q

The sample must be collected after a fast of at least __.

A

12 hour

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7
Q

ATP III Classification for TAG Values

A

<150 mg/dL - normal
< 150 - 199 - borderline high
< 200 - 499 mg/dl - high
>500 mg/dl high

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8
Q

Increased triglyceride can be seen in

A

Hyperlipoproteinemia Type I, IIb, III and IV and V
Alcoholism
Nephrotic Syndrome
Hypothyroidism
Pancreatitis

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9
Q

Decreased triglyceride can be seen in

A

Malabsorption Syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
Malnutrition
Brain Infarction

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10
Q

determination of total cholesterol

Faster to perform

A

enzymatic method

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11
Q

determination of total cholesterol

Use less corrosive chemicals

A

ENZYMATIC METHOD

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12
Q

determination of total cholesterol

To diminish the problems associated with esters and other sterols

A

ENZYMATIC METHOD

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13
Q

determination of total cholesterol

Hydrolysis of cholesterol esters and oxidation of cholesterol

A

ENZYMATIC METHOD

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14
Q

reference values for total cholesterol

A

125 mg/dL (3.2 mmol/L)

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15
Q

conversion of cholesterol tommol/l

A

0.0259

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16
Q

comparison of cholesterol for sex

A

Women<men

but after menopause W>M

17
Q

principle for total cholesterol

A

Hydrolysis; Cholesterol esters - cholesterol esterase – cholesterol + fatty acids

Oxidation: Cholesterol + O2 cholesterol oxidase – cholest-4-en-3-one + H2O2

2 H2O2 + 4-aminophenazone – peroxidase – quinoneimine dye

Measure absorbance at 500 nm

18
Q

chemical methods for total cholesterol

one step direct method (simplest approach)

A

Liebermann-Burchard (L-B) Procedure

19
Q

chemical methods for total cholesterol

End product – Cholestadienyl disulfonic acid (Red end color)

A

Salkowski Reaction

20
Q

Three step method – saponification > extraction > colorimetry

A

Abell- Kendall Method

21
Q

Precipitation of cholesterol esters after extractiuon separate esterified from free cholesterol, permitting measurement of only the free fraction

A

Abell- Kendall Method

22
Q

Extraction: specimen + zeolite =

A

cholesterol

23
Q

Cholesterol esters – hydrolysis – ______

A

free cholesterol

24
Q

Methods for total cholesterol determination

Bloor’s method

A

1st step: extract using Bloor’s reagent
2nd step: Liebermann-Burchard
End color: Bluish green

25
Q

Methods for total cholesterol determination

Abell-kendall method

A

1st step: Saponification
2nd step: extract using Zeolite
3rd Step: LB reaction

26
Q

2 enzymes involved:

A

Cholesterol esterase – converts esterified cholesterol into free cholesterol
Cholesterol oxidase – oxidize into H2O2

27
Q

CDC Reference Method for total cholesterol

A

Abell, Levy and Brodie Method

28
Q

Current Reference Method for total cholesterol

A

GC MS

29
Q

increase total cholesterol are can be seen in ___

A

Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II, III and IV
Biliary Cirrhosis
Alcoholism
Nephrotic Syndrome
Primary Hypothyroidism
DM – poorly controlled

30
Q

decrease total cholesterol are can be seen in ___

A

Severe hepatocellular disease
Malabsorption Syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
Malnutrition
Severe Burns

31
Q

Reference method for quantitation of lipoproteins

A

Ultracentrifugation

32
Q

Electrophoresis
pattern:

A

HDL, VLDL, LDL, Chylomicrons

33
Q

Stains for lipoproteins

A

: Oil Red O, Fat Red 7B, Sudan Black  ester bonds in TAG and CE

34
Q

are used for lipoprotein as it is sensitive and beneficial for the differentiation of lipoprotein

A

Agarose Gel

35
Q

Chromatographic Methods for lipoprotein

A

Gel chromatography or Affinity Chromatography

36
Q

The concentration of HDL cholesterol appears to be inversely related to the risk of ___

A

CVD

37
Q

Centrifugation – __ is the only LP remaining in the supernate

A

HDL

38
Q

DESIRABLE VALUES FOR
LDL and HDL CHOLESTEROL

A

> 2.0 mmol/L or >45 mg/dL for HDL

<3.4 mmol/L or <130 mg/dL for LDL

LDL: HDL - <3:1 is
considered desirable

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (15 decks)

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