Ruminant Head & Neck Osteology (28) Flashcards
Dr. Concha
Bovines have a large frontal bone with ______
cornual processes
What is this structure?
intercornual protuberance
What is the bovine temporal line?
bony prominence used as a landmark to locate the cornual nerve
What is the bovine temporal fossa?
small fossa compared with carnivores
- gets in a very lateral position and is small due to large frontal bone
temporal muscle is therefore very small
What are some palpable structures in the bovine skull?
temporal line
facial tuberosity
The nasal bone is stronger in [equine/bovine]
bovine
Label 1-5
- intercornual protuberance
- temporal line
- nasal bone (process)
- temporal fossa
- facial tuberosity
The _______ is the dorsal border of the temporal fossa
temporal line
Label 1-3
- temporal line
- intercornual protuberance
- temporal fossa
What is special about the ruminant incisive bone?
NO dental alveoli in incisive bone
this area is covered by a fibrous tissue called a dental pad
Label 1-2
- palatine fissure
- dental pad of incisive bone
What is a dental pad?
fibrous tissue that covers incisive bone
What is the palatine fissure?
large fissure between incisive bone and maxilla
- elongated
What is modified regarding the round foramen and orbital fissure?
it combined to be the orbitorotundum foramen
What is the orbitorotundum foramen a combination of?
round foramen
orbital fissure
What nerves occupy the orbitorotundum foramen?
trigeminal nerve V1 and V2 branches (ophthalmic & maxillary nerves)
motor nerves for the eye - CN III, CN IV, CN VI
Label 1-2
- orbitorotundum foramen
- foramen ovale
What is this?
umbilical appendix - NOT penis
What sinus in the skull is huge in the ruminant?
frontal sinus
What are the parts of the frontal sinus in the bovine?
caudal
medial rostral
middle rostral
lateral rostral
Label 1-4
- caudal
- medial rostral
- middle rostral
- lateral rostral
What is this? Its function?
frontal sinus
communicate with nasal cavity
What is this? Its function?
cornual diverticulum of frontal sinus
communicate with frontal sinus (which then communicates with nasal cavity)
List the layers of the horn from superficial to deep
horn tubules made by keratin
dermis: vessels & nerves
cornual process of frontal bone
cornual diverticulum of frontal sinus
If you dehorn as a [adult/calf], you will open the frontal sinus
adult
Label 1-3
- horn tubules made by keratin
- cornual process of frontal bone
- cornual diverticulum of frontal sinus
The dermis containing vessels and nerves in the horn are between what layers?
horn tubules made by keratin
cornual process of frontal bone
Label 1-5
- horn tubules made by keratin
- dermis: vessels and nerves (corium)
- cornual process of frontal bone
- mucosa of the cornual diverticulum of frontal sinus
- cornual diverticulum of frontal sinus