Social Psychology (Chapter 13) Flashcards
Social psychology
Study of the causes and consequences of sociality
Frustration–aggression hypothesis
States that all animals aggress when their goals are frustrated
Different conflicts leading to aggression:
Approach-approach conflict — two pleasing goals
Approach-avoidance conflict — both pleasant and unpleasant outcomes for the same goal
Avoidance-avoidance conflict — two unpleasant goals
Superordinate goal
Goal that can be attained only if the members of different groups work together
The prisoner’s dilemma
Two players acting selfishly will ultimately result in suboptimal choice for both
Group
Collection of people who have something in common that distinguishes them from others
Prejudice
Positive or negative evaluation of another person based on group membership
Group polarization
The tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than any member would have made alone
Groupthink
The tendency for groups to reach consensus in order to facilitate interpersonal harmony
Deindividuation
Occurs when immersion in a group causes people to become less aware of their individual values
Social facilitation
Presence of others generally enhances performance
Social loafing
Tendency for people in a group to exert less effort than they would individually
Diffusion of responsibility
The more people in an emergency, the less personally responsible each individual feels
Bystander effect/Bystander apathy
Tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present
Altruism
Unselfish behavior that provides benefit to others at some cost to the individual