From the practice book Flashcards
causation (and its research method)
perceptual adaptation
the brain’s ability to adjust and adapt to changes in sensory input over time
weber’s law
the larger the original stimulus, the larger the just noticeable difference needs to be for it to be detected.
id
ego
superego
part of the mind that contains sexual and aggressive drives and hidden memories
the realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super-ego
operates as a moral conscience
latent learning (plus insight and social)
form of learning that is not immediately expressed in an overt response
incentive theory
people are motivated by external stimuli or positive incentives to engage in behaviors
modeling
learning by copying the behavior of someone else
primacy effect
an individual’s tendency to better remember the first piece of information they encounter than the information they receive later on.
reaction formation
sublimation
anxious or unacceptable emotions are mastered by exaggeration of the directly opposing tendency
transform conflicted emotions, unmet desires or unacceptable impulses into productive outlets.
arousal theory
our behavior is motivated by a need to maintain an ideal arousal level
bait and switch technique
persuasive technique in which an initial promise or offer is made, but the offer is later withdrawn or changed in some way
that’s-not-all technique
presenting a large request and then, before response, making the request more attractive by reducing it to a modest target request (like door in the face)
meta analysis
statistical combination of results from two or more separate studies
case study
detailed examination of a particular case within a real-world context
heuristic
problem-solving shortcut that helps even if it’s not always effective
Availability heuristic
Representativeness Heuristics
basing one’s assessment on prior comparable experiences, rather than judging that situation individually
basing one’s assessment on common knowledge, stereotypes, or prototypes
Gestalt psychology
looks at the human mind and behavior as a whole.Everything is part of a complex system
Aphasia (broca’s, wernicke’s)
loss of ability to understand or express speech, caused by brain damage.
Lobes in the brain
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
Frontal lobe
deals with problem-solving, decision-making, planning, and judgment
parietal lobe
a major sensory processing hub for your brain.
Contains somatic sensory cortex: represent and process touch
occipital lobe
responsible for visual perception, including colour, form and motion
temporal lobe
processing auditory sensory input and is the location of the primary auditory cortex and Wernicke’s area
Hindbrain
Coordinates info coming in and out of spianl cord, basic life functions
Hindbrain contains…
Medulla, reticular formation, cerebellum, pons
Somatic symptom disorder
focus on physical symptoms, such as pain, weakness or shortness of breath, to a level that results in major distress and/or problems functioning
Inductive reasoning
drawing conclusions by going from the specific to the general
Dialectical Reasoning
arriving at the truth by stating a thesis, developing a contradictory antithesis based on concrete possibilities, and combining them into a coherent synthesis