1939-1951 (The People's War and Peace)- Social

Question 1

what was the final age bracket of conscription (1942)?

Answer 1

18-51 y/o men

Question 2

what did older men serve in?

Answer 2

home guard (dad’s army)

Question 3

what was the size of GBs armed forces by 1943?

Answer 3

4.5m

Question 4

give 2 positives of the demand for men in the army/labour?

Answer 4

• unemployment disappeared by 1943

- male wage increased 80%

Question 5

who could be conscripted into war work?

Answer 5

unmarried women aged 19-30

Question 6

how many women worked in auxiliary?

Answer 6

500k

Question 7

what % of married women were working in ww2?

Answer 7

80%

Question 8

give 1 limitation of womens work during ww2?

Answer 8

rarely got 70% of mans wage

Question 9

what was a criticism of evacuation of children?

Answer 9

many were neglected by adoptive families (particularly wc children)

Question 10

how many people went to the cinema each week?

Answer 10

30m

Question 11

what was the governments key tool to get to the masses?

Answer 11

bbc

became propaganda/morale boosting source

Question 12

where was the anderson shelter placed?

Answer 12

back garden

Question 13

what was the first phase of the blitz?

Answer 13

40-42

night raids

Question 14

what was the second phase of the blitz?

Answer 14

44-45

v1/v2 rockets

Question 15

how many copies did the beveridge report sell?

Answer 15

600k

Question 16

when was the beveridge report?

Answer 16

1942

Question 17

what was the 5 giants that needed addressing according to beveridge?

Answer 17

want
sickness
lack of education
bad housing
unemployment

Question 18

what 4 revolutions to the welfare system did beveridge suggest?

Answer 18

• national ins. universal and comprehensive
• single weekly insurance for health, employment and old age pension
• end means testing
• universal national minimum benefit for everyone

Question 19

what was the leaving age increased to with the 1944 butler education act?

Answer 19

15

Question 20

give 5 parts of the welfare state for children and families?

Answer 20

• 1944 education act
• 1945 family allowance act
• 1945 housing programme
• 1946 new towns act
• 1946 town and countryside act

Question 21

outline the 1945 family allowance act?

Answer 21

5 shillings paid per child to family

Question 22

outline the 1945 housing programme?

Answer 22

1.5m homes and 250k prefabs built

Question 23

outline the 1946 new towns act?

Answer 23

new towns like stevenage around london after bombings

Question 24

outline the 1946 town and countryside act?

Answer 24

establishment of green belt

local authorities had to plan/approve future developments

Question 25

give 2 parts of the welfare state for workers?

Answer 25

1946 industrial industries act

1946 national insurance act

Question 26

outline the 1946 industrial industries act?

Answer 26

covered whole workforce and paid benefits/compensation for illness/injury whilst working

Question 27

outline the 1946 national insurance act?

Answer 27

universal

comprehensive in risks covered

Question 28

who did the 1948 national assistance act help?

Answer 28

the destitute

Question 29

outline the 1948 national assistance act?

Answer 29

• basic financial help for those who fell through benefits net
• ended poor law
• passed responsibility for poor to central gov
• forced local authorities to provide accommodation to homeless

Question 30

when was the nhs passed and when did it become effective?

Answer 30

passed 46

active 48

Question 31

who was responsible for most of the nhs?

Answer 31

A. Bevan

Question 32

what group opposed the nhs and why?

Answer 32

doctors

less money

Question 33

give 4 successes of the nhs?

Answer 33

• social groups that previously couldn’t afford healthcare now could access it (e.g. large, poor families)
• major improvements in public health
• rapidly gained public approval
• sign of the strength of british democracy and capitalism

Question 34

give 4 limitations of the nhs?

Answer 34

• nhs not unified-163 local executive councils=regional differences in services
• shortage of staff (e.g 10k dentists for 47m people)
• hospitals were in ageing buildings
• spending on nhs doubles between 48-51

Question 35

give 3 limitations of the whole welfare state?

Answer 35

• tripartite school system caused class divides
• post war finances limited house building
• benefits still low and didn’t rise with inflation