1st Page

Question 1

What is immunology?

Answer 1

The study of a host’s reactions when foreign substances are introduced into the body.

How body components respond and interact

Undesirable consequences of immune interactions

Question 2

How can the immune system be manipulated?

Answer 2

The way in which the immune system can be advantageously manipulated to protect against or treat disease.

Question 3

What is the Latin origin of the word ‘immunis’?

Answer 3

‘exempt’

Question 4

What does ‘immunitas’ mean?

Answer 4

‘Immunitas’ means freedom from.

Question 5

What does serology deal with?

Answer 5

The measurement and characterization of antibodies, antigens, and other immunological substances in body fluids or serum.

Question 6

What is the Latin origin of the word ‘sero’?

Answer 6

The Latin word ‘sero’ means serum.

Question 7

Who introduced variolation in Turkey?

Answer 7

Lady Mary Montagu in 1718.

Question 8

Who developed the smallpox vaccination?

Answer 8

Edward Jenner in 1798.

Question 9

What did Louis Pasteur contribute to immunology?

Answer 9

He developed live, attenuated chicken cholera and anthrax vaccines.

Question 10

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 10

The process by which certain cells engulf and digest pathogens.

Discovered by Haeckel in 1862

Question 11

What is the humoral theory of immunity?

Answer 11

Proposed by Emil Von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato in 1890, it involves passive immunization methods to fight disease.

Question 12

What did Jules Bordet discover?

Answer 12

He discovered ‘alexin,’ now known as complement, in 1896.

Question 13

What is the significance of the Side-Chain theory?

Answer 13

Proposed by Paul Ehrlich in 1900, it explains antibody formation.

Question 14

What phenomenon did Charles Richet, Portier discover?

Answer 14

He discovered immediate hypersensitivity anaphylaxis in 1902.

Question 15

When did Arthus discover arthus reaction if intermediate hypersensitivity

Answer 15

1903

Question 16

What did Almoth Wright show about the immune response?

Answer 16

He showed that the immune response involved both cellular and humoral elements in 1903

Question 17

What is the Template Theory of antibody formation?

Answer 17

Proposed by Friedrich Brein in1930

Question 18

What is the Clonal Selection Theory?

Answer 18

Proposed by Frank Burnet in 1957

Question 19

What are the key mediators of immunity?

Answer 19

Phagocytes and lymphocytes (PL

Question 20

What are the two essential features of the adaptive immune response?

Answer 20

Specificity and memory.

Question 21

What are antigens?

Answer 21

Molecules recognized by receptors on lymphocytes.

Question 22

What are the two phases of the immune response?

Answer 22

Antigen recognition and antigen eradication.

Question 23

What is inflammation?

Answer 23

A response to tissue damage.

Question 24

What significant milestone in immunology occurred in 1500?

Answer 24

Chinese developed a practice of inhaling powder made from smallpox cabs.

CA: Variola Cowpox CA: Vaccinia

CA: Varola, Cowpox CA: vaccinia

Question 25

What was Ellie Metchnikoff known for between 1883 and 1905?

Answer 25

Cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis

Question 26

What was the significance of the year 1885 in immunology ?

Answer 26

It marked the first report of live attenuated vaccine for rabies and therapeutic vaccination by Louis Pasteur

Question 27

What did Koch demonstrate in 1891?

Answer 27

Cutaneous (delayed-type) hypersensitivity.

Question 28

What did Clements von piquet discovered in 1903

Answer 28

Described serum sickness, first to coined the term "allergy"

Question 29

These pathogens infect individual cells (viruses)

Answer 29

Intracellular

Question 30

These pathogens divide outside cells (blood, tissues, body cavities)

Answer 30

Extracellular

Question 31

Internalize pathogens and degrade

Answer 31

Phagocytes

Question 32

Have specific receptors that recognize pathogens

Answer 32

Lymphocytes

Question 33

Cells that recognize intact Ag

Answer 33

B cells

Question 34

Cells that recognize Ag fragments displayed on surface of the cells

Answer 34

T cells

Question 35

Inflammation results into 2 what? PA

Answer 35

1. Phagocytosis 2. Ag destruction

Question 36

Who discovered the chemical structure of antibody?

Answer 36

Gerald Edelman, Paul Porter 1972

Question 37

Who devised the Prausnitz-Kustner reaction (wheal and flare)?

Answer 37

Karl Prausnitz, Heinz Kustner in 1921

Question 38

the gene directing regulatory-T-cell development

Answer 38

FOXP3

Question 39

What did Marrack discovered in 1938

Answer 39

Hypothesis of antigen-antibody binding

Question 40

When was Plasma cells were discovered to be the source of Ab

Answer 40

1948

Question 41

What did Salk, Sabin discovered in 1949?

Answer 41

Polio vaccine

Question 42

Who developed a vaccine against Yellow Fever?

Answer 42

Reed, 1951

Question 43

What technique did Rosalyn Yalow and Solomon Berson develop in 1959?

Answer 43

Radioimmunoassay technique

Question 44

What was discovered about the chemical structure of antibodies?

Answer 44

Discovered the chemical structure of antibody

Question 45

What technology did Cesar Milstein and George Kohler devise?

Answer 45

Hybridoma technology

Question 46

Who discovered the first monoclonal antibody?

Answer 46

George Kohler, 1975

Question 47

Who discover the genetic principle for antibody diversity?

Answer 47

Susumo Tonegawa, 1976

Question 48

Who discovered Th1 versus Th2 model of T-helper cell function?

Answer 48

Mosmann, 1986

Question 49

What is discovered in 1996-1998?

Answer 49

Identification of toll-like receptors (natural immunity)

Question 50

Who discovered cellular immunity in TB?

Answer 50

Robert Koch, 1905