2nd Page

Question 1

What is immunity?

Answer 1

The sum total of the defense mechanisms of the human body to resist infectious disease.

Question 2

What are the two main types of immunity?

Answer 2

Innate and Adaptive

Question 3

What is INNate Immunity?

Answer 3

Natural, Non-specific immunity.

Question 4

What is Adaptive Immunity?

Answer 4

Acquired, specific immunity.

Question 5

What are the 1st line of defense?

Answer 5

External - physical and biochemical

Question 6

What are the 2nd line of defense?

Answer 6

Internal - cellular and fluid components

Question 7

What is Cellular Immunity?

Answer 7

Involves active Ag and passive Ab

Question 8

What is Humoral Immunity?

Answer 8

Involves active Ag and passive Ab

Question 9

What are the 3rd line of defense?

Answer 9

Cellular Immunity and Humoral Immunity

Question 10

It is TLRs (toll-like receptors) (Immunity)

Answer 10

Natural

Question 11

Protection by natural means without antibody production (Immunity)

Answer 11

Natural

Question 12

Present at birth (Immunity)

Answer 12

Natural

Question 13

Have uniform response (Immunity)

Answer 13

Natural

Question 14

Lacks memory (Immunity)

Answer 14

Natural

Question 15

Rapid/ Immediate (Immunity)

Answer 15

Natural

Question 16

Have specific T and B cells (Immunity)

Answer 16

Acquired

Question 17

Have short duration (Immunity)

Answer 17

Natural

Question 18

Involves antibody production (Immunity)

Answer 18

Acquired

Question 19

Diverse response (Immunity)

Answer 19

Acquired

Question 20

Not present at birth (Immunity)

Answer 20

Acquired

Question 21

With memory (Immunity)

Answer 21

Acquired

Question 22

Long duration (Immunity)

Answer 22

Acquired

Question 23

What are under physical barriers?

Answer 23

intact skin
mucuous membrane
cilia
cough reflux

Question 24

What are under biochemical secretions?

Answer 24

lysozyme
lactic acid
sebum
earwax

Question 25

What are under cellular components in 2nd line?

Answer 25

phagocytic cells eosinophils basophils and mast cells APCs NK cells

Question 26

What are under humoral components in 2nd line?

Answer 26

Complement Cytokines Lysozymes Properdin Betalysin

Question 27

What are under cellular components in 3rd line?

Answer 27

Specialized lymphocytes T cells B cells Plasma cells APCs

Question 28

What are under humoral components in 3rd line?

Answer 28

ACC Antibodies Cytokines Complement

Question 29

What is the substance introduced in active immunity? AG

Answer 29

Antigen

Question 30

What is the substance introduced in passive immunity? PB

Answer 30

Antibody

Question 31

What is Ab production in ACTIVE immunity?

Answer 31

Done by the body

Question 32

What is Ab production in PASSIVE immunity?

Answer 32

Not done by the body

Question 33

What is the duration of immunity in Active Immunity?

Answer 33

Long term

Question 34

What is the duration of immunity in Passive Immunity?

Answer 34

Short term

Question 35

What is immunity response in Active Immunity?

Answer 35

Slow

Question 36

What is immunity response in Passive Immunity?

Answer 36

Rapid I Immediate

Question 37

What are examples of artificial active immunity?

Answer 37

1. Vaccination for smallpox 2. BCG for Mycobacterium bovis 3. Cholera vaccine 4. Toxoid for Clostridium tetani 5. Polio

Question 38

What are examples of natural active immunity?

Answer 38

Actual infection

Question 39

What are examples of natural passive immunity?

Answer 39

1. Pregnancy 2. Colostrum (rich in IgA)

Question 40

What are examples of artificial passive immunity?

Answer 40

1. Anti-rabies serum 2. Rhogam 3. HBIG (Human HBIG to prevent hepatitis B in those not actively immunized with the HepB vaccine)

Question 41

The process by which powder form of smallpox scabs or lesions was inhaled by affected individuals to produce protection against smallpox

Answer 41

Variolation

Question 42

The process by which a material from cowpox lesions was injected into individuals with smallpox to develop immunity against it

Answer 42

Vaccination

Question 43

The process by which a less infectious form of an agent is produced through heat, aging, or chemical means

Answer 43

Attenuation

Question 44

The phenomenon in which exposure to one agent produces protection against another agent

Answer 44

Cross-immunity