3rd Page

Question 1

What is the mechanism of Cellular Immunity?

Answer 1

Cell-mediated

Defense against Viral / Fungal infections (Intracellular) and Delayed Hypersensitivity.

Question 2

What is the cell type in Cellular Immunity?

Answer 2

T cell/ Lymphokines

Question 3

What is the mode of action of Cellular Immunity?

Answer 3

Direct cell-to-cell contact or secreted products (e.g. cytokine)

Question 4

What are the purpose in Cellular Immunity?

Answer 4

Defense against Viral/Fungal infections (intracellular)

Question 5

What are the remarks in Cellular Immunity?

Answer 5

Delayed Hypersensitivity

Question 6

What are the steps in Cellular Immunity?

Answer 6

1. Exposure to pathogen
2. Pathogen enters a body cell.
3. Ags of the pathogen are displayed on the infected cells.
4. Phagocyte swallows and destroys the pathogen.
5. Phagocyte displays the Ags of the pathogen.
6. Inactivated T cell binds to the APCs.
7. Proteins activate the T-cell and it divides into:
   • Memory T cell
   • Active Plasma T cell

Question 7

Proteins activate the T-cell in cellular immunity and it divides into 2:

Answer 7

• Memory T cell
• Active Plasma T cell

Question 8

What is the mechanism of Humoral Immunity?

Answer 8

Humoral-mediated

Defense against bacterial infections (Extracellular) and Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC).

Question 9

What is the mode of action of Humoral Immunity?

Answer 9

Antibodies circulating in serum

Question 10

What is the cell type in Humoral Immunity?

Answer 10

B cells / Plasma cells

Question 11

What are the steps in Humoral Immunity?

Answer 11

1. Exposure to pathogen
2. Membrane-bound Abs of B Cell will bind to the pathogen.
3. Pathogen engulfed by the B-cell and broken down.
4. Ags on the pathogen displayed on the B-cell.
5. Helper T cell binds to the Antigen-presenting B-cell.
6. Proteins activate the B-cell.
7. B-cell divides into:
   • Memory B cell
   • Active B cell

Question 12

Acute Phase Reactant: CRP

Response Time

Answer 12

6-10 hrs

Question 13

Acute Phase Reactant: Serum Amyloid A

Response Time

Answer 13

24 hrs

Question 14

Acute Phase Reactant: Alpha 1 anti-trypsin

Response Time

Answer 14

24 hrs

Question 15

Acute Phase Reactant: fibrinogen

Response Time

Answer 15

24 hrs

Question 16

Acute Phase Reactant: haptoglobin

Response Time

Answer 16

24 hrs

Question 17

Acute Phase Reactant: ceruloplasmin

Response Time

Answer 17

48-72 hrs

Question 18

Acute Phase Reactant: C3

Response Time

Answer 18

48-72 hrs

Question 19

Acute Phase Reactant: CRP

Normal values

Answer 19

0.5 mg/dL

Question 20

Acute Phase Reactant: Serum Amyloid A

Normal values

Answer 20

3.0 mg/dL

Question 21

Acute Phase Reactant: Alpha 1- anti-trypsin

Normal values

Answer 21

200-400 mg/dL

Question 22

Acute Phase Reactant: fibrinogen

Normal values

Answer 22

110-400 mg/dL

Question 23

Acute Phase Reactant: haptoglobin

Normal values

Answer 23

40-200 mg/dL

Question 24

Acute Phase Reactant: ceruloplasmin

Normal values

Answer 24

20-40 mg/dL

Question 25

Acute Phase Reactant: C3 Normal values

Answer 25

60-140 mg/dL

Question 26

Acute Phase Reactant: CRP Increase

Answer 26

1000x

Question 27

Acute Phase Reactant: Alpha 1 anti-trypsin Increase

Answer 27

2-5x

Question 28

Acute Phase Reactant: Fibrinogen Increase

Answer 28

2-5x

Question 29

Acute Phase Reactant: Haptoglobin Increase

Answer 29

2-10x

Question 30

Acute Phase Reactant: Ceruloplasmin Increase

Answer 30

2-10x

Question 31

Acute Phase Reactant: C3 Increase

Answer 31

2x

Question 32

Acute Phase Reactant: Serum Amyloid A Increase

Answer 32

1000x

Question 33

What is the function of Alpha 1 anti-trypsin?

Answer 33

It acts as a protease inhibitor. e.g. Clastase, Trypsin

Question 34

What is the function of CRP?

Answer 34

Opsonization, complement activation

Question 35

What is the function of fibrinogen?

Answer 35

It is involved in clot formation.

Question 36

What is the function of serum amyloid A?

Answer 36

removal of cholesterol

Question 37

What is the function of haptoglobin?

Answer 37

It binds hemoglobin.

Question 38

What is the function of C3?

Answer 38

Opsonization, lysis

Question 39

What is the function of ceruloplasmin?

Answer 39

It binds copper and oxidizes iron.

Question 40

What is the response time for CRP?

Answer 40

The response time is 6-10 hours.

Question 41

What is the response time for Serum Amyloid A?

Answer 41

The response time is 24 hours.

Question 42

What is the response time for Alpha 1 anti-trypsin?

Answer 42

The response time is 24 hours.

Question 43

What is the response time for fibrinogen?

Answer 43

The response time is 24 hours.

Question 44

What is the response time for haptoglobin?

Answer 44

The response time is 24 hours.

Question 45

What is the response time for ceruloplasmin?

Answer 45

The response time is 48-72 hours.

Question 46

What are the cells of the immune system in the innate category?

Answer 46

WBC in the peripheral blood: Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils, Monocytes. (NBEM) Tissue cells: Macrophages, Mast cells, Dendritic cells. (MMD)

Question 47

What are the cells of the immune system in the adaptive category?

Answer 47

T cells and B cells.

Question 48

What components are involved in adaptive immunity?

Answer 48

Antibodies B lymphocytes Plasma cells Effector T cells T lymphocytes

Question 49

What components are involved in innate immunity?

Answer 49

Epithelial barriers Phagocytes NK cells, and ILCs Dendritic cells Mast cells Microbe Complement

Question 50

What is the time frame for the response of innate immunity?

Answer 50

Hours.

Question 51

What is the purpose of Humoral Immunity?

Answer 51

Defense against bacterial infections (Extracellular)

Question 52

What is the remarks of Humoral Immunity?

Answer 52

Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Question 53

B-cell in Humoral Immunity divides into:

Answer 53

* Memory B cell * Active B cell