2- INTERGUMENTARY Flashcards by Ella Lujan

Types of Hair

Guard hair
Wool hair
Tylotrich haie
Long Hair
Bristles

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The hair type of
the fleece of sheep

Wool hairs

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large hair
follicles are rapidly adapting
mechanoreceptors

Tylotrich hair

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the long hair of the
horse –forelock, mane, tail and “feathers”
(behind the fetlock)

Long (horse) hair

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the hair coat of the pig

Bristles

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(eyelashes)

Cilia

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(hairs of the nostrils)

vibrissa

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(hair of the submandibular
region ) of the goat

Beard

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Lacks guard hairs so that the fleece is soft and curly,
made up of long fine hairs

Wool of sheep

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acquired from sheep (merino and
rambouillet)

Commercial wool

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lanolin (wool grease/wool wax)

a product of cutaneous sebaceous glands

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This animal has compound hair follicles with single
primary hair and a group of smaller
secondary hairs

Dog

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Animal that has a single hair follicle

Horses and cattle

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Animal that has single follicles grouped in clusters

Pig

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Animal that has single follicle with primary guard hair
surrounded by clusters of compound
follicles

Cat

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hoof pads or bulbs are
comparable to the digital pads of
carnivores

Ruminant

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at medial canthus of eye,
larger in rams than in ewes; used for marking

Infraorbital Pouches

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– on the midline above the hoofs between the digits of all four feet; used as trail markers

Interdigital Pouches

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near the base of the udder or scrotum

Inguinal Pouches

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Sebaceous Glands in Farm Animals:
In Goats:

caudal to the base of the horn, secretion is increased during breeding season and
especially pungent in bucks

Horn glands

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Sebaceous Glands in Farm Animals:
In goats:

two glands below the tail responsible for the bucks characteristic smell

Sub-caudal glands

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Sebaceous Glands in Farm Animals

In Pigs

on the mediopalmar aspect
of the carpus; Produce sexual pheromones,
marking the sow during mating

Carpal Glands

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Sebaceous Glands in Farm Animals (pigs)

wart-like skin eminence on the chin; has both tactile and secretory (marking) function

Mental (chin) glands

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Sebaceous Glands in Farm Animals (pigs)

in all domestic
species; in the wall of the external auditory
canal; produce “ear wax” which protects
the tympanic membrane from foreign bodies

Ceruminous glands

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only in cats; in the skin around the mouth esp the lower lip; called “cleaning glands” but functional significance is probably for marking

Circumoral/perioral glands

secretions mix with degenerated cells to form a substance called smegma in horses

Preputial glands

predominant in man ► Restricted in the footpads of carnivores, frog of the horse, nasolabial region of ruminants and swine, and carpus of pig ► Function relates to territorial markings and thermoregulation

Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands

predominates in domestic species ► Distributed throughout the skin, ducts open into hair follicles

Apocrine sweat glands

is the only farm animals that sweat readily and sweats the most (“lathering up”), cat and dog the least

Horse

Cow

► Planum nasolabiale

Planum nasale

Sheep

Planum nasale

pig (all hairless area of the nose)

are sensitive to circulating epinephrine

Equine sweat glands

is rich in protein and will foam when agitated by working muscles

Equine sweat

What does the term 'udder' designate?

The term 'udder' designates all the mammae in ruminants and the horse (sometimes in sow).

What are 'quarters' in relation to the bovine udder?

'Quarters' are the four parts of the bovine udder, each associated with one teat; all four quarters are completely separated from each other.

What is the intermammary groove?

The intermammary groove is the external indication of the separation of the two halves of the udder.

Mammary Glands – Species Differences Position : Thoracic

Man, monkey and elephants

Mammary Glands – Species Differences ► Position: ► Thoracoabdominal :

Cat

Mammary Glands – Species Differences ► Position: ►Thoracoabdominoinguinal

Dog and pig

Mammary Glands – Species Differences ► Position: ► Inguinal :

Horse and ruminant

usually 10 mammae; 5 (4-6) mammary complexes on each side separated by an intermammary groove

Bitch

8 mammae, four on each side of the ventral adominal wall

Queen

14 (10-18) mammae; seven on each side

Sow

4 mammae, Two (quarters) on each side, all bound together to form an udder

Cow

2 mammae forming a pendulous udder

Goat and sheep

2 mammae forming a small udder

Mare

extra teats may or may not be connected to primary mammary gland tissue in both male and females

Accessory teats or supernumerary teats (polythelia)

teats; usually have the same number as females

Males

– extra mammae

Polymastia

the mammary secretion in the first few days after parturition; with essential nutrients and immunoglobulins; also has laxative effect to stimulate the expulsion of the neonates first stool (meconium)

Colostrum

– inflammation of the mammary gland

Mastitis

– the complete emptying of a quarter; done before treating the infected quarter

Milking out

hoofed animals, farm animals fall in this category; Artiodactyls –. even–toed ungulates; Perisodactyls –odd–toed ungulates

Ungulates

divided into the wall, sole and frog

The horny epidermis covering the digits distal end

What is the wall of a horse's hoof?

The visible part of the standing horse's hoof.

What is the toe in relation to a horse's hoof?

The dorsal part of the wall.

What are the quarters of a horse's hoof?

The medial and lateral wall parts.

What are the heels in a horse's hoof?

The palmar/plantar aspect of the wall.

What are the bars of a horse's hoof?

The extension of the wall from the back of the foot towards the toe; seen on either side of the frog from the ground surface.

What is the sole of a horse's hoof?

A concave surface facing the ground between the frog and the walls; medial and lateral angles of the sole are located between the bars and quarters.

the wedge-shaped structure between the sole, bars and bulbs; it points towards the toe; often called the “heart of the horse foot” bec its compression forces blood out of the foot back towards the body; homologous with digital pads of other species

Frog

just proximal and palmar/plantar to the frog

Bulbs

the junction of the hoof and the skin

Coronet

junction bet wall and sole on the ground surface of foot; external indication of the sensitive internal structures; landmark in horse shoeing

White line or white zone

2- INTERGUMENTARY Flashcards

(65 cards)