8-RESPIRATORY Flashcards
(88 cards)
opens externally at the nostrils, or external nares. It communicates behind with the naso-pharynx through the posterior nares
Nasal Cavity
is common to the passage of food as well as air
Pharynx
is the organ of voice. It also regulates the passage of air to and from the lungs
The larynx
are permanently patent
conducting tubes
The trachea and bronchi
Ventilate the body
Lungs
is a cylindrical passage enclosed by all the bones of the face except the mandible
nasal cavity
project from the lateral walls and divide each half into:
dorsal nasal meatus,
Middle nasal meatus ,
ventral nasal meatus.
dorsal and ventral turbinate bones
Is the only direct passage between the nostrils and the pharynx
Ventral Nasal Meatus
Is situated between the nasal septum and turbinate bones. It is continuous laterally with the other three meatuses
Common Nasal Meatus
SPECIES DIFFERENCES
Deep in carnivores and small ruminants;
Shallow or absent in pig, ox and horse
Philtrum
SPECIES DIFFERENCES
the hairless region of the most rostral
parts of the nose; no sebaceous gland instead has numerous sweat glands that keep the nostrils moist; it has grooves and bumps that are distinctive and allow nose prints to be used for positive individual identification
Planum nasale in sheep , goat and dogs
Planum rostrale in pigs
Planum nasolabiale in cows
Absent in horses, instead covered with short, fine
hairs
PLANUM
SPECIES DIFFERENCES
The a blind-ended passage through the horse nostrils into a blind cutaneous pouch lateral to the true nasal cavity; aids in passive dilation of the nostrils during vigorous ventilation
When “tubing” a horse, a thumb placed in the diverticulum will aid in directing the tube into the ventral nasal meatus
NASAL DIVERTICULUM
SPECIES DIFFERENCES
The bone in the nose of a pig to help it “root
ROSTAL BONE
passage of nasal tube through the nasal
cavity, pharynx and esophagus to the stomack; the tube must pass through the ventral nasal meatus
TUBING
A common soft tissue conduit for food and air, lying caudal to the oral and nasal cavities.
PHARYNX
Tubes drain from the middle ear to the nasopharynx.
The pharyngotympanic, or auditory
It helps equalize the pressure within the middle ear with atmospheric pressure.
NASOPHARYNX
In horses, are paired ventral diverticulae of the eustachian (auditory) tubes
guttural pouches
is a cartilaginous valvular
apparatus which connects the pharynx and
the trachea. It has three functions:
to regulate air volume in respiration,
to prevent aspiration of foreign bodies,
to act as the organ of phonation (vocalization)
hence, its common name, voice box
LARYNX
spade shaped lies just caudal to the base of the tongue is mostly elastic cartilage; during deglutition, movements of the tongue and larynx fold the epiglottis caudad so that it covers the entrance into the larynx
Epiglottic cartilage (Epiglottis) -
signet ring shaped with
broad dorsal portion
CRICOID CARTILAGE
ventral projection to which is
attached the vocal ligament (vocal cord)
VOCAL PROCESS
lateral process; point of
insertion of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx esp. dorsal cricoarytenoideus muscle
MUSCULAR PROCESS
The rostral horn process; absent in cats
Corniculate Process
