5-Arthrology

Question 1

Types of Joints

Answer 1

– Synarthroses - fibrous
– Diarthroses - synovial
– Ampiarthroses - cartilaginous

Question 2

Joints united by fibrous tissue, cartilage or
a mixture of the two. Often termed immovable joints.

Answer 2

Synarthroses

Question 3

applied to the joints of the skull where the
adjacent margins of the bones are interlocked.

Answer 3

Sutures

Question 4

Where the uniting medium is elastic
tissue, white fibrous tissue or mixture – attachments of costal cartilages to each other. Intercarpal joints

Answer 4

Syndesmosis

Question 5

found between the tooth and the alveolar
sockets

Answer 5

Gomphosis

Question 6

cartilaginous joint”, Joints which have
both synarthrodial and diarthrodial features – intercentral vertebral joints.

Answer 6

Ampiarthroses:

Question 7

permits limited movement such as
compression, stretching and bending

Answer 7

Cartilaginous

Question 8

cartilage with fibrocartilage or a combination of two hyaline cartilage and fibrous cartilage

Answer 8

hayaline cartilage

Question 9

where the uniting medium is
cartilage - sphenoid and basilar occipital joint. Very few synchondroses are permanent. Cartilage becomes ossified making synostoses. Intersternal joints

Answer 9

Synchondrosis

Question 10

applied to joints in the median plane.
The uniting medium is generally ossified cartilage and
fibrous tissue – symphysis pelvis, mandibular joints

Answer 10

Symphysis

Question 11

“true joints”,
are those which possess
the following features:
– a synovial joint cavity
– a joint capsule with synovial membrane and synovial fluid
– Articular cartilage
– Mobility

Answer 11

Diarthroses

Question 12

Movable joints are classified on the form of the joint surfaces and
the movements which these surfaces allow. There are four chief
classes:
(1) Ginglymus - hinge joint, elbow.
(2) Arthrodia - gliding joint, intercarpals.
(3) Trochoid- pivot joint, atlanto-axial
(4) Enarthrosis - ball and socket joint, hip

Answer 12

diarthrodial joints

Question 13

– Between ramus of mandible and squamous temporal bone on
either side.
– Type: Diarthrodial
– Movements: (1) Rotation
(2) Gliding
(3) Retraction
(4) Protrusion
(5) Hinge action

Answer 13

TEMPORO-MANDIBULAR JOINT

Question 14

surfaces are rendered congruent by an
articular disc.

Answer 14

The Articular Surface

Question 15

Movable vertebrae form two separate articulations:

Answer 15

Vertebrae

Question 16

Vetebral Joints

-Between the bodies

Answer 16

Intercentral

Question 17

Vertebral Joints

-Between the articular processes

Answer 17

Interneural

Question 18

Vetebral Joints

-are imparthroses, the uniting media being ligaments and fibro cartilaginous disct

Answer 18

Intercentral articulations

Question 19

are diarthroses peculiar to Equidae. They occur between the transverse processes of 5th and 6th lumbar, and between the latter and the wings of the sacrum

Answer 19

Intertransverse Articulations

Question 20

Atlanto-occipital Joint

is diarthrodial with ginglymus
filament (movement

Answer 20

Atlanto-occipital Articulation

Question 21

Is diarthridial with trochoid filament (movement)

Answer 21

Atlanto-axial articulation

Question 22

RIBS

between the head of the rib and the two
adjacent bodies of the vertebrae

Answer 22

Costo-central

Question 23

RIBS

between the facet on the rib tubercle and
the transverse process of the vertebra of the same numbe

Answer 23

Costo-transverse

Question 24

The joints between the ribs and rib cartilage are synarthroses.
–In ox and sheep the 2nd to the 11th_________________ junctions
are diarthroses.
–In Pig the 2nd to the 5th are diarthroses

Answer 24

Costo-chondral

Question 25

–Between the cartilages of the sternal ribs and the sternum. They are diarthroses. –In the horse the 1st pair of ribs articulates in a common joint capsule. –There are two important ligaments concerned with this joint: • Internal-sternal proper • Radiate costo-sternal.

Answer 25

Chondro-sternal

Question 26

The joints between the sternal segments commence as synchondroses, becoming ossified as synostoses.

Answer 26

Intersternal

Question 27

THORACIC LIMB ARTICUALTIONS Between head of the humerus and glenoid cavity of the scapula.

Answer 27

Shoulder

Question 28

THORACIC LIMB ARTICULATIONS Between distal humerus and proximal radius and ulna. –Type: Diarthrodial –Class: Ginglymus - Hinge –Movement: Flexion and extension.

Answer 28

Elbow

Question 29

THORACIC LIMB ARTICULATIONS A composite joint between: • (1)Distal radius and ulna (only radius in the Horse) and proximal carpals. • (2)Intercarpal. • (3)Distal carpals and proximal metacarpals. –Type: Diarthrodial –Class: Ginglymus and anthrodial –Movement: Flexion and Extension between the radius and ulna and proximal carpals. The same between distal carpals

Answer 29

CARPAL

Question 30

THORACIC LIMB ARTICULATIONS Between distal metacarpals (metacarpus in the case of the Horse), proximal 1st phalanx and proximal sesamoids. –Type: Diarthrodial –Class: Ginglymus, arthrodial – hinge gliding –Movements:Flexion and extension. Gliding in the case of sesamoids.

Answer 30

FETLOCK

Question 31

THORACIC LIMB ARTICULATIONS Between distal 1st phalanx and proximal 2nd phalanx. – Type: Diarthrodial – Class: Ginglymus. Hinge – Movements: Flexion and extension (limited)

Answer 31

PASTERN

Question 32

THORACIC LIMB ARTICULATIONS Between 2nd and 3rd phalanges and navicular bone. – Type: Diarthrodial – Class: Ginglymus. hinge – Movements: Flexion and extension

Answer 32

COFFIN JOINT

Question 33

PELVIC LIMB ARTICULATIONS Between the auricular surfaces of ilium and sacrum. –Type: Diarthrodial –Class: Arthrodial Between the auricular surfaces of ilium –Movements:A small amount of gliding.

Answer 33

SACRO – ILIAC

Question 34

PELVIC LIMB ARTICULATIONS Between head of femur and acetabulum. – Type: Diarthrodial – Class: Enarthrosis – Movements: All those of a typical ball and socket joint.

Answer 34

HIP

Question 35

PELVIC LIMB ARTICULATION STIFLE –_____________between the trochlea of the femur and the patella.

Answer 35

(1) Femoro-patellar

Question 36

PELVIC LIMB ARTICULATIONS STIFLE – (2) Femoro-tibial between the condyles of the femur, proximal tibia

Answer 36

Femoro-tibial

Question 37

PELVIC LIMB ARTICULATIONS – Type: Diarthrodial – Class: Arthrodial – Movement: Gliding

Answer 37

FEMORO-PATTELAR

Question 38

PELVIC LIMB ARTICULATIONS Type: Diarthrodial – Class: Ginglymus – Movements: Flexion and extension • Points to note: The joint capsule has two synovial sacs

Answer 38

FEMORO-TIBIAL

Question 39

TIBIO-FIBULAR JOINT IN DOGS • A composite joint of three separate articulations: – Tibio-tarsal – Intertarsal, – Tarso-metatarsal • Type: Diarthrodial. • Class: Ginglymus • Movements: Flexion and extension. Other movements are negligible

Answer 39

Hock