Intro to Ungulates

Question 1

one traditional grouping of mammals,
now recognized as a paraphyletic grouping

Answer 1

Ungulata

Question 2

from Latin “ungula” (meaning hoof)

Answer 2

Ungulate

Question 3

Two major groups of living hoofed mammals:

Answer 3

• Artiodactyla (cloven-hooved mammals)
• Perissodactyla (odd-toed mammals)

Question 4

• Live in grasslands and savannahs
• Have evolved features that are adaptive for life on
open grasslands

Answer 4

Ungulates

Question 5

• The earliest known ungulate, a small insectivore-like
animal with teeth slightly adapted for grinding.

Answer 5

Protungulatum

Question 6

Order Artiodactyla

Answer 6

• Suborder Suina:
• Suborder Tylopoda:
• Suborder Ruminantia:

Question 7

pigs, peccaries & hippopotami: primitive
artiodactyls

Answer 7

Suborder Suina

Question 8

camels & llamas: intermediate
artiodactyls

Answer 8

Suborder Tylopoda

Question 9

cattle, antelopes, deer and giraffes:
advanced artiodactyls

Answer 9

Suborder Ruminantia:

Question 10

has a so-called ‘double
pulley’ whereby both the connecting surfaces allow a rolling
action giving greater freedom of movement in the ankle. Other
ungulates lack this arrangement

Answer 10

the astragalus (tarsal or ankle bone)

Question 11

The history of the horse family, _______, began
during the Eocene Epoch, which lasted from about 56 million to 33.9 million years ago.

Answer 11

Equidae

Question 12

55 Million Years Ago
EOCENE ERA

Answer 12

Eohippus

Question 13

35 Million Years Ago
OLIGOCENE ER

Answer 13

Mesohippus

Question 14

30 Million Years Ago
OLIGOCENE ERA

Answer 14

Miohippus

Question 15

20 Million Years Ago
MIOCENE ERA

Answer 15

Mercychippus

Question 16

5 Million Years Ago
PLIOCENE ERA

Answer 16

Pliohippus

Question 17

4 Million Years Ago
MODERN ERA

Answer 17

Equus

Question 18

has
a black m a n e
and tail and
black lower
legs, and
is reddish-
brown over the
rest of its body

Answer 18

Bay

Question 19

varies from
mouse colored
to sand-colored
with a dark skin. It
usually has a black
mane, tail, and legs

Answer 19

Dun

Question 20

a reddish-brown
horse with a similar
colored mane and tail

Answer 20

Chestnut

Question 21

A gold-colored
horse with a
much paler,
sometimes almost
white, mane
and tail

Answer 21

P a l o m i n o

Question 22

have white
hairs mixed with
black, bay, chesnut

Answer 22

R o a n

Question 23

Brown o r black
spots, confined to
a “blanket” on
the rump or
spread over the
whole body

Answer 23

Spotted

Question 24

The coat has large
areas of brown or
black and white.

Answer 24

Pinto

Question 25

vary from white to dark gray and can be plain, dappled (right), or flea-bitten. All have black skin

Answer 25

Gray

Question 26

is the movement of the horses’ feet and legs when the horse is in motion.

Answer 26

Gait

Question 27

slow, four-beat gait. •Each foot leaves and strikes the ground separately from the other feet. •It is the natural gait of the horse

Answer 27

Walk

Question 28

is a fast, two-beat diagonal gait. •Opposite front and hind feet leave and strike the ground at the same time

Answer 28

Trot

Question 29

is a fast, four-beat gait. • Each foot strikes the ground separately. • The feet strike the ground in the following order: • (1) one hind foot • (2) the other hind foot • (3) the diagonal front foot • (4) the other front foot.

Answer 29

Gallop

Question 30

The extended gallop is called the

Answer 30

Run

Question 31

is a slow, three-beat gait • The feet strike the ground in the following order: • (1) one hind foot • (2) the other hind foot and the diagonal front foot • (3) the other front foot

Answer 31

Canter

Question 32

A Western adaptation of a very slow canter is called

Answer 32

Lope

Question 33

is a slow, lateral, four-beat gait. • The four feet strike the ground separately. • The feet strike the ground in the following order: • (1) right hind foot • (2) right front foot • (3) left hind foot • (4) left front foot

Answer 33

Stepping pace

Question 34

is a slow, diagonal, four-beat gait • Each foot leaves and strikes the ground separately from the other feet. • The front foot strikes the ground just ahead of the diagonal hind foot. • This is a natural gait of the Tennessee Walking Hors

Answer 34

Running walk

Question 35

is a slow, short, broken trot. • The hind foot strikes the ground just ahead of the diagonal front foot.

Answer 35

Fox trot

Question 36

is a fast, even, four-beat gait. • The time between each foot striking the ground is the same. • The order of the feet striking the ground is the same as in the stepping pace

Answer 36

Rack

Question 37

is a fast, two-beat gait. •The front and hind feet on the same side leave and strike the ground at the same time. •There is a brief moment when all four feet are off the ground at the same time

Answer 37

Pace

Question 38

is a lateral movement of the horse. •It is also called the traverse or sidestep. •It is not a show gait. •The horse moves to one side without going forward or backward

Answer 38

Amble