2013 JAALAS questions Flashcards by Cassandra Cullin

What are some temperature threshold reactions in rabbits?

turning head toward thermal probe, biting probe, hopping away (52.1)

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Which drug with analgesic properties is not recommended in rabbits?

a. meloxicam
b. detomidine
c. butorphanol
d. xylazine

B- linked to myocardial necrosis

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Which of the following medications is reported to decrease sedative effects of anesthetics in rabbits?

a. buprenorphine
b. meloxicam
c. carprofen
d. morphine

d- out of AALA

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According to the AWA, a 5kg individually housed female NZW rabbit requires ___ sq feet of floor space until she has a litter, then she requires ___ sq feet.

4,6

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Pharmacokinetic data in rhesus suggests that buprenorphine should be redosed how often in this species?

q6-8hrs (52.1)

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Buprenorphine is a:

a. full mu agonist
b. partial mu agonist
c. partial mu agonist and antagonist and kappa agonist
d. full mu agonist

b. partial mu agonist

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Which of the following long-lasting antibiotics used in dogs and cats has recently been evaluated in NHPs and found to only have 12-24hrs of antibiotic activity?

a. cefovecin
b. ceftiofur
c. ceftriaxone
d. cefpoxidime

a. cefovecin

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According to the AWA, the ambient temperature of the holding area for NHP should not fall below 45F or above 85F for more than 4hrs. Which of the following is the best location to measure the ambient temperature?

a. inside the primary enclosure
b. 5 feet away from the outside of the primary enclosure at a height midway up the side of the enclosure
c. 2 feet away from the outside of the primary enclosure at a height midway up the side of the enclosure
d. with the temp probe resting on top of the primary container

c. 2 feet away from the outside of the primary enclosure at a height midway up the side of the enclosure

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Which of the following should be part of BOTH survival and nonsurvival surgeries according to the Guide?

a. clipping of the surgical site
b. use of sterile gloves
c. dedicated surgical suite
d. use of sterile instruments

a. clipping of the surgical site

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Which of the following could be considered an example of a major survival surgery?

a. vasectomy
b. percutaneous biopsy
c. femoral vein cutdown
d. joint replacement

d. joint replacement

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T/F: Carprofen is a more potent inhibitor of COX1 than COX2.

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T/F: Naloxone can reverse the effects of burprenorphine

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T/F: The 3 opioid receptors in animal brain and tissues are mu, kappa, and delta.

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What assisted reproductive techniques are used in lab mice?

superovulation, in vitro fertilization, embryo cryopreservation, embryo transfer

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Is it necessary to introduce DNA into the cells of a very early mouse embryo to produce transgenic mice?

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What conditions lead to significant leaching of lead into water from neoprene stoppers?

a. autoclaving water bottles
b. acidified water
c. autoclaved/acidified water
d. A and C
e. B and C

e. B and C (52.1)

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Acidificiation of water caused leaching of which of the following metals from neoprene stoppers?

a. cadmium
b. copper
c. selenium
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

b. copper

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An investigator is studying the immunomodulatory effects of zinc in mice. He feeds low Zn diet. Which of the following water sources would have the lowest risk of introducing a confounding variable?

a. autoclaved water
b. acidified water
c. tap water
d. any of the above

b. acidified water

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Which of the following mites are host-specific?

a. Demodex musculi
b. Myobia musculi
c. Myocoptes musculinus
d. Psorergates simplex

a. demodex musculi

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Which two species of mites are biologically and morphologically similar and can only be differentiated by looking at the tarsal terminus of the 2nd pair of legs?

a. Demodex musculi, Myobia musculi,
b. Myobia musculi, Myocoptes musculinus,
c. Psorergates simplex, Radfordia affinis,
d. Myobia musculi, Radfordia affinis

d. Myobia musculi, Radfordia affinis

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Which among these mites are nonburrowing mites?

a. Myobia musculi
b. Myocoptes musculinus,
c. Psorergates simplex
d. Radfordia affinis
e. All of the above

e. all of the above

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T/F: A recent study hypothesized that a possible explanation for the increase in HR with pentobarbital use in rats may be due to a compensatory response to reduced peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure.

T (52.1)

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What is xylazine’s MOA?

alpha 2 adrenergic agonist

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Which of the following statements is true?

a. Both medetomidine and ketamine are in the same class of drugs
b. Ketamine provides poor muscle relaxation.
c. Marked tachycardia frequently occurs after the use of alpha 2 adrenergic agonists

b. Ketamine provides poor muscle relaxation.

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The thermal method recently tested in rabbits was first validated as a method of analgesic evaluation in what species? a. Pigs b. Dogs c. Rats d. Cats e. Mice

d. cats

True/False. A recent study found that thermal antinociception may be an effective method of evaluating analgesics in other species, but does not have the potential to be a reliable mechanism in rabbits.

NSAIDs like ketorolac block the production of cyclooxygenase, which causes the disruption of prostaglandin production. Beneficial effects include which of the following: a. Decreased inflammation b. Alleviation of pain c. Decreasing clot formation d. All of the above

d. all of the above

True or False: Ketorolac has been shown to exacerbate the hearing loss associated with pneumococcal meningitis.

True or False: The hearing frequency for humans and mice is nearly identical.

Which of the following is a minipig breed? a. Yorkshire b. Hanford c. Landrace d. Duroc

B. hanford

What is the estimated blood volume per kg for an NHP?

50-60mL/kg dependent on BCS

What is one main difference in terms of reproduction between Rhesus and Cynomolgus monkeys?

``` Cynos = nonseasonal breeders, rhesus = seasonal breeders ```

_____________is the maximum voltage applied across an X-ray tube which determines the kinetic energy of the electrons accelerated in the X-ray tube which controls the resulting photographic property known as "radiographic contrast" of an X-ray image

kVp (peak kilovoltage or voltage potential)

True or False: kVP is the primary controlling factor of radiographic density

F- mAs (milliamperes/sec) is

What prognostic information is given b y the cardiothoracic ratio (CR) measurement? a. Emphysema b. Loss of pulmonary volume c. Acquired heart disease d. Altered spatial relationships

c. acquired heart disease

True or False: MPV causes clinical disease in young mice similar to MHV (mouse hepatitis virus).

F- clinically silent

True or False: MPV and MVM (minute virus of mice) cause persistent infection in infant and adult mice.

F- only MPV

True or False: MPV and MVM (minute virus of mice) cause persistent infection in infant and adult mice.

F- localized to germinal centers

Diagnosis of MPV can be made using the following method: a. MPV-specific ELISA that uses MPV VP-2 as antigen and differentiates MPV from MVM b. MAP test c. PCR d. All of the above

d. all of the above

What compound is emitted by rat pups to stimulate anogenital licking by the dam?

dodecylproprionate

What two main parts of the rodent olfactory system are triggered by airborne and fluid-phase odorants?

main olfactory epithelium (airborne), vomeronasal organ (fluid)

What hormonal effect prolongs estrus in mice in the presence of urine from a foreign pregnant or lactating female?

Hoover-Drickamer effect

Addition of a foreign male induces what hormonal effect that blocks pregnancy implantation?

Bruce effect

Housing lots of female mice together isolated from males induces what effect that results in suppressed estrus?

Lee-Boot effect

Accidental exposure of prepubescent female mice to male urine accelerates puberty in what hormonal effect?

Vandenbergh effect

Females exposed to male urine synchronize their estrus in what hormonal effect?

Whitten effect

Plant compounds that exert estrogenic effects are called waht?

Phyotestrogens

What is the major estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi in corn?

Zearalenone

What effect do diets low in phytoestrogens and metabolizable energy have on the vaginal opening time in rodents?

It delays the time to vaginal opening

How much space should a female rat and her litter receive per the Guide?

124in2

Where do trophozoites of Spironucleus muris live in mice?

Tribromoethanol results in what pathology in rodents?

Strain-dependent ileus, peritonitis, and abdominal serositis resulting in death

What catheterization technique can be used to place a urinary catheter in rabbits?

digital pressure technique

What is a possible difference in the mechanism of excretion of enrofloxacin in amphibians vs mammals?

Enrofloxacin likely metabolized mostly by kidney in amphibians; in mammals by hepatic metabolism and intestinal excretion

What three organs play a role in the production of cortisol in dogs?

hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, adrenal cortex

What are the three processes for detaching biofilms?

erosion/shearing, sloughing, or abrasion

Chlorine combined with hydrogen peroxide/peracetic acid rinse results in what toxic compound?

Chlorine dioxide

What is the unit of measure for light intensity?

luminous flux (lux)

What hormone regulates circadian rhythm? a. growth hormone b. melatonin c. corticosteroid d. thyroxin

b. melatonin

What instrument is used to measure spectral transmittence? a. spectroradiometer b. photometer c. colorimeter

b. spectroradiometer

Per the guide, what is the appropriate light intensity for maintaining most lab animals? a. 325 lux at 1m above the floor b. 325 lux at 1.5m above the floor c. 450 lux at 1m above the floor d. 450 lux at 1.5m above the floor

a. 325 lux at 1m above the floor

Which group of socially housed rats will require the most floor space to comply with the Guide? a. a female with her litter b. two male rats each weighing 510g c. three female rats each weighing 350g d. 6 recently weaned rats each weighing 70g

b. two male rats each weighing 510g

The Dahl SS rat: a. was developed from selective breeding of Long Evans rats b. has a mineralocorticoid deficiency and must be maintained on a 6-8% NaCl diet c. has low renin salt-sensitive form of diet-induced hypertension Is also known as the SS-13BN

c. has low renin salt-sensitive form of diet-induced hypertension SS-13BN is the control for Dahl rats

Which transgenic rodent production technology uses Fok1? a. chemical mutagenesis b. transposon-mediated mutagenesis c. zinc-finger nuclease technology d. none of the above

c. zinc-finger nuclease technology

How long after rodent cage change should you wait before collecting data to avoid potential confounding variables? a. 30min b. 1hr c. 24h d. 48hr

b. 1hr

How much space is required for a female mouse and her litter per the Guide?

51in2

What is the recommended dry bulb temp for laboratory rodent macroenvironment?

20-26C

What does the acronym LOAEL stand for? a. lowest observed adverse effect level b. lowest observed adverse estrogen level c. lowest observed adverse endocrine level d. lowest observed adverse environmental level

a.lowest observed adverse effect level

What is the main source of the phytoestrogens daidzin, genistein and glycitin? a. Alfalfa b. Corn or corncob bedding c. Soybean meal d. Wheat, oats, and/or barley

c.Soybean meal

Zearalenone is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by a variety of fungi belonging to what genus? a. Aspergillus b. Claviceps c. Fusarium d. Penicillium

c. Fusarium

What effect doestreatment with zearalenone had on the time of vaginal opening in mice? a. No effect on time to vaginal opening b. Increases the time to vaginal opening c. Shortens the time to vaginal opening d. Completely prevents vaginal opening and cyclicity

c.Shortens the time to vaginal opening

What type of research may be most affected by undetected infection of study animals with Spironucleus muris? a. Neurologic studies b. Safety studies c. Behavioral studies d. Immunological studies

d. immunological studies

What is another name for quantitative PCR? a. fluorescent PCR b. Flow cytometry c. real-time PCR d. reverse transcription PCR

c. real-time PCR

What is the ideal age to test mice for S. muris? a. 6-8 weeks of age b. 3-5 weeks of age c. 3-5 months of age d. 1 year or older

b.3-5 weeks of age

When would an IACUC protocol not be required for colony sentinel programs? a. If the facility only performs studies shorter than 6 weeks in length b. If the facility only houses rats and mice c. If the facility doesn’t receive NIH funding d. Any of the above could have a yes answer, under various circumstances

c.If the facility doesn’t receive NIH funding

An investigator would like to perform tail-tip biopsy in 27d old B6 mice, but does not understand why anesthesia is required for this procedure by the IACUC. What information should you relay to him? a. B6 mice have increased neurologic development and can sense more pain after 21 days of age b. Ossification of caudal tail vertebrae in mice is present after 21 days resulting in increased pain during tail biopsy c. This policy is required by the the federal regulations and cannot be approved bythe IACUC d. B6 mice have ossification of caudal tail vertebrae at 25 days of age and will experience increased pain during the procedure

b.Ossification of caudal tail vertebrae in mice is present after 21 days resulting in increased pain during tail biopsy

An investigator studying diabetes mellitus would like to perform tail tip biopsy and blood draw on mice at age of 26 days using isoflurane anesthesia, what should you recommend? a. Blood glucose can be elevated due to the anesthesia b. Blood glucose can be decreased due to the anesthesia c. Blood glucose is not affected by the anesthesia d. Blood glucose is decreased during the first 10 minutes of anesthesia then returns to normal

b.Blood glucose can be decreased due to the anesthesia

Which of the following is NOT part of the Public Health Service? a. Veterans Administration b. Indian Health Service c. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration d. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

a.Veterans Administration

According to the PHS Policy, what is the maximum length of time an assurance can be approved for by OLAW? a. Maximum 5 years b. Maximum 3 years c. Maximum 2 years d. Maximum 1 year

a.Maximum 5 years

Which of the following is an effect of cortisol on the body? a. Transient lymphocytopenia b. Decreased lymphocyte response to antigens c. Inhibition of allergic response to allergens d. All of the above e. None of the above

d.All of the above

What is the minimum floor space per animal recommended for group-housed cynomolgous macaques weighing 6 kilograms? (Guide61) a. 3.0 ft2 b. 4.3 ft2 c. 10.0 ft2 d. 15 ft2

b.4.3 ft2

Which of the following characteristics is NOT a differentiating factor between NWM and OWM? a. Ischial callosities are usually present on Old World Monkeys b. New World Monkeys generally have a broader nasal planum (platyrrhine) c. New World Monkeys attain greater body weights and therefore have increased space requirements when housed indoors d. A prehensile tail may be present in New World Monkey

c.New World Monkeys attain greater body weights and therefore have increased space requirements when housed indoors

What effect might changing the social housing of NHPs have on allergic response to a given allergen such as house dust mites? a. Decrease in allergen sensitivity during the acute stress phase b. Anaphylactic reaction to theallergen c. Increase in allergen sensitivity during the acute stress phase d. Sensitization of the animals to new allergens

a.Decrease in allergen sensitivity during the acute stress phase

What is the mechanism of action of tribromoethanol (Avertin)?

GABA agonist

A researcher brings you a rat that died suddenly post operatively for a necropsy and you find a severely distended and hemorrhagic intestinal tract. You know this researcher has some uncommon anesthetics approved on his protocol. Upon reviewing the list of approved anesthetics which of the following do you suspect he used on this rat? a. Urethane b. Chloral hydrate c. Tribromoethanol d. α-chlorulose

b.Chloral hydrate

In what year was “The Guide” first published and what was its first title? a. 1963 –“Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care” b. 1963 –“Guide for Laboratory Animal Care and Husbandry” c. 1965 –“Guide for LaboratoryAnimal Facilities and Care” d. 1965 –“Guide for Laboratory Animal Care and Husbandry

a.1963 –“Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care”

You are overseeing a population of female dogs utilized for behavioral research. One of your animal technicians calls you to discuss a 5 year-old poodle mix which has been noted for partial anorexia and a quiet attitude. A brief history review reveals that the dog has beenurinating abnormally large volumes. On physical examination, you find that the dog is lethargic and shocky. You run a CBC/Chem and find that the dog is azotemic, hyperkalemic, hyponatremic, and hypochloremic. You become suspicious that the dog has what underlying disease process? a. Diabetes mellitus b. Hyperadrenocorticism c. Hypoadrenocorticism d. Hypothyroidism

c. Hypoadrenocorticism

Your new veterinary resident would like to pursue a project studying endocrine diseases in adult wolverines in their native environment. Which of the following is an advantage of hair over other tissues when sampling cortisol levels? a. Hair can be stored for years in a -80C freezer until a sufficient population has been sampled b. Hair is indicative of more recent systemic cortisol levels than feces or saliva c. Hair isn’t affected by handling stress during sample collection d. A and C e. A and B

d.A and C

You are considering purchasing dogs from a reliable dealer for your teaching protocol. Which of the following is true about USDA Class A vs. Class B dealers?(9CFR §1.1) a. Class A dealers sell animals that are purpose-bred from a population with known history b. Class B dealers sell animals that are of known history from seedstock or show quality animals c. Class A dealers sell random-sourced animals which may have no known history d. None of the above

a.Class A dealers sell animals that are purpose-bred from a population with known history

What is the optimum temperature range for animal rooms housing dogs according to the Guide? (p. 44) a. 16-22C b. 16-27C c. 18-29C d. 20-26C

c.18-29C

Which of the following accessory sex glands is absentin rabbits? a. Vesicular gland b. Prostate gland c. Bulbourethral gland d. Coagulating gland

d. Coagulating gland

A researcher would like to use male rabbits for a project evaluating several approaches for surgical ureteral stent placement. Which statement is accurate regarding the urogenital anatomy of the rabbit? a. Rabbits have a multipapillate kidney b. The accessory sex glands are located on the ventral surface of the neck of the urinary bladder c. Ectopic glomeruli are normal in adult rabbits and may appear grossly as small renal “cysts” d. The inguinal rings close

c. Ectopic glomeruli are normal in adult rabbits and may appear grossly as small renal “cysts”

According to the AWR “not more than __ live rabbits shall be transported in the same primary enclosure.” a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 20

c. 15

According to the AWR: “If live rabbits are to be transported for a period of more than __ hours they should have access to food and water.” a. 6 b. 8 c. 10 d. 12

a. 6

An investigator wants to collect blood from Xenopus for his research.Which anesthetic agent would you recommend? a. Isoflurane b. Ketamine + Xylazine c. Tricaine methane sulfonate (MS222) d. Tribromoethanol

c.Tricaine methane sulfonate (MS222)

As per The Guide, how many adult Xenopus maybe housed in 20 liters of water? a. 1 b. 5 c. 20 d. 10

d. 10

A frog was presented with petechial hemorrhage and ulceration of the skin particularly on the legs and abdomen. What would be the possible cause and how would you treat? a. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Kanamycin b. Proteus mirabilis and Ampicillin c. Aeromonas hydrophila and Tetracycline

c.Aeromonas hydrophila and Tetracycline

What is the typical primary composition of the biofilm matrix structure? a. Erythrocytes and fibrin b. Soil particles c. Minerals d. Polysaccharides

d.Polysaccharides

What is the primary therapeutic problem is created by biofilm development in vivo? a. Disruption of normal body structures b. Bacterial antibiotic resistance c. Release of toxic bacterial components d. Halitosis

c.Release of toxic bacterial components

What is the most common bacterial component in a biofilm? a. Staph aureus b. Sphingomonas paucimobilis c. Pseudomonas aeruginosa d. Streptococcus pnuemoniae e. It depends on where the biofilm is located

e.It depends on where the biofilm is located

What does the Guide say about water quality? a. Bacterial levels must be less than 1 cfu/ml of H20 at the point where the animal drinks b. Bacterial levels must be less than 100cfu/ml H20 when sampled anywhere in the system c. Bacterial levels must be less than 500 cfu/ml of H20 at the point where the animal drinks d. Water must be clean

c.Water must be clean

In the B6.129P2CfTR1UNC/J strain of mouse, which of the following is true? a. 129 is the donor strain b. This strain has been backcrossed <5xto the C57BL6 background c. This is a conplastic strain of mouse d. Embryonic stem cells from a C57BL6 strain were likely used to make this transgenic mouse

a.129 is the donor strain

Mice have what type of placentation? a. Epitheliochorial b. Endotheliochorial c. Hemochorial d. Marginal placentation

c. Hemochorial

According to The Guide, what decibel level is reported to have negative impact on rodent fertility? a. 60 b. 65 c. 70 d. 75 e. none of the above

b.65

According to The Guide, what is an acceptable amount of air changes per hour to maintain appropriate macroenvironmental air quality in rodent facilities? a. 5 b. 8 c. 13 d. 25

b.8

OSHA requires a monitoring program when employees are exposed to what minimum level of decibels? a. 8 hr time weighted average of 65 decibels b. 4hr time weighed average of 70 decibels c. 8hr time weighted average of 75 decibels d. 8hr time weighted average of 85 decibels

d.8hr time weighted average of 85 decibels

At which step in the RAS system does an ACE inhibitor have its effect? a. Blocks renin release from the juxtaglomerular cells in the kidney b. Blocks angiotensinogen from becoming angiotensin I c. Blocks angiotensin I from becoming angiotensin II d. Binds aldosterone and increases plasma sodium concentrations

c.Blocks angiotensin I from becoming angiotensin II

What color is the CD1 mouse?

albino

What does the “Guide” state about the use of food or fluid restriction? a. There is no specific mention of food or fluid restriction in the “Guide” b. If food and fluid restriction is to be used, animals should be closely monitored to ensure intake covers nutritional needs c. If food and fluid restriction is to be used, animals must be closely monitored to ensure intake covers nutritional needs d. The greatest tolerable restriction should be used to gain clear differences in results to reduce the number of animals needed to achieve statistical significance.

b.If food and fluid restriction is to be used, animals should be closely monitored to ensure intake covers nutritional needs

According to the “Guide”,no more than how many members should be from the same administrative unit or department. a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

b.3

What is true about Rhesus macaques? a. Seasonal breeder b. Gestation period is 164 days c. Menstrual cycle is 28 days d. All of the above

d.All of the above

Captive nonhuman primates should be protected from temperature extremes of less than 45F and greater than 85F for more than ------------consecutive hours. a. 2 b. 4 c. 3 d. 8

b.4

An investigator would like to import primates from Asia. How long at minimum you must quarantine the newly imported primates? a. 21 days in CDC registered primate import facility b. 31 days in CDC registered primate import facility c. 61 days in CDC registered primate import facility d. 91 days in CDC registered primate import facility

b.31 days in CDC registered primate import facility

Fun fact: Stump tailed macaques show balding on the top of their heads as they age and were used to test early formulations of Rogaine. What is the scientific name of the stump tail macaque? a. M. arctoides b. M. nemestrina c. M. fascicularis d. M. mulatta

a M. arctoides

An investigatorwishes to infect mice with a recently characterized exotic viral agent that is known to present a potential for aerosol transmission and may cause serious or lethal disease in untreated humans (treatment is available). This would be consisted with which biosafety precautions? a. ABSL1 b. ABSL 2 c. ABSL 3 d. ABSL 4

c. ABSL 3

Per the Guide “Single housing of social species should be the exception.” Which statement regarding single housing of social animals is incorrect? a. Exceptions should be justified based on experimental requirements or veterinary-related concerns about animal well-being b. Where possible, visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile contact with compatible conspecifics should be provided c. It should be limited to the minimum period necessary d. The need for single housing should be reviewed on a regular basis by the investigator

d. The need for single housing should be reviewed on a regular basis by the investigator

Was lime sulfur dip found to be an effective treatment for fur mites in this study? a. Yes b. No

b. No

What is the preferred treatment for fur mites in mice? a. Lime Sulfur dip b. Avermectins c. Organophosphates d. Permethrins

b.Avermectins

What type of mice have a 25% chance of a mutation that causes susceptibility to ivermectin toxicity? a. CF-1 b. C57BL/6 c. RasH2 d. Nude mice

a.CF-1

What is the formal nomenclature for CF-1 mice?a.Crl:CF-1 b. CF1/Crl c. Crl:CF1-Foxn1nu

b.CF1/Crl

What is the primary published application for lime sulfur dips? a. Pinworms b. Demodecosis c. Fleas d. Tapeworms

b. demodecosis

What does the guide say about an institutional occupational health and safety program? a. Requirement for an OHSP is based on the level of toxicity expected in the facility b. Operational and day to day responsibility for safety in the facility resides with the lab or facility supervisor, e.g. the PI, facility director, or staff veterinarian c. Use of PPE is dictated by federal regulation d. Reporting of “near miss” events to the safety committee is not required

b.Operational and day to day responsibility for safety in the facility resides with the lab or facility supervisor, e.g. the PI, facility director, or staff veterinarian

Which of the following is false regarding malignant hyperthermia in swine? a. Yorkshire pigs are one of the at risk breeds b. It is transmitted as an autosomal recessive gene c. The first cardinal sign is an increase in ETCO2 d. The ryanodine receptor gene has been linked to the condition e. All of the above are true

b.It is transmitted as an autosomal recessive gene

Which of the following is false regarding opioid analgesia? a. Butorphanol lasts 2 hours in swine b. Pentazocine is a partial agonist c. Unlike mu and delta receptors, kappa receptors are predominantly in the spinal cord d. Buprenorphine can have antagonistic effects at kappa receptors

a.Butorphanol lasts 2 hours in swine

According to the AWR, which of the following is false regarding primary enclosures used during transport of live animals? a. Ventilation openings must be provided on all four walls of the primary enclosure if not permanently affixed to the conveyance b. Ventilation on all 4 walls must be at minimum 8% of the total area of each wall c. Exterior projecting rims should allow for 1.9cm of space to prevent nearby cargo from blocking ventilation d. Primary enclosures permanently affixed to the conveyance with one wall providing ventilation shall have at minimum 90% of surface area providing ventilation

a.Ventilation openings must be provided on all four walls of the primary enclosure if not permanently affixed to the conveyance

For outdoor facilities, perimeter fences have which of the following requirements? a. Potentially dangerous animals require a fence 8ft or taller b. No matter what type of animals are present at the facility, the fence must be 8ft or taller c. Animals considered non-dangerous require a fence of minimum 5ft height. d. Perimeter fences are not required for facilities built prior to 2004

a.Potentially dangerous animals require a fence 8ft or taller

What does the acronym pfu stand for in terms of viral load? a. Particle forming unit b. Plaque forming unit c. Particle functioning unit d. Promoter functional unit

b.Plaque forming unit

How can viral latency be defined? a. Absence of any detectable virus b. Absence of any detectable proteins of the lytic viral replication cycle c. Absence of any detectable viral transcripts d. All of the above

d.All of the above

For the HSV-1 the LAT notation describes either the wild-type (LAT+) or a deletion (LAT-) of the LAT gene for this virus. What effect does this gene provide when activated? a. Preventing apoptosis of host cells b. It is a virulence gene and determines host fatality rates c. No effect on the host, just used to screen for Herpes types

a.Preventing apoptosis of host cells

According to the Guide, which of the following terms describes “the application of professional judgment by qualified, experienced individuals to a task or process over time, an approach that has been demonstrated to benefit or enhance animal care and use”? a. Performance standard b. Practice standard c. Engineering standard d. None of the above.

b.Practice standard

What family is lactate-dehydrogenase-elevating virus from?

Arteriviridae

What are the symptoms of LDV in mice?

elevation of LDH, paralysis in AKR and C58 mice

.AKR and C58 mouse strains are primarily used to study what disease process? a. osteosarcoma b. clotting factor VIII deficiency (hemophilia A) c. leukemia d. Trypanosoma brucei (sleeping sickness)

c.leukemia

2. What type of sentinel program is most likely to detect LDV in an inbred colony of mice? a. Dirty bedding sentinels b. Direct contact sentinels age-matched to the study animals c. Direct contact sentinels of 3-8 weeks of age d. Detection of this disease is not required, as it has no effect on the animal

c.Direct contact sentinels of 3-8 weeks of age

You are looking at a stained slide from an epithelial-origin neoplasm in a rat. You would like to determine whether there is malignant transformation of the cells. Which of the following lists criteria of malignancy you should note? a. Macrocytosis, multinucleation, prominent nucleoli, lack of cellular cohesion b. Macrocytosis, well-differentiated cells, low N:C ratio c. Microcytosis, low N:C ratio, low slide cellularity d. Normocytosis, low N:C ratio, cohesive clusters of cells

a.Macrocytosis, multinucleation, prominent nucleoli, lack of cellular cohesion

You are collaborating with an academic institution in Nebraska to study a disease using a mouse model housed there. Both institutions have PHS assurances on file and are AALAC-accredited. According to PHS policy, which IACUC should review the protocol? a. Nebraska’s IACUC should review it since the mice are housed there. b. Your institution should review it since you are the grant recipient and will be funding the experiment. c. PHS policy stipulates that both IACUCs must review theprotocol. d. Which IACUC reviews the protocol is at the discretion of the collaborating institutions.

d.Which IACUC reviews the protocol is at the discretion of the collaborating institutions.

Why are Dorset sheep a good model for CHF induced by cardiac infarct?

(1) comparable heart anatomy/size to humans, (2) lack of collateral circulation in the coronary vasculature

What medication should be included in surgical procedures that induce myocardial infarction in sheep to reduce the incidence of life-threatening arrhythmias?

amiodarone and algorithm for anti-arrhythmia therapies (lidocaine, metoprolol)

The mechanism of action of the anti-arrhythmic drug amiodarone is a. Blockade of activated sodium channels b. Blockade of inactivated sodium channels c. Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptor d. Blockade of potassium channels

d.Blockade of potassium channels

An investigator would like to study glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in sheep. Which breed of sheep would you recommend? a. Corriedale b. Southdown c. Dorset d. Suffolk

c.Dorset

How long can animals be kept at a temperature of 80F at a terminal holding facility? a. Not more than 8hrs b. Not more than 6 hrs c. Not more than 4 hrs d. Not more than 12hrs

c.Not more than 4 hrs (cutoff for terminal holding facilities is 75F)

An investigator would like use sheep as survival surgical model for his project and would like to do myocardial infarction, renal artery ligation and liver trauma on a single sheep. He submits separate protocols for each surgery to the IACUC for approval. According to The Guide, what is needed for the IACUC to approve this protocol? a. Including all the procedures in a single research project or protocol b. Scientific justification c. Necessary for clinical reason d. .IO must submit a request to the USDA/APHIS and receive approval

d..IO must submit a request to the USDA/APHIS and receive approval

Pinworms have been detected in a vivarium that houses mice for autoimmunity and allergy research. Fenbendazole treatment to address the pinworms will likely: a. Accelerate the onset of diabetes in NOD mice b. Delay the onset of diabetes in NOD mice c. Affect the onset and disease severity of murine experimental encephalitis d. Have no effect on a mouse model of asthma

c. Affect the onset and disease severity of murine experimental encephalitis

(NZB x NZW)F1 mice are models of what autoimmune disease: a. Systemic lupus erythematosus b. Rheumatoid arthritis c. Myasthenia gravis d. Type I diabetes

a. Systemic lupus erythematosus

OK, smarty pants, which of the following is characteristic of the autoimmune disease modeled by the NZBxNZW F1 mice? a. Glomerulonephritis b. Splenic necrosis c. Disease onset occurs by 6 weeks of age d. The disease is more severe in male mice

a. Glomerulonephritis

An investigator’s autoimmune disease developing mouse has reached one of its humane endpointsand is going to be euthanized. According to the Guide, “Death must be confirmed by... a. A secondary method if inhalant agents are used b. A secondary method (regardless of primary euthanasia method) c. Personnel trained to recognize cessation of vital signs d. A veterinarian or their designee

c. Personnel trained to recognize cessation of vital signs

The Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) book is put out by: a. The National Research Council, The National Academies b. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health c. Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare, National Institutes of Health d. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture

b. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health

When inspecting NHP for a health certificate, how recently must the veterinarian have inspected the animal according to the AWR? a. Within 14 days b. Within 7 days c. Within 10 days d. Within 24 hours

c.Within 10 days

While managing a rhesus macaque with a cranial implant, you note that your TA thermometer reading of the right auricular artery is 38.5C (101.3F)while the patient is sedated. His temperature during prior examinations has averaged 37.5C (99.5F). What is the appropriate next step? a. Change sides and take another reading, as the right auricular artery is known to record higher temperatures than the left b. Shake the TA probe, tap it a few times, and take another reading on the right side. c. Take a rectal temperature to verify the animal has a fever, as you know that rectal thermometers read about 1.5C higher than a TA probe. d. This reading is within normal limits.

c.Take a rectal temperature to verify the animal has a fever, as you know that rectal thermometers read about 1.5C higher than a TA probe.

1. Which of the following is the correct scientific name for the zebra finch? a. Taeniopygia bichenovii b. Poephila personata c. Poephila cincta d. Taeniopygia guttata

d.Taeniopygia guttata

A researcher wants to be able to exogenously control melatonin levels in a pigeons for a circadian rhythm study. Surgical excision of what gland or tissue would eliminate most of the endogenous melatonin? a. Adrenal gland b. Pituitary gland c. Pineal gland d. Hypothalmus

c.Pineal gland

What three species of birds arespecifically listed in the Guide concerning space recommendations? a. Taeniopygia guttata, Columba livia, Gallus domesticus b. Columba livia, Coturnix coturnix, Gallus domesticus c. Meleagris gallopavo, Gallus domesticus, Columba livia d. Taeniopygia guttata, Trachemys scripta elegans, Coturnix coturnix

b.Columba livia, Coturnix coturnix, Gallus domesticus

In the same table as described above in the Guide, what is the appropriate minimum height of an enclosure listed for a chicken that weighs 3 kgs? a. 12 inches b. 18 inches c. 24 inches d. None of the above

d.None of the above

The primary purpose of bile acids is: a. Promote the absorption of water soluble vitamins from the intestine b. Facilitate the excretion of cholesterol and intestinal absorption of dietary fats. c. Facilitate the excretion of dietary fats and the intestinal absorption of cholesterol. d. To digest the bile.

b.Facilitate the excretion of cholesterol and intestinal absorption of dietary fats.

After being secreted by the gall bladder, bile acids are: a. Primarily excreted by the kidneys b. Primarily re-absorbed by the duodenum and reconjugated in the liver c. Primarily reabsorbed by the ileum and reconjugated in the liver d. Primarily excreted in the stool

c.Primarily reabsorbed by the ileum and reconjugated in the liver

Which combination of abnormal standard chemistry results is most indicative of likely cholestasis? a. Elevated ALT, AST,and hypoalbuminemia b. Elevated AST and CK c. Elevated AlkPhos and GGT d. Elevated Alkphos and Calcium

c.Elevated AlkPhos and GGT

Which of the below surgeries would be considered “major surgery” by theUSDA? a. Wedge biopsy of the liver via laparatomy b. Foot amputation c. Implantation of an abdominal telemetry device if less than 3” in diameter d. Implantation of a subcutaneous telemetry device if greater than 5” in diameter e. Creation of a “pericardial window” to alleviate pericardial fluid buildup f. Placement of an intraventricular catheter g. All of the above

g.All of the above

An investigator’s protocol describes research on ultraradian rhythms in woodchucks. What is the frequency of rhythm to be studied? a. 24hrs b. 12hrs c. 36hrs d. 1 year

b.12hrs | if >24hrs, becomes infraradian rhythm

.A rack of mice need to be maintained in darkness for research purposes, what wavelength of light could be used in the room to aid husbandry staff? a. 350nm b. 450nm c. 550nm d. 650nm

d.650nm

The Health Research Extension Act requires what members for the IACUC? a. “One individual with no association with such entity” b. “One practicing scientist...” c. Not < 5 members d. “One member whose primary concerns are nonscientific”

a.“One individual with no association with such entity” PHS policy based on this requires the others

According to the Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, containment and life support systems in a BSL4 facility must be inspected with documentation how often? (pg 49) a. Daily b. Weekly c. Monthly d. Semi-annually

a.Daily, before lab work starts

According to BMBL, which of the following is true regarding BSL4 laboratory safety guidelines?(pg 59) a. All procedures must be performed in ClassIII BSC b. Class I or II BSC can be used under certain circumstances c. Employees should shower in and shower out of the facility d. Fully body positive pressure suits must be worn regardless of the BSC that is being used

b.Class I or II BSC can be used under certain circumstances If Class III cabinet is not used, then a positive pressure suit must be worn. Facilities are recommended to be shower out, not necessarily shower in

What is the correct sequence of hair growth stages? a. Anagen, Catagen,Telogen b. Catagen,Telogen, Anagen c. Anagen, Telogen, Catagen d. Catagen Anagen, ,Telogen

a.Anagen, Catagen,Telogen

Hair-pulling is a behavioral problem in NHP and a similar condition in human is called a. Trichomania b. Trichotillomania c. Trichobezoar d. Hypomania

b.Trichotillomania

You see a monkey with diffuse alopecia, and the histopathology of a skin biopsy shows peri-and intra follicular infiltration of T-lymphocytes and macrophages. This condition is called a. Telogen effluvium b. Alopecia areata c. Androgenetic alopecia d. Lupus erythematosis

b.Alopecia areata

An investigator submits a protocol to use NHP in his study and he would like to restrain the animals in a restrainer for a long period (more than 12hrs). According to AWR, the NHP must be provided the opportunity daily for unrestrained activity for at least -------continuous hour during the period of restraint. a. 0.5 h b. 1 h c. 1.5 h d. 2 h

b.1 h

According to AWR, carriers and intermediate handlers must not accept a NHP for transport in commerce more than -----hrs before the scheduled departure time of the primary conveyance. a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 6

c.4

Which of these is an isoflavone? a. Diadzein b. Glycerin c. Diacetozein d. Eurfacein

a. Diadzein | Also genistein, glycetin, all found in soy products and are considered phytoestrogens

CITES is enforced by: a. The CDC b. The Department of Interior c. US Public Health Service d. The FDA

b. The Department of Interior

The Lacey Act... a. Is enforced by the US Public Health Service b. Reclassified wild chimpanzees and pygmy chimpanzees from threatened to endangered c. Regulates the transportation of wild mammals and birds imported into the US d. Supersedes the CITES treaty

c. Regulates the transportation of wild mammals and birds imported into the US

Examples of Old World monkeys include... a. Callithrix jacchus and Macaca nigra b. Cerocebus atys and Cebus capucinus c. Aotus trivergatus and Papio Anubis d. Chlorocebus aethiopsand Macaca nemestrina

d. Chlorocebus aethiops and Macaca nemestrina

Which of the following changes are induced in Chlorocebus aethiops after feeding a Western diet? a. Hypercholesterolemia b. increased abdominal obesity c. Increased fecal output d. Increased body weight

a. Hypercholesterolemia

What schedule is dexmeditomidine? a. II b. III c. V d. None of the above

d.None of the above

Which of the following is not a potential effect of dexmedetomidine administration for anesthesia a. bradycardia b. hyperglycemia c. hypothermia d. transient hypotension

d.transient hypotension

Although the 2011 Guide does not give a specific maximum for the percent of recycled air that should be used in animal holding rooms, what should the maximum percent be according to AAALAC? a. 10 b. 25 c. 50 d. 60

c.50

What is the ATCC? a. Acanthosis-Thromboembolic Cachexia Complex b. American Tissue Culture Collection c. American Time-warner Cable Company d. Acanthotic Thymus Contamination Collection

b.American Tissue Culture Collection

You are the new AV of aresearch facility which solely houses mice in a barrierwhich has a PHS assurance. Your second week of work, you arrive to find a courier waiting with a shipment of Mus musculus mice from the Grand University of the Bermuda Triangle, a local institution which receives NIH funding. Unfortunately, when you open the van, the temperature controls have failed during transport, and all of the mice are dead. To which regulatory agency should this incident be reported, and who should report it? a. GUBT should report this to the USDA b. Your institution should report this to the USDA c. GUBT should report this to OLAW d. Your institution should report this to OLAW

c.GUBT should report this to OLAW

Which of the following clinical signs is attributable to Corynebacterium bovisinfections in mice? a. Torticollis b. Cyanosis of distal extremities c. Acanthosis of the stratum basale of the skin d. Aand B e. A and C

c.Acanthosis of the stratum basale of the skin

Deficiency of what immune system component results in prolonged shedding due to MPV in mice? a. T cell b. B cell c. Type II interferon d. none of the above

b. B cell

What is the current recommendation for high level (e.g. room screen) testing for MPV? a. Fecal PCR b. Serology c. Environmental swab for PCR d. DNA isolation from the mesenteric LNs

c.Environmental swab for PCR | not sure this is right- a+ b should be

Which mice are known to be more resistant to MPV? a. BALB b. B6 c. Swiss Webster d. Rag

b.B6

Which mice are the most common background for genetically engineered mice? a. B6 b. CD-1 c. Athymic Nude d. Swiss Webster

a.B6

Which of the following mice would be the preferred sentinels for MPV? a. B6 b. CD-1 c. Swiss Webster mice d. Rag mice

b. CD-1 | not sure of source for this Q

Which regulatory/oversight body(ies) insist(s) that a sentinel program be in place for mouse colonies? a. CDC b. FDA c. USDA d. OLAW e. AAALAC

B, D, E FDA-->w GLP OLAW--> w NIH funding AAALAC --> w accreditation

An investigator has a feline ocular disease model that has a high risk of retinal detachment that is exacerbated by increases in IOP. They should avoid single agent dosing of this drug. a. Xylazine b. Ketamine c. Proparacaine d. Detomidine

b. Ketamine

The annualreport to USDA/APHIS is due what day of each year? a. April 1 b. June 1 c. October 1 d. December 1

d. December 1

Which dog would NOT be exempt from the AWR exercise requirement? a. A 16 week old puppy b. A bitch with a 2 week old litter c. An individually housed adult dog in an enclosure which provides 2x the required floor space d. A pair of adult hounds in an enclosure which provides the required space for both

a. A 16 week old puppy

What type of virus is mouse parvovirus?

nonenveloped DNA virus, family parvoviridae, species rodent protoparvovirus 1

How do you differentiate between MVM and MPV in mice?

``` MVM= no persistent infection, MPV = persistent infection ```

Mouse parvovirus’s major tropism sites donot include which of the following cells? (Percy &Barthold Mouse Chapter) a. Hematopoetic cells b. Lymphoreticular cells c. Endothelial cells d. Intestinal crypt cells

a.Hematopoetic cells

Mouse Parvovirus is included in which category of the Klein-DeForest Scheme for Viral Sensitivity to Disinfectants? (Blue Book Chap 10) a. A b. B c. C d. D

b. B- slight sensitivity to disinfection

What is considered the gold standard for diagnosing mouse parvo virus? (Percy & Barthold) a. Serology b. Fecal PCR c. Mesenteric lymph node PCR d. Spleen PCR

c.Mesenteric lymph node PCR

Which of the following viruses cannot be eradicated using rederivation? (Percy & Barthold) a. Mouse norovirus b. Lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus c. Mouse polyoma virus d. Mouse adenovirus 1

b.Lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus | transmitted in utero if viremia in dam

In terms of the electrical activity of heart, which one of the following is correct? a. P wave –atrial depolarization b. QRS complex –ventricular depolarization c. T wave –ventricular repolarization d. All the above

d.All the above

What is QT interval? a. Ventricular depolarization b. Ventricular repolarization c. Ventricular depolarization and repolarization d. Atrial depolarization and repolarization

c.Ventricular depolarization and repolarization

Prolonged QT interval could lead to a. Cardiac failure b. Ventricular arrhythmia c. Tachycardia d. Bradycardia

b.Ventricular arrhythmia

According to AWR, which is false for federal research facilities a. IACUC shall be composed of at least 3 members b. IACUC reports deficiencies to APHIS c. IACUC inspects at least once every six month animal facility, including animal study area. d. IACUC submits reports to the institutional official of the research facility

b. IACUC reports deficiencies to APHIS They actually report to the head of the federal agency

During semiannual IACUC inspection, a significant deficiency was identified and the report included a plan and schedule with date for correcting the deficiency. However, the deficiency was not corrected as per the report. In this scenario, within how many business days, APHIS needs to be informed about the failure to adhere to the plan and scheduled date? a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 30

c. 15

The BALB/c mouse is known for the following: a) Production of plasmacytomas with injection of mineral oil, allowing monoclonal Ab production b) Low incidence of mammary tumors c) Being good breeders d) High levels of anxiety e) Resistance to diet induced atherosclerosis f) All of the above except b g) All of the above

g)All of the above

BALB/cByJmice have the following provenance: a. This strain was created at the Jackson lab b. This strain was created at Charles River, then sent to Jackson Labs c. Originally obtained from a mouse dealer in 1913, this strain was sent by George Snell to UCSF, and then later returned to the Jackson Labs. d. Originally obtained from a mouse dealer in 1913, this strain was sent by DW Bailey to UCSF, and then later returned to the Jackson Labs. e. This is a direct descendent of Rattus norwegicus

d.Originally obtained from a mouse dealer in 1913, this strain was sent by DW Bailey to UCSF, and then later returned to the Jackson Labs.

You are a contract research organization that houses both primates and rodents. You have an assurance with OLAW that states the species housed, numbers of animals, and that no research occurring within the facility has been financed using NIH funding for the past 5 years. Do you need to have IACUC review the rodent protocols? a. Yes b. Yes, if the facility is AAALAC accredited c. No

b.Yes, if the facility is AAALAC accredited

Scientific review for merit of a protocol is: a. Required to be performed by the IACUC committee b. Required to be evaluated with regard to animal use and welfare by the committee c. Not required to be evaluated as part of the protocol d. Typically performed via peer review prior to IACUC review e. B and D

e.B and D

Defined acupuncture points on the body coincide with what anatomic features? a. Neurovascular bundles b. Blood plexuses c. Motor endplate zones d. All of the above

d.All of the above

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement training? a. Pulling the squeeze mechanism on a cage partially to encourage the primate to come to the front of the cage b. Pulling the squeeze mechanism on a cage partially to encourage the primate to come to the front of the cage followed by a food reward while at the front of the cage c. Stating “good job” after an animal approaches the front of the cage to take a treat from an observer. d. Placing an animal in a restraint chair for the first time, with no previous training, and providing food rewards and saying “good job”

c.Stating “good job” after an animal approaches the front of the cage to take a treat from an observer.

Which of the following established the federal chimpanzee sanctuary system? a. Great Ape Protection Act b. CHIMP Act c. Endangered Species Act d. Animal Welfare Act e. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

b.CHIMP Act

Recent recommendations from NIH regarding chimpanzees in research involve maintaininghow manyfor future research? a. Up to 100 b. Up to 75 c. Up to 50 d. Up to 30

c.Up to 50

When was the breeding moratorium initiated for NIH funded chimpanzees? a. 1985 b. 1989 c. 1992 d. 1995 e. 2000

d. 1995

A 25yr old male chimpanzee is found dead in his enclosure, what is the most likely cause? a. Ruptured aortic aneurysm b. Brain hemorrhage c. Myocardial fibrosis d. Severe hypoglycemia leading to coma/death

c.Myocardial fibrosis

Yay, Stats! Everyone’s favorite! A Bonferroni correction is used for... a. Reducing false positives when performing multiple comparisons b. Reducing false negatives when performing multiple comparisons c. Reducing false positives when variance within experimental groups is high d. Reducing false negatives when variance within experimental groups is high e. Unburning poorly cooked Rice-o-Roni

a. Reducing false positives when performing multiple comparisons

Which intervention is most likely to prevent or reduceabnormal behavior, including SIB, in macaques? a. Additional foraging enrichment b. Larger than standard cage size c. Lavender aroma therapy d. Pair housing

d. Pair housing

You encounter a macaque that is self-scratching, yawning, body shaking, and teeth grinding when human observers are present although this behavior is not seen when the animal is videotaped. The bestinterpretation for these actions is... a. Aggression-and threat-related behaviors b. Anxiety-or tension-related behaviors c. Excitement-and play-related behaviors d. Courtship-related behaviors e. Possession, this monkey needs an exorcism STAT

b. Anxiety-or tension-related behaviors

As a studious resident you are going back over some lecture notes about NHPs. You see that you made a note about veterinary exemptions for the environmental enrichment plan, which includes exemptions for social housing, must be reviewed by the AV at least every 30 days. You know the speaker was referencing one of our beloved regulatory docs, but which one? a. AWA b. AWR c. The Guide d. PHS Policy

b. AWR

You have a new professor that wishesto establish a teaching herd of Angora goats at your land-grant university. In keeping with the recommendations in the Ag Guide, you advise that: a. Tail docking of kids should occur before 2 weeks of age b. Disbudding of horns should be performed after 2months of age c. Mulesing is recommended to prevent fly strike in wool bearing goats d. Castration of bucks may be performed by application of rubber rings, crushing of the spermatic cord with an emasculator, or surgical castration

d. Castration of bucks may be performed by application of rubber rings, crushing of the spermatic cord with an emasculator, or surgical castration

You have performed necropsy for a rabbit and found that the lungs are enlarged with multiple infarcts. You are suspecting aspergillosis. Which one of the following culture media would you useto identify the organism? a. MacConkey agar b. Mannitol salt agar c. Sabouraud glucose agar d. Blood agar

c.Sabouraud glucose agar

An investigator would like to evaluate a panel of drugs for the treatment of A. fumigatus. Which animal model would be useful for this study? a. Lymphopenic rabbit b. Neutropenic rabbit c. Eosinopenic rabbit d. NK cell deficient rabbit

b.Neutropenic rabbit

Rabbit lungs consist of -------------lobes a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6

d.6

Which is true about BSL-2? a. Laboratory personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic agents b. Access to the laboratory is restricted when work is being conducted c. All procedures in which infectious aerosols or splashes may be created are conducted in BSCs or other physical containment equipment d. All the above

d.All the above

According to AWR, the primary enclosure for rabbits shall be sanitized at least once every ----days and by washing them with --- degrees F hot water and soap or detergent. a. 15 days and 140F b. 30days and 140F c. 15 days and 180F d. 30 days and 180F

d.30 days and 1800F

Which of the following are intermediate hosts for Toxoplasma gondii? a. Rodents b. Birds c. Cats d. A and B e. A and C

d.A and B

How much time does it take for T. gondii oocyts to become infective in the environment after passing? a. 6-24 hours b. 24-120 hours c. 120-168 hours d. 168-336 hours

b.24-120 hours

According to the Guide what must a research institution do concerning environmental enrichment programs? a. Must be reviewed by the IACUC, researchers, and veterinarian on a regular basis to ensure they are beneficial b. Must be updated as needed to reflect the current knowledge c. Must provide training to those responsible for animal care in order to appropriately monitor the effects of enrichment d. There are no must statements within the environmental enrichment section of the Guide

d.There are no must statements within the environmental enrichment section of the Guide

According to AAALAC’s FAQs website, how does it view client owned animals used in research projects especially through a veterinary school? a. They are not considered part of an accredited program b. They are considered part of an accredited program c. This topic is not discussed on the AAALAC website

a.They are not considered part of an accredited program

Carprofen and Meloxicam are both considered COX-2 inhibitor NSAIDs. The primary difference between these and other NSAIDs is shown below. Which of the following statement(s) is FALSE? a. Primary COX-2 inhibitors have less impact on the GImucosathan COX-1 inhibitors. b. Primary COX-2 inhibitors have less impact on platelet aggregation and are potentially less risky for perisurgical pain management than mixed or COX-1 inhibitors. c. COX-2 inhibitors increase vasoconstriction and can be contraindicated for hypertensive and cardiac patients. d. Meloxicam inhibits both the COX-1 and COX-2 pathways. e. Aspirin is the best antipyretic NSAID on the market for fever in children. f. Indomethacin has the strongest anti-inflammatory effects of marketed NSAIDs. g. Acetaminophen likely works primarily by inhibiting COX-2 in the CNS.

e.Aspirin is the best antipyretic NSAID on the market for fever in children.

What are pharmacokinetics?

What a body does to the drug- ie drug metabolism

.What does it mean to have evaluated “stability under conditions of use”: a. The drug is checked for stability after the same number of hours which it could conceivably be out of the original packaging during dosing situations b. The drug is checked for stability under the same temperature conditions... c. ...using the same container/packaging/administration device... (e.g. tubing, bottle, cup, syringe type, glass,mixed with food,etc.) d. ...using the same amount of agitation which the drug would typically undergo if it would be carried around during a typical dosing period e. All of the above

e.All of the above

Which of the following is NOT specifically defined in the PHS Policy? a. Institutional Official b. Quorum c. Attending Veterinarian

c.Attending Veterinarian

Which of the following is NOT required by OLAW to be in a facility’s program description? a. Names of the members of the IACUC b. Square footage of the facility c. Training program d. Health program for personnel who have frequent contact with animals or who work in an animal facility e. All of the above

a.Names of the members of the IACUC These can be codified in the report

Buprenorphine is what type of controlled substance? a. Schedule I b. Schedule II c. Schedule III d. Schedule IV e. Schedule V

c. Schedule III

Tramadol is what type of controlled substance?a.Schedule I b. Schedule II c. Schedule III d. Schedule IV e. Tramadol is not a controlled substance according to the DEA

d.Schedule IV

The DEA classifies drugs where abuse can lead to low to moderate physical dependence or high psychological dependence as which schedule? a. Schedule I b. Schedule II c. Schedule III d. Schedule IV e. Schedule V

c.Schedule III

Which of the following NSAIDs is NOT selective for COX-2 a. Firocoxib b. Carprofen c. Deracoxib d. All of the above e. None of the above

e.None of the above nonselective NSAIDS- ketoprofen, ibuprofen, flunixin meglumine

How does aspirin affect platelet aggregation? a. By decreasing the “stickiness”of injured vascular endothelium to individual platelets b. By decreasing Thromboxane A2, which helps other platelets bind to those already adhered to the endothelium c. By directly impacting levels of fibrinogen and Von Willebrand’s Factor in the bloodstream d. By prohibiting the platelet from changing shape once bound to the endothelium

b.By decreasing Thromboxane A2, which helps other platelets bind to those already adhered to the endothelium

T/F: NSAIDs that preferentially inhibit the COX-2 pathway cause lower morbidity and mortality than nonselective NSAIDs.

# Define a “crossover study”: a. A study where each group receives a sequence of treatments for the same amount of time and the same parameters are monitored b. A study where each subject receives the same number of treatments (usually all treatments being studied) for the same number of periods c. A correlational study that involves repeated observations of the same variables over long periods of time.

a.A study where each group receives a sequence of treatments for the same amount of time and the same parameters are monitored

What is explicitly stated as an unacceptable rationale for an exception to the US Gov’t Principles? a. An IACUC approved painful procedure that causes long term health impacts to an animal. b. A painful procedure conducted solely for the purposes of teaching or demonstration. c. A pilot project to evaluate a process not previously performed on live animals.

b.A painful procedure conducted solely for the purposes of teaching or demonstration.

In what phase(s)of drug development woulda crossover study typically occur? a. Pre-Clinical phase prior to IND submission b. Pre-Clinical and Phase 1 Clinical Trials, only after IND submission c. Phase 1 Clinical Trials, only after NDA submission d. Pre-Clinical, Phase 1, and Phase 2 trials prior to NDA submission e. Phase 3 Clinical Trials

d.Pre-Clinical, Phase 1, and Phase 2 trials prior to NDA submission

Which Cytochrome P450 enzyme subfamily is responsible for ketamine and xylazine metabolism? a. CYP7A b. CYP11B c. CYP3A d. CYP5A

c.CYP3A

Which enantiomer in commercial ketamine preparations is more active and produces fewer side effects? a. S-enantiomer b. R-enantiomer c. Commercial ketamine is not a racemic mixture, it only has one enantiomer.

a.S-enantiomer

Administration of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists in rodents may cause all of the following except? a. Analgesia b. Diuresis c. Bradycardia d. Hypothermia e. Hypoglycemia

e.Hypoglycemia

According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching, who should be consulted before applying pesticides in an animal room or housing area? a. Attending veterinarian b. Biosafety officer c. IACUC chair d. Institutional official e. Investigators

e.Investigators

According to the Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching, who should be contacted for guidance on extra-label drug use in farm animals destined for human consumption? a. AVMA b. FDA c. State Veterinarian d. USDA

b.FDA

Kaplan Meier survival analysis is a measurement of what? a. Median survival time of patients after a given treatment b. LD50 of a given dose of radiation therapy expressed in curies c. Fractional estimate of patients surviving for a period of time after treatment expressed as a curvilinear graph. d. Statistical estimate of survival time of oversize sturgeon post catch-and-release fishing

a.Median survival time of patients after a given treatment

You are the veterinarian in a mouse-exclusive colony utilized for osteosarcoma research. Your main PI is considering utilizing an end-stage model of pulmonary metastasis. He just received a large grant, and money is no object for his mice. Which of the following methods do you recommend to ensure humane endpoints are met? a. MRI b. Mini CT c. PAAM d. Any of the above e. None of the above

d.Any of the above

The PAAM method fulfills which of the 3 R’s of laboratory animal research? a. Reduction b. Replacement c. Refinement d. Recycle

c.Refinement

You realize that some of your brand new rats are itching themselves more than normal. When you question the courier about his health certificates, he says they were perfectly healthy and very curious about their wild cousin who was living in his motel room. Cringing, you return the rats to the courier and resolve to use only a trusted vendor next time. Which of the following ectoparasites could the rats likely have brought into your colony? a. Cheyletiella b. Radfordia ensifera c. Dermacentor variabilis d. Xenopsylla cheopis

b.Radfordia ensifera

An investigator is proposing butorphanol SQ every 12 hours for 3 days for analgesia following a moderately painful surgical procedure in rabbits. You advise that: a. Butorphanol is only suitable for mild pain b. The frequency of administration proposed is inadequate c. Butorphanol can cause a marked decrease in arterial BP, so buprenorphine should be used instead d. NSAIDS would be preferable over opioids as safety and efficacy studies have been performed in rabbits

b. The frequency of administration proposed is inadequate

You want to find out if your colleagues’ ugly tie-dye lab coat is distressing to laboratory mice. In order to do so you plan to noninvasively sample glucocorticoid secretion in ugly lab coat exposed and unexposed (control) mice. Which is the most accurate regarding measurement of glucocorticoids and there metabolites? a. Glucocorticoid metabolites are present in feces but not urine b. Corticosterone and its metabolites are abundant in feces c. Plasma glucocorticoid concentrations are higher in male rabbits than in females d. Concentrations of glucocorticoid metabolites are not affected by circadian rhythm

c. Plasma glucocorticoid concentrations are higher in male rabbits than in females

You are treating a rabbit with an infected wound. Which antibiotic is your safest choice? a. Amoxicillin b. Clindamycin c. Erythromycin d. Tetracycline

d. Tetracycline

The Watanabe rabbit is a model for familial hypercholesterolemia. Whatis true about this model? a. the hypercholesterolemia it is due to nucleotide deletion in the LDL binding domain for the LDL receptor b. the hypercholesterolemia it is due to nucleotide deletion in the HDL binding domain for the HDL receptor c. it is an autosomal recessive gene d. it is autosomal dominant with no gene dosage effect

a. the hypercholesterolemia it is due to nucleotide deletion in the LDL binding domain for the LDL receptor

You are attending an IACUC meeting where they vote withhold approval of a proposal due to the antiquated, inhumane methods proposed. According to the AWR, which is an appropriate course of action? a. Send a letter to the PI informing them of the IACUC’s decision to withhold approval, but discuss the reasons for withholding approval and potential modifications in a phone conversation b. Send a letter to the PI informing them of the IACUC’s decision to withhold approval and outlining in writing the reasons for the decision c. Send the IACUC chair to inform the PI of the decision and the committee’s reasoning in person d. All of the above are acceptable

b. Send a letter to the PI informing them of the IACUC’s decision to withhold approval and outlining in writing the reasons for the decision

According to a recent study, which of the following performed the best at maintaining body temperature during anesthesia? a. reflective foil b. circulating warm water blanket c. gel pack

b. circulating warm water blanket

Which strain of mice could develop leucopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia following isoflurane anesthesia? a. C57BL/6 b. C3H/HeN c. BALB/c d. AKR

b.C3H/HeN

Which one of the following inhalant anesthetic contains preservative? a. Halothane b. Isoflurane c. Sevoflurane d. Desflurane

a.Halothane

According to The Guide, what is the thermoneutral zone for mice? a. 26 - 30 C b. 28 - 32 C c. 26 - 34 C d. 20 - 25 C

c. 26-34C a is rats, b is gerbils, d is dogs and cats

According to the PHS policy, a satellite facility is any containment out side of core facility or centrally designated or managed area in which animals are housed for more than ------------- hrs. a. 12 b. 24 c. 48 d. 72

b. 24

What is the causative agent of Chagas disease?

Trypanosoma cruzi

Which of the following vector-borne transmission methods is associated with transmission of T. cruziin the Americas? a. Salivarian b. Stercorarian c. Horizontal d. Venereal

b.Stercorarian

What effects may trypanosomiasis have on individual macaques a. Cardiac arrhythmia b. Sudden death c. Subclinical carrier state d. All of the above

d.All of the above

You are the pathologist at a facility which is currently identifying potential hemoflagellate infections in different animal species after importation into the United States. Which of the following organisms is a foreign animal disease which should be reported? a. Trypanosoma equiperdum in a Warmblood horse b. T. cervi in a black-tailed deer c. T. musculi in a CD1 mouse d. T. theileri in a Holstein cow

a.Trypanosoma equiperdum in a Warmblood horse

As the attending veterinarian of a facility that has found a foreign animal disease which is located in Oregon, to whom do you report the disease?a.APHIS b. Oregon Department of Agriculture c. Oregon Public Health Division d. Your local hairdresser e. A and B f. A and C g. A, B, and C h. All of the above

e.A and B

Which stage of psychomotor learning is described as “the skill is performed with confidence and decreased mental effort”? a. Associative stage b. Autonomous stage c. Cognitive stage d. Concept stage

b. Autonomous stage

"Trainee can consistently and accurately perform the biomethod” best describes: a. Competency b. Proficiency c. Neither d. Yo mama

b. Proficiency

The US Government Principles for the Utilization and Care of Vertebrate Animals in Testing, Research, and Training... a. Doesn’t directly address training, but the need for proper training implied in the directive to minimize or avoid suffering and distress b. Discusses training on the proper and humane care of laboratory animals c. Discusses that investigators should be appropriately qualified and experienced for conducting procedures d. Both B and C are correct

d. Both B and C are correct

According to the Guide (pg 15), who is responsible for providing oversight and evaluating the effectiveness of the training program for all personnel involved in animal care and use? a. The AV b. The IACUC c. The Principle Investigators d. The Training Supervisor appointed by the IACUC

b. The IACUC

According to the Guide (pg 116) who is “responsible for determining that personnel performing surgical procedures are appropriately qualified and trained in the procedures”? a. The AV b. The IACUC c. The IACUC, together with the AV d. The institution (no more specific guidance is provided)

c. The IACUC, together with the AV

In addition to rats, what other species is known to have sperm that is very susceptible to chilling? a. Bulls b. Boars c. Stallions d. Rams

b.Boars

Which of the following is true of theacrosome in sperm? a. Contains the genetic material b. Helps support sperm motility c. Is derived from the plasma membrane d. Contains hyaluronidase e. All of the above are true

d.Contains hyaluronidase Derived from the golgi body and surrounds the sperm head to help penetrate the ova

Sperm from which laboratory animal species can penetrate human oocytes? a. Cavia porcellus b. Dipodymus sp. c. Meriones unguiculatus d. Mesocricetus auratus

d.Mesocricetus auratus

According to the PHS policy, an institution where all programs and facilities have been evaluated by the IACUC and are reevaluated by the IACUC at least annually falls into which category? a. Category 1 b. Category 2 c. Category 3 d. Category 4

b.Category 2

5. According to the Animal Welfare Act, nonhuman primates exempted from the environment enhancement plan must be reviewed by the Attending Veterinarian how often? a. Every 60 days b. Every 90 days c. If it is a permanent exemption, it does not have to be reviewed d. None of the above are true

c.If it is a permanent exemption, it does not have to be reviewed Otherwise, has to be reviewed q30d

In this paper B6.129-Gcktm1Tms mice were housed in SPF room. How do you definethese mice a. Coisogenic b. Congenic c. Conplastic d. Consomic

b.Congenic

Gnotobiotic animals are a. Germ fee b. Free from specific pathogens c. Contain known strains of bacteria and other microorganisms d. None of the above

c.Contain known strains of bacteria and other microorganisms

You are in charge for an animal facility and suddenly the quality of air in theanimal rooms has deteriorated. When you checked the air change in the animalrooms, it was 5 per hour. According to the guide, what is the acceptable level ofair changes per hour? a. 5 to 10 b. 8 to 12 c. 10 to 15 d. 15 to 20

c.10 to 15

A person wants to start a company to breed and sell USDA regulated animals for research. He wants to breed the animals in a facility in Illinois and then, transport the animals to facilities in Utah, Texas and New York states before distributing to research institutions. According to AWR, Where should he apply for USDA license? a. New York b. Illinois c. Utah d. Texas e. All the above

b.Illinois

You have an investigator who is wanting to work with experimental infections of Coxiella burnetii in sheep. Which of the following is NOT a recommendation you would make based on BMBL? a. BSL-3 facilities are required for any tissue handling. b. Animals that die as part of the experimental design should be necropsied at BSL2 facilities. c. Animals should be housed in BSL-3 facilities for the project. d. The lab should register with the CDC prior to experimental protocols, as C. burnetii is a select agent.

b.Animals that die as part of the experimental design should be necropsied at BSL2 facilities.

What is the most common clinical sign of C. burnetiiin sheep? a. Placentitis b. Abortion c. Infertility d. No clinical signs (subclinical infection)

d.No clinical signs (subclinical infection)

You travel to the Mexican state of Durango to perform some field research on jaguars in the area. While you are visiting, you decide to enjoy some of your host’s homemade cheese from her ewes. What diseases might you be exposed to if the cheese was unpasteurized? a. Brucellosis b. Listeriosis c. Campylobacteriosis d. Tuberculosis e. All of the above f. None of the above

e.All of the above

You have an investigator who is using adult horned Boer bucks as part of his nutrition study. After being bumped one too many times in the past, he would like to dehorn the goats used in his research. How do you advise him? b.Dehorning adult goats can be achieved with electrocautery if a local anesthetic is used .c.Dehorning should occur only after horn tissue has matured, after 1 month of age. d.Dehorning subadult bucks results in an adult phenotype similar to polled animals.

a.Dehorning adult goats is not recommended due to the low success rate, resulting in scurs or fly strike

Which statement(s) is(are) true about white and/or brown adipose tissue? a. White adipose has a single liquid droplet of fat, more capillaries than brown fat, and fewer mitochondria than brown fat b. A hibernoma is a malignant tumor of brown fat. c. Brown fat has is brown because it has a high number of mitochondria, which are high in iron. d. Brown fat disappears in most mammals after the neonatal phase. e. A and C

e. A and C

Why is brown fat a hot current research topic? a. Activation may decrease atherosclerosis plaque growth and instability b. Increasing the quantity of brown fat may improve glucose tolerance and increase insulin sensitivity, thus lowering body weight. c. Activation of BAT may help research taking place in Antarctica d. There is new information indicating that it may be possible to turn some white adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue and vice versa. e. A, B, and D f. B and D g. All of the above

f.B and D

The primary role of an IVC is to reduce spread of infective agents and allergenic contaminants. Which statement below is not true about IVC systems as compared to standard wiretop caging? a. They provide a more thermoneutral environment b. They provide reduced ammonia levels c. They provide reduced CO2 levels d. They decrease required frequency of cage changes

a.They provide a more thermoneutral environment

With regard to euthanasia, which statement is not from the Guide? (must vs. should) a. Death must be confirmed by personnel trained to recognize cessation of vital signs in the species being euthanized. b. Euthanasia must be carried out in a manner that avoids animal distress. c. Unless justified...Methods should be consistent with the AVMA Guidelines, (...2007 or later). d. Standardized methods of euthanasia that are predictable and controllable should be developed and approved by the AV and the IACUC.e....because neonatal rodents are resistant(to CO2)... alternative methods should be considered.

b.Euthanasia must be carried out in a manner that avoids animal distress.

What is PRIA? a. Potential rodent infectious agent assay b. PCR assays for rodent infectious agents c. Preventive rodent infectious agent assay d. Pathogenic rodent infectious agents assay

b.PCR assays for rodent infectious agents

What is the basic technique used in PRIA testing? a. Real-time PCR using TaqMam probe b. Real-time PCR using conventional primers c. Multiplex real-time PCR using TaqMan probe d. Multiples real-time PCR using conventional primers

c.Multiplex real-time PCR using TaqMan probe

You are in charge for an animal facility and you want to submit samples from solid bedding sentinels for PRIA testing. Which pathogen do you think can not be detected by PRIA testing? a. Cryptosporidium b. Rotavirus c. Lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus d. CAR bacillus

d.CAR bacillus

According to The Guide(page. 112), how often all animals should be observed for signs of illness, injury or abnormal behavior? a. At least once in 12 hr b. At least daily c. At least weekly d. As often as necessary

b.At least daily

According to the Guide (page 113), what is the principle method of detecting microbial infections in animal populations? a. Serological tests b. PCR c. Microbial culture d. Clinical chemistry e. Histopathology f. Valid emerging technologies g. All the above

g.All the above

2013 JAALAS questions Flashcards

(287 cards)