Rabbit (BB + PB) Flashcards
(240 cards)
1
Q
Scientific name of the domestic rabbit
A
Oryctolagus cuniculus
2
Q
Most common breed of rabbit used in research
A
New Zealand White
3
Q
Genus of new world wild rabbits
A
Sylvilagus
4
Q
Genus of true hares
A
Lepus
5
Q
Primary use of rabbits in research
A
antibody production, blood collection
6
Q
What serotype of immunoglobulins do rabbits not produce?
A
IgD Also hamsters, pigs
7
Q
What disease is found in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits?
A
cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis deficiency in LDL receptors in liver
8
Q
What rabbit atherosclerosis model has functioning LDL receptors?
A
St. Thomas Hospital strain
9
Q
What rabbit atherosclerosis model does not have functioning LDL receptors in the liver?
A
WHHL
10
Q
What musculoskeletal injury are rabbits prone to with poor handling?
A
L7-S1 fracture
11
Q
At what age do neonatal rabbits start to thermoregulate?
A
7 days
12
Q
Fasting neonatal rabbits for 6 hours results in what?
A
hypoglycemia, ketosis
13
Q
How many forms of ALP do rabbits have? Other mammal species?
A
rabbits have 3 isotypes, other species only have 2
14
Q
What is special about the heart in rabbits?
A
Tricuspid valve only has 2 cusps
15
Q
A rabbit has a normal physical exam. Bloodwork reveals polychromasia with 2-5% circulating reticulocytes. How do you address this issue?
A
This is normal.
16
Q
T/F: Rabbits are obligate nasal breathers
A
T
17
Q
A rabbit is apneic after induction of anesthesia. Will chest compressions assist with artificial ventilation?
A
No- respiration via diaphragm, chest compressions don’t work
18
Q
How does lung volume in rabbits change with age?
A
It increases unlike humans and dogs
19
Q
A rabbit lacks peg teeth. Is this congenital abnormality dominant or recessive?
A
absence is dominant
20
Q
What type of muscle lines the rabbit esophagus?
A
skeletal
21
Q
What is the thick-walled area of lymphoid tissue at the ileocecal junction called?
A
sacculus rotundus
22
Q
What is the cecal tonsil?
A
round patch of lymphoid tissue adjacent to sacculus rotundus
23
Q
What is the thick-walled tan-colored lymphoid tissue at the tip of the cecum called?
A
vermiform appendix
24
Q
What anatomic structure regulates the release of cecotrophs vs hard pellets?
A
fusus coli
25
Does the pancreatic duct enter the duodenum separately from the bile duct or together? What other species are similar to rabbits?
Separately Rodents
26
What type of crystals are excreted in normal rabbit urine?
calcium carbonate monohydrate ammonium magnesium phosphate
27
What 2 elements are excreted in the urine in rabbits but in the bile of other species?
calcium magnesium
28
How much urine do rabbits produce per day?
50-75ml/kg/day
29
When do rabbits hit puberty?
4-8mo depending on breed, size, gender
30
What type of uterus do rabbits have?
duplex/bicornuate uterus w 2 cervices and 2 uterine horns
31
T/F: Rabbits are spontaneous ovulators.
F- they are induced
32
How long is the rabbit estrus cycle
4-17d
33
What are signs of receptivity to a male in female rabbits?
lordosis in response to mounting vulvar swelling/congestion rubbing of chin on hutch/cage restlessness
34
Do bucks have open inguinal canals?
yes
35
Do bucks have abdominal nipples?
no
36
When breeding rabbits, which of the following should you do? a. bring the doe to the buck's cage b. bring the buck to the doe's cage c. pair house permanently d. pair house until just before parturition e. use a collar just slightly smaller than the male's cage opening to prevent does from accessing the buck
a. bring the doe to the buck's cage
37
How long is gestation in rabbits?
30-32d
38
A rabbit is kindling, and one of the kits is in the breech position. Should you intervene?
No- this is normal
39
What type of placentation do rabbits have?
hemochorial
40
When can pregnancy be diagnosed in rabbits?
11d by radiographs 14d by ultrasound
41
T/F: Calcium is absorbed in proportion to Ca provided in the diet.
T
42
How much water do rabbits need per day?
120ml/kg/day
43
Thumping, biting, and charging are considered what kind of behaviors?
defensive
44
T/F: lab rabbits are crepuscular
F- they are diurnal. Wild rabbits are crepuscular or nocturnal
45
What cage height is required by the Guide for rabbits?
16in
46
What cage height is required by the AWA for rabbits?
14in
47
What floor space is required by the Guide for rabbits \<2kg?
1.5ft2
48
What floor space is required by the Guide for rabbits \<4kg?
3ft2
49
What floor space is required by the Guide for rabbits \<5.4kg?
4ft2
50
What floor space is required by the Guide for rabbits 5.4kg or more?
at least 5ft2
51
How many rabbits can be transported together in a single container?
15
52
What procedure should occur before washing rabbit caging?
acid wash to remove urine scale
53
What temperature should rabbits be kept at?
61-72F (16-22C)
54
What is the TNZ of rabbits per the Guide?
15-20C
55
How is shope papillomavirus transmitted?
insect vectors- why it's on places that flies land
56
Squamous cell carcinoma is associated with malignant transformation of what viral disease?
Shope papillomavirus
57
What viral disease is used as a model of oncogenic viral biology and treatment and prevention of this disease in humans?
Shope papillomavirus
58
Does vaccination against Shope papillomavirus protect against development of papillomas?
No
59
What age is most often affected by rabbit oral papillomavirus?
2-18mo
60
How is rabbit oral papillomavirus spread?
direct contact
61
You see a pedunculated lesion on the ventral surface of the tongue in a rabbit with basophilic IN inclusions. What is your primary differential?
rabbit oral papillomavirus
62
How is Shope papillomavirus resolved?
The immune response causes lesion regression
63
What polyomavirus is a contaminant of papilloma virus stocks but has no pathogenic effect?
rabbit kidney vacuolating virus
64
How prevalent is parvovirus in rabbits?
Most lab rabbits seropositive
65
How is myxoma virus transmitted?
arthropods, direct contact
66
What are clinical signs of myxomavirus in rabbits?
subq mixoid mass 3-4d after exposure conjunctivitis, SQ edema, tumors fatal dz w bacterial pneumonia possible
67
How is myxoma virus definitively diagnosed?
clinical signs, PCR, ELISA, viral cltr
68
How do you prevent myxomavirus?
adequate quarantine and arthropod control
69
What is the causative agent of shope fibromatosis?
rabbit fibroma virus
70
What causes firm, flattened tumors on the legs and feet of cottontails that persist for months?
rabbit fibroma virus (Shope fibromatosis)
71
How is rabbit pox transmitted?
aerosol
72
What is rabbit pox a model for?
smallpox in humans
73
What age is most often affected by leporid herpesvirus 1?
Herpes sylvilagus- seen in young rabbits
74
What are the clinical signs of leporid herpesvirus 1?
lymphoproliferative disease in Sylvilagus, model of Epstein-Barr virus Nonpathogenic for domestic rabbits
75
What herpesvirus causes clinical signs in rabbits?
Leporid herpesvirus 4 (see eye/skin ulceration) Herpes simplex 1 (human)
76
Exposure of rabbits to herpes simplex is a model for what?
experimental herpes simplex encephalitis
77
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is caused by what virus?
calicivirus
78
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease has the highest mortality in what age group?
adults
79
What is the only consistent histopathologic finding in rabbit hemorrhagic disease?
hepatocellular periportal necrosis
80
What are the clinical signs of rabbit hemorrhagic disease?
incoordination, shaking, CNS signs, death, coagulopathy
81
What is seen on gross necropsy with rabbit hemorrhagic disease?
pulmonary hemorrhage/edema, hepatosplenomegaly, perirenal hemorrhage, serosal ecchymoses
82
How is rabbit hemorrhagic disease diagnosed?
EM of liver, ELISA, hemagglutinin inhibition
83
How is rabbit hemorrhagic disease treated?
"treated" by quarantine and depopulation- economically important disease
84
What clinical signs are seen with coronaviral enteritis?
low BCS, dehydration, perineal fecal staining
85
What histopathologic findings are common for coronaviral enteritis?
villous blunting, vacuolation/necrosis of enterocytes, mucosal edema, mononuclear cell infiltration
86
A rabbit is inoculated with Treponema pallidum as part of a study. After several weeks, it develops uveitis and signs of CHF. What is the likely cause?
coronavirus contamination of the T. pallidum
87
What are the histopathologic findings of coronaviral pleural effusion disease with cardiomyopathy?
multifocal myocardial degeneration and necrosis, lymphoid depletion, uveitis
88
what virus is used in the rabbit model of cardiomyopathy and CHF?
coronavirus
89
Coinfection with what pathogen in rabbits affected by rotavirus induces worse pathology?
E. coli
90
Where does rotavirus replicate?
mature enterocytes
91
What age group is most affected by rotavirus?
suckling and weanling kits
92
What histopath is seen with rotavirus in rabbits?
villus blunting, malabsorption
93
Where is Sendai virus found in rabbits?
respiratory tract
94
Do rabbits shed Sendai virus?
Yes, for 10d after IN inoculation
95
Do rabbits get rabies?
YES- highly susceptible with rapid progression to paralysis and death over the course of weeks
96
What is the major cause of respiratory pathology in rabbits?
Pasteurella multocida
97
What serotype of P. multocida most commonly causes snuffles?
12:A
98
What serotypes of P. multocida most commonly cause bronchopneumonia?
3A, 3D
99
Is P. multocida spread via aerosol?
No- direct contact
100
What are the gross pathologic findings of P. multocida in rabbits?
suppurative inflammation of multiple organs
101
T/F: P. multocida causes cranioventral bronchopneumonia in rabbits
T
102
Reproductive tract infection with P. multocida causes what major lesion associated with high mortality?
acute necrotizing metritis with abortion, stillbirth, death
103
What is the first-line treatment for P. multocida in rabbits?
fluoroquinolones
104
How can a facility eradicate P. multocida from rabbits?
Treat with enrofloxacin, then rederive via c-section/hysterectomy
105
Bordetella bronchiseptica in rabbits can affect what other species resulting in fatalities?
guinea pigs
106
What toxin is produced by Clostridium perfringens?
type E iota toxin
107
What disease condition and pathogen is carbohydrate overload associated with in rabbits?
enterotoxemia d/t C. perfringens
108
What toxins are produced by C. difficile?
Type A enterotoxin, type B cytotoxin, binary toxin
109
What is the gold standard for diagnosis of C. difficile in rabbits?
tissue culture assay for toxin B
110
Where in the GIT are the most severe lesions of C. diff found?
jejunum, ileum, cecum
111
What is the most common clostridial pathogen associated with enteritis complex in juvenile rabbits?
Clostridium spiriforme
112
Selective necrosis of mucosal epithelium with submucosal edema and hemorrhage are diagnostic for what in juvenile rabbits?
C. spiriforme
113
What are 2 risk factors for C. spiroforme in rabbits?
feed change weaning prior antibiotic treatment concurrent infxn
114
How is C. spiroforme transmitted in rabbits?
environmental, fecal-oral
115
What is the typical appearance of Clostridium piliforme?
Gram negative spore-forming rod found in pleomorphic piles in lesions
116
What tissues are affected by Tyzzer's disease in rabbits?
Inetstine Liver Heart
117
What are sequelae of Tyzzer's disease found in survivors?
stricture, stunting
118
What are predisposing factors for Tyzzer's disease in rabbits
shipping diet change high environmental temps poor sanitation corticosterone treatment
119
What special stains can be used to identify the etiologic agent of Tyzzer's disease?
gram stain Warthin-Starry Giemsa levaditi PAS
120
What 3 clinical syndromes are caused by E. coli in rabbits?
enteritis UTI sepsis/meningitis
121
What type of E. coli is a common cause of enteritis in rabbits?
attaching and effacing (AEEC)
122
Does AAEC produce enterotoxins?
No
123
T/F: Low stomach pH is associated with E. coli infection.
F- low pH limits growth of E. coli, increasing the pH predisposes to dz
124
What gene is associated with attachment and effacement of intestine with EPEC infection?
Eae gene for intimin
125
What are clinical signs of enteropathogenic E. coli in rabbits?
bloody diarrhea, sudden death
126
Which infectious etiology causes paintbrush hemorrhages in the intestine with experimental infection?
EPEC
127
What type of E. coli produces shiga toxin?
EHEC/STEC
128
Rabbits with E. coli that are suspected at risk for uremic syndrome should have what treatment?
fluids -nephroprotective effect
129
What etiologic agent causes hemorrhagic enterocolitis with near-100% mortality in the suckling kits of some European rabbitries?
Klebsiella pneumoniae
130
Proliferative enteritis is caused by what etiologic agent?
Lawsonia intracellularis
131
Thickened small intestinal loops with enterocyte hyperplasia and multinucleate giant cells are associated with what disease in rabbits?
proliferative enteritis
132
What special stains can be used to help identify Lawsonia intracellularis?
Warthin-Starry silver PAS
133
How is Lawsonia intracellularis treated?
PCR/quarantine Oral neomycin
134
What stain could be used to identify Vibrio infection in weanling rabbits?
Levaditi (silver nitrate)
135
Clear gelatinous colonic mucous in rabbits 7-10 weeks old is associated with what condition?
mucoid enteropathy
136
Several late-gestation does die and you see abortion and stillbirth in some of your other does. What is your primary differential?
Listeria monocytogenes
137
How is Listeria diagnosed?
Clinical signs + culture of affected tissues
138
What tissues are commonly affected by Listeria at necropsy?
placentitis ascites miliary necrosis of liver, splenomegaly
139
How is metritis caused by Listeria differentiated from Pasteurella at necropsy?
Pasteurella doesn't cause hepatic lesions
140
What clinical signs are seen in neonatal rabbits \<1w old with Staphylococcal infection?
Acute septicemia and death
141
What is the causative agent of venereal spirochetosis?
Treponema paraluiscuniculi- disease only in rabbits T. paraluisleporis- disease in rabbits and hares
142
How is T. paraluiscuniculi spread?
venereal; close contact with dam after birth
143
How is venereal spirochetosis diagnosed?
wet mount prep + dark field microscopy; silver stain on histopath; serology
144
How is venereal spirochetosis treated?
Pen-G; hysterectomy rederivation
145
What is the causative agent of Schmorl's disease
Fusobacterium necrophorum
146
What are predisposing factors to Schmorl's disease?
excessive salivation malocclusion high environmental temps/panting
147
What are the clinical signs associated with Schmorl's disease
dermatitis of dewlap in does
148
What are the most common dermatophytes seen in rabbits?
Trichophyton mentagrophytes Microsporum canis
149
What is the gold standard for identification of dermatophytes in rabbits?
fungal culture
150
how is Pneumocystis oryctolagi spread?
transplacental direct contact aerosol
151
What is the age group most commonly affected by intestinal coccidia?
post-weaning
152
How are intestinal coccidia in rabbits treated?
sulfamerazine, sulfaquinoxaline
153
How is the oral vaccine for Eimeria magna applied?
Sprayed in to the nest box
154
What causes hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits?
Eimeria stiedae
155
What are the four stages of disease with hepatic coccidiosis?
1. metabolic dysfunction d/t initial hepatocyte damage 2. cholestasis with elevated liver enzymes 3. metabolic dysfunction associated with end-stage liver 4. immunodepression due to overgrowth of oocysts
156
Biliary changes with oocysts are pathognomonic for what organism in rabbits?
Eimeria stiedae
157
What clinical signs are associated with Encephalitozoon infection in dwarf rabbits?
uveitis, cataracts, meningoencephalomyelitis, focal radiculoneuritis
158
What clinical signs are seen in rabbits with Encephalitozoon cuniculi?
usually subclinical may see nervous signs, renal failure, mortality in NZWs
159
Intrauterine infection with Encephalitozoon cuniculi results in what lesion?
Phacoclastic uveitis with rupture of lens capsule
160
How is E. cuniculi spread?
urine contact
161
What special stains can be used to identify E. cuniculi?
carbol fuschin, Gram, Giemsa
162
What are clinical signs of E. cuniculi in immunocompromised humans?
Keratoconjunctivitis, endopthalmitis, pneumonia
163
How is E. cuniculi diagnosed in rabbits?
characteristic lesions + organisms at nx; serology; ID skin test, PCR
164
What cryptosporidial species is found in rabbits?
Cryptosporidium cuniculus
165
What lesions are seen with Cryptosporidium infections in rabbits?
Villus blunting, dilated lacteals in weanling rabbits
166
What is the rabbit pinworm?
Passalurus ambiguous
167
What is the prepatent period of the rabbit pinworm
60d +/-4
168
How are rabbit pinworms treated?
piperazine, fenbendazole, ivermectin
169
What syndrome is associated with infection of rabbits with Baylisascaris procyonis?
ocular larval migrans neural larval migrans
170
How are rabbits treated for Psoroptes cuniculi infection?
rotenone, ivermectin, selamectin, eprinomectin
171
What nonburrowing skin mite can be found in rabbits and leads to transient dermatitis in humans?
Cheylietella
172
What zoonotic burrowing mite evokes a hypersensitivity reaction with significant pruritis in rabbits?
Sarcoptes scabei
173
How is sarcoptes treated in rabbits?
ivermectin, selamectin
174
What are the fur mites of rabbits?
Listrophorus gibbus
175
What predisposing factors may lead to hair chewing/barbering in rabbits?
boredom low-roughage diet
176
What condition causes nonpruritic scaling dermatosis with patchy alopecia that is refractory to treatment in older rabbits?
exfoliative dermatosis and sebaceous adenitis
177
What are the predisposing factors for ulcerative pododermatitis in rabbits?
poor sanitation, trauma d/t wire-bottom caging, hereditary predisposigion
178
What is the most common location for fractures due to poor restraint?
L7
179
What is often incidental but can cause anorexia, wasting, death due to obstruction, as well as reduced feed/water consumption?
trichobezoar
180
What are predisposing factors for trichobezoars in rabbits?
boredom, excessive grooming/hair chewing, low dietary fiber, sedentary life cycle, poor gastric motility
181
What strains are predisposed to intestinal plasmacytosis?
WHHL, NZW, Dutch belted
182
Dutch belted rabbits develop multifocal myocardial degeneration due to administration of what drug?
ketamine/xylazine or detomidine- results in ischemia due to low collateral circulation
183
What is the most common strain and location associated with liver lobe torsion in rabbits?
caudate lobe in NZWs
184
What is the cause of nutritional muscular dystrophy in rabbits?
vitamin E deficiency
185
What causes drooling, overgrowth/ridging of incisors, distorted growth of premolars/molars, anorexia, and weight loss in rabbits?
osteomalacia due to calcium/vit D deficiency also malocclusion
186
Dystrophic mineralization is associated with what nutrient in rabbits?
Excess vitamin D
187
Vitamin A is associated with what clinical signs in rabbits?
congenital abnormalities, infertility
188
Recessive or dominant congenital trait: hydrocephalus
recessive (hy/hy)
189
Recessive or dominant congenital trait: glaucoma/bupthalmia
recessive, incomplete penetrance (bu/bu)
190
Recessive or dominant congenital trait: malocclusion
recessive
191
Recessive or dominant congenital trait: atropine esterase
semidominant (est-2F)
192
Recessive or dominant congenital trait: complement 3 deficiency
co-dominant
193
Recessive or dominant congenital trait: complement 6 deficiency
recessive
194
What is the most common inherited disease of domestic rabbits?
malocclusion
195
What breed is affected by congenital glaucoma?
NZW
196
What breed is affected by inherited self-mutilation?
checkered cross
197
Which limb is most commonly affected in splay leg?
Right hind
198
What genetic model is a rabbit model for human neuraxonal dystrophy (NAD)?
Complement 6 deficiency- see coagulopathy, motor neuropathy
199
Recessive or dominant congenital trait: complement 8 deficiency
recessive
200
What phenotype is associated with complement 8 deficiency?
dwarfism
201
Recessive or dominant congenital trait: hypercholesterolemia
recessive
202
Recessive or dominant congenital trait: hyperlipidemia
WHHL
203
What breed has congenital hypercholesterolemia with coronary atheromas/xanthomas by 2mo of age
Kurosawa and Kusanagi hypercholesterolemic rabbit
204
What is the most commonly encountered spontaneous neoplasm of domestic rabbits?
uterine adenocarcinoma
205
Where do uterine adenocarcinomas metastasize?
lungs/liver
206
What is the most commonly encountered neoplasia of juvenile and young adult rabbits \<2y?
lymphosarcoma
207
What are the 3 organs most commonly affected by lymphosarcoma in rabbits?
tetrad of renomegaly, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly
208
Lymphoma is associated with what virus in Sylvilagus?
leporid herpesvirus 1 (herpesvirus sylvilagus)
209
What breed is predisposed to prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas with mammary dysplasia?
NZW
210
What are 3 tumors models used in rabbits?
VX-2 carcinoma Brown Pearce carcinoma Greene melanoma
211
Genus?
Sylvilagus
212
Location of lesion and etiology
Base of tongue
Rabbit oral papillomavirus
213
Etiology? Treatment?
Rabbit fibroma virus (Shope fibromatosis)
Often regress, may metastasize
214
SI from a 30-day old rabbit. Diagnosis? Treatment? What coinfection makes this worse?
Rabbit rotavirus
Supportive care
E. coli coinfection makes lesions worse
215
Most likely etiology?
Turbinate atrophy d/t Pasteurella multocida
216
A weaned rabbit recently underwent a food change and presented with profuse diarrhea and death. What is the most likely etiology and how should this be prevented in future?
Clostridium spiriforme
Cholestyramine, careful feed changes, treatment of concurrent infections, reduction of stress
217
What is the most likely etiology in a weanling rabbit and what 3 clinical syndromes can it present with?
Attaching and effacing E coli
(1) enteritis
(2) UTI
(3) sepsis/meningitis
218
Is the etiology gram + or gram -
What special stains can be used to diagnose it?
Gram - (Lawsonia intracellularis)
Warthin-Starry, PAS
219
Diagnosis?
mucoid enteropathy
220
Most likely etiology?
Staph aureus
221
Method of inheritance?
autosomal recessive
222
Method of inheritance?
Age of onset for clinical signs?
autosomal recessive with incomplete penetrance
3-5mo
223
This presentation is a sequelae to what infection and what route of infection in dwarf rabbits?
Cataract due to Encephalitozoon cuniculi uterine transmission
224
Genus
Lepus
225
Life cycle for what organism?
Taenia
226
Organism seen after removal from an outdoor-housed rabbit. Common name?
Cuterebra
227
Organism identified on a pruritic rabbit. What is it?
Sarcoptes scabei
228
Organism found on ear exudate from a rabbit. What is it?
Psoroptes cuniculus
229
Most likely etiology in a weanling rabbit with potbelly and icterus
Eimeria stiedae
230
Recommended treatment for a rabbitry with a weanling rabbit with weight loss, potbelly, and anorexia and this on necropsy.
Likely Eimeria stiedae
Treat with sulfaquinozaline, sulfonamide, toltrazuril and better sanitation
231
Most likely diagnosis?
Uterine adenocarcinoma
232
Most common neoplasia in young rabbits
Lymphoma
233
European rabbit with epistaxis and death. Most likely etiology? What do you expect to see on histopath?
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease caused by rabbit calicivirus
hepatocellular periportal necrosis is the most common finding; necrosis and thrombi in various organs
234
Rabbit vulva. Most likely etiology and treatment?
Treponema paraluiscuniculi (or paraluisleporis)
Treat with Pen-G and rederivation
235
What sample is collected with this method?
CSF
236
Most likely etiology?
Psoroptes cuniculi
237
The pictured tumor is commonly studied as a cause of rapid metastasis for treatment and imaging modalities. What is it and where did it originate?
VX-2 carcinoma, originated from Shope papillomavirus
238
This tumor, pictured below in an eye model, is used in tumor immunology studies and may regress even after metastasis. What is it and where did it come from?
Brown Pearce carcinoma from contaminated rabbit testis used on Treponema study
239
Two differentials for this clinical sign in rabbits
Otitis media d/t Pasteurella
Encephalitis d/t Encephalitozoon cuniculi
240
Identify 5, 11, and 8
5- sacculus rotundus
8- vermiform appendix
11- fusus coli
