Title
Describe the common causative organisms, routes of transmission and routine diagnostic tests associated with urinary tract infections. What causes sterile pyruria?
Urinary tract infections: Causative organisms, transmission routes, diagnostic tests and Sterile Pyuria
Common pathogen
Introduction- Paragraph 1
Describe the common causative organisms, routes of transmission and routine diagnostic tests associated with urinary tract infections. What causes sterile pyruria?
- Urinary tracts infections (UTIs) common bacterial infections
- Kidneysm bladder and urethra
Common causative organism
-Gram negative bacteria: Escherichia cole
Others
- Klebsilla pneumoniae
- Proteus mirabilis
- Enterobacter species
- Stapylococuss saprophyticus
- >part of the intestinal flora
- enter urinary tract through urethra -> infection
Routes of transmission
Paragraph 2
Describe the commoncausative organisms, routes of transmission and routine diagnostic tests associated with urinary tract infections. What causes sterile pyruria?
Routes of transmission
- introduction of bacteria into urinary tract
- Enter urethra and ascend towards bladder and beyond
Most cases: bacteria already present in the gastrointestinal tract
- >when these bactria enter urinary tract-> infection
- Sexual activity :bacteria enter urethra during sexual activity
- Urinary catheterization
Diagnoses of UTIs
Paragraph 3
Describe the common causative organisms, routes of transmission and routine diagnostic tests associated with urinary tract infections. What causes sterile pyruria?
Diagnoses of UTIs
- Combination: physical examination, medical history and laboratory tests
Common diagnostic tests
- Urinanalysis
- Urine culture
- Imaging studies
Urinanalysis
- Examine urine sample: presence of WBC, bscteria, other infection signs, RBC
Urine Culture
- Identify specific pathogenic bacteria
- useful: treatment guidance ->antibiotic therapy
Imaging studies
- ultrasound
- CT scan/MRI
- complication concerns
- assess extent of infection and sturctural abnormalities
- underlying conditions
Sterile pyrunia and causes
Paragraph 4
Describe the commoncausative organisms, routes of transmission and routine diagnostic tests associated with urinary tract infections. What causes sterile pyruria?
Sterile pyrunia
- presence of WBC in urine w/out evidenceof bacteria in urine culture
Causes
- common findings with UTI patients,
- and other conditions: viral infections, interstitial cystitis, Sexually transmitted infections
- medications: nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Kidney stones
- Some cases: no underlying caus can be identified
Summary of everything
Conclusion - Paragraph 5
Describe the commoncausative organisms, routes of transmission and routine diagnostic tests associated with urinary tract infections. What causes sterile pyruria?
- UTI common bacteria infections affecting urinary tract
- Gram negative acteria: E.coli:most common causative organism
- Varies in route transmission:sexual activity, bacterial entry thugh urethra
- Diagnoses: combination of hysical examination, medical istory, lab test: urinanalysis and culture
- Sterile pyrunia: common amongst UTI patients, and sometimes other conditions
- Early detection, treatment -> prevent complications, optimise patient outcomes
