204 - test 3 - nutrition, metabolism, and temperature regulation

Question 0

Disaccharides

Answer 0

Sucrose (table sugar), maltose, lactose (milk sugar)

Question 1

Monosaccharides

Answer 1

Glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 2

Polysaccharides (complex carbs)

Answer 2

Starch, glycogen, cellulose

Question 3

Lipids

Answer 3

Fat (solid), oil (liquids)

Question 4

Neutral fats (triglycerides)

Answer 4

Fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 5

Cholesterol

Answer 5

Complex lipid-soluble, stable molecule.

Question 6

Phospholipids

Answer 6

Two fatty acids bound with phosphorous

Question 7

Essential fatty acids

Answer 7

Polyunsaturated lipid chains obtainable through the diet

Question 8

Proteins

Answer 8

Long chains of amino acids in a specific order

Question 9

Amino acids are either…..

Answer 9

Essential (must be obtained in the diet) or non-essential (can be synthesized by the body.)

Question 10

Complete proteins - def and examples.

Answer 10

Foods with contain all essential amino acids. (Like milk, meats, eggs, a grain plus a bean.)

Question 11

Vitamins

Answer 11

Large, complex organic molecules needed by body cells but not synthesized (made) by cells.

Question 12

Vitamins - source

Answer 12

Plans or animals.

Question 13

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 13

D-E-A-K

Question 14

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 14

C+b vitamins

Question 15

Antioxidant vitamins

Answer 15

A, c, e

Question 16

Minerals

Answer 16

Inorganic elements needed by body cells.

Question 17

Major minerals (bone components)

Answer 17

Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium.

Question 18

Trace minerals

Answer 18

Only tiny amounts are needed..like iron, iodine, zinc, etc

Question 19

Metabolism

Answer 19

Study of chemical reactions involved in producing and storing energy, synthesizing compounds, and regulating these.

Question 20

Anabolism

Answer 20

Reactions that build up large molecules from smaller ones

Question 21

Catabolism

Answer 21

Reactions that break down molecules into smaller ones

Question 22

Coupled reactions

Answer 22

Using energy releases from catabolic reactions to drive anabolic reactions

Question 23

Glycolysis -

Answer 23

Enzymatic catabolism of glucose

Question 24

Acetyl co a formation (only with 02)

Answer 24

Each pyruvic acid loses a c02, and energy rich h's form Acetyl.

Question 25

Citric acid cycle

Answer 25

Enzymatic breakdown of the products of glycolysis.

Question 26

Electron transport chain

Answer 26

Energy rich h's from glycolysis mode down a staircase of enzymes. Releases large amounts of energy.

Question 27

Lipogenesis

Answer 27

Lipid production

Question 28

Trans animation

Answer 28

Transferring an amino group from an amino acid to a ketoacid to synthesize nonessential amino acids.

Question 29

Glycogenolysis

Answer 29

Breakdown of glycogen, forming glucose.

Question 30

Lipolysis

Answer 30

Fat breakdown?

Question 31

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 31

Liver transforms gycerol to glucose

Question 32

Beta oxidation

Answer 32

The breakdown of fatty acids into many acetyls.

Question 33

Ketogenesis

Answer 33

Liver transforms acetyls to ketone bodies.

Question 34

Metabolic rate

Answer 34

Body's total energy use/time