Flashcards in 204 - test 3 - nutrition, metabolism, and temperature regulation Deck (35)
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Monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose, galactose
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Disaccharides
Sucrose (table sugar), maltose, lactose (milk sugar)
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Polysaccharides (complex carbs)
Starch, glycogen, cellulose
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Lipids
Fat (solid), oil (liquids)
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Neutral fats (triglycerides)
Fatty acids and glycerol.
5
Cholesterol
Complex lipid-soluble, stable molecule.
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Phospholipids
Two fatty acids bound with phosphorous
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Essential fatty acids
Polyunsaturated lipid chains obtainable through the diet
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Proteins
Long chains of amino acids in a specific order
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Amino acids are either.....
Essential (must be obtained in the diet) or non-essential (can be synthesized by the body.)
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Complete proteins - def and examples.
Foods with contain all essential amino acids. (Like milk, meats, eggs, a grain plus a bean.)
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Vitamins
Large, complex organic molecules needed by body cells but not synthesized (made) by cells.
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Vitamins - source
Plans or animals.
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Fat soluble vitamins
D-E-A-K
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Water soluble vitamins
C+b vitamins
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Antioxidant vitamins
A, c, e
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Minerals
Inorganic elements needed by body cells.
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Major minerals (bone components)
Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium.
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Trace minerals
Only tiny amounts are needed..like iron, iodine, zinc, etc
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Metabolism
Study of chemical reactions involved in producing and storing energy, synthesizing compounds, and regulating these.
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Anabolism
Reactions that build up large molecules from smaller ones
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Catabolism
Reactions that break down molecules into smaller ones
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Coupled reactions
Using energy releases from catabolic reactions to drive anabolic reactions
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Glycolysis -
Enzymatic catabolism of glucose
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Acetyl co a formation (only with 02)
Each pyruvic acid loses a c02, and energy rich h's form Acetyl.
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Citric acid cycle
Enzymatic breakdown of the products of glycolysis.
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Electron transport chain
Energy rich h's from glycolysis mode down a staircase of enzymes. Releases large amounts of energy.
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Lipogenesis
Lipid production
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Trans animation
Transferring an amino group from an amino acid to a ketoacid to synthesize nonessential amino acids.
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