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TOEFL-45 > List-36 > Flashcards

List-36 Flashcards

1
Q

accustom

A
  • *vt. 使习惯于
  • ——————————————**
  1. make psychologically or physically used (to something)
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2
Q

admiration

A
  • *n. 钦佩；赞赏；羡慕；赞美
  • ——————————————**
  1. a feeling of delighted approval and liking
  2. the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising
  3. a favorable judgment
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3
Q

afflict

A
  • *vt. 折磨；使痛苦；使苦恼
  • ——————————————**
  1. cause great unhappiness for; distress
  2. cause pain or suffering in
  3. cause bodily suffering to and make sick or indisposed
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4
Q

analyze

A
  • *vt. 对…进行分析，分解（等于analyse）
  • ——————————————**
  1. consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning
  2. make a mathematical, chemical, or grammatical analysis of; break down into components or essential features
  3. break down into components or essential features
  4. subject to psychoanalytic treatment
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5
Q

aquarium

A
  • *n. 水族馆；养鱼池；玻璃缸
  • ——————————————**
  1. a tank or pool or bowl filled with water for keeping live fish and underwater animals
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6
Q

attend

A
  • *vt. 出席；上（大学等）；照料；招待；陪伴
    vi. 出席；致力于；照料；照顾
  • ——————————————**
  1. be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc.
  2. take charge of or deal with
  3. to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result
  4. work for or be a servant to
  5. give heed (to)
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7
Q

audit

A
  • *vi. 审计；[审计] 查帐
    n. 审计；[审计] 查帐
    vt. （美）旁听
  • ——————————————**
  1. an inspection of the accounting procedures and records by a trained accountant or CPA
  2. a methodical examination or review of a condition or situation
  3. examine carefully for accuracy with the intent of verification
  4. attend academic courses without getting credit
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8
Q

authorize

A
  • *vt. 批准，认可；授权给；委托代替
  • ——————————————**
  1. grant authorization or clearance for
  2. give or delegate power or authority to
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9
Q

automatic

A
  • *adj. 自动的；无意识的；必然的
    n. 自动机械；自动手枪
  • ——————————————**
  1. light machine gun
  2. a pistol that will keep firing until the ammunition is gone or the trigger is released
  3. operating with minimal human intervention; independent of external control
  4. like the unthinking functioning of a machine
  5. without volition or conscious control
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10
Q

belie

A
  • *vt. 掩饰；与…不符；使失望；证明…虚假错误
  • ——————————————**
  1. be in contradiction with
  2. represent falsely
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11
Q

cactus

A
  • *n. [园艺] 仙人掌
  • ——————————————**
  1. any succulent plant of the family Cactaceae native chiefly to arid regions of the New World and usually having spines
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12
Q

capability

A
  • *n. 才能，能力；性能，容量
  • ——————————————**
  1. the quality of being capable – physically or intellectually or legally
  2. the susceptibility of something to a particular treatment
  3. an aptitude that may be developed
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13
Q

choir

A
  • *n. 唱诗班；合唱队；舞蹈队
    vt. 合唱
    vi. 合唱
  • ——————————————**
  1. a chorus that sings as part of a religious ceremony
  2. a family of similar musical instrument playing together
  3. the area occupied by singers; the part of the chancel between sanctuary and nave
  4. sing in a choir
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14
Q

citadel

A
  • *n. 城堡；大本营；避难处
  • ——————————————**
  1. a stronghold into which people could go for shelter during a battle
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15
Q

combination

A
  • *n. 结合；组合；联合；[化学] 化合
  • ——————————————**
  1. a collection of things that have been combined; an assemblage of separate parts or qualities
  2. a coordinated sequence of chess moves
  3. a sequence of numbers or letters that opens a combination lock
  4. a group of people (often temporary) having a common purpose
  5. an alliance of people or corporations or countries for a special purpose (formerly to achieve some antisocial end but now for general political or economic purposes)
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16
Q

commission

A
  • *n. 委员会；佣金；犯；委任；委任状
    vt. 委任；使服役；委托制作
  • ——————————————**
  1. a special group delegated to consider some matter
  2. a fee for services rendered based on a percentage of an amount received or collected or agreed to be paid (as distinguished from a salary)
  3. the act of granting authority to undertake certain functions
  4. the state of being in good working order and ready for operation
  5. a group of representatives or delegates
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17
Q

community

A
  • *n. 社区；[生态] 群落；共同体；团体
  • ——————————————**
  1. a group of people living in a particular local area
  2. a group of people having ethnic or cultural or religious characteristics in common
  3. common ownership
  4. a group of nations having common interests
  5. the body of people in a learned occupation
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18
Q

contaminate

A
  • *vt. 污染，弄脏
  • ——————————————**
  1. make impure
  2. make radioactive by adding radioactive material
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19
Q

contrary

A
  • *adj. 相反的；对立的
    adv. 相反地
    n. 相反；反面
  • ——————————————**
  1. a relation of direct opposition
  2. exact opposition
  3. a logical relation such that two propositions are contraries if both cannot be true but both can be false
  4. very opposed in nature or character or purpose
  5. of words or propositions so related that both cannot be true but both may be false
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20
Q

convection

A
  • *n. [流][气象] 对流；传送
  • ——————————————**
  1. the transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion
  2. (meteorology) the vertical movement of heat or other properties by massive motion within the atmosphere
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21
Q

conversion

A
  • *n. 转换；变换；[金融] 兑换；改变信仰
  • ——————————————**
  1. an event that results in a transformation
  2. a change in the units or form of an expression:
  3. a successful free throw or try for point after a touchdown
  4. a spiritual enlightenment causing a person to lead a new life
  5. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism represses emotional conflicts which are then converted into physical symptoms that have no organic basis
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22
Q

correspondence

A
  • *n. 通信；一致；相当
  • ——————————————**
  1. communication by the exchange of letters
  2. compatibility of observations
  3. the relation of corresponding in degree or size or amount
  4. a function such that for every element of one set there is a unique element of another set
  5. (mathematics) an attribute of a shape or relation; exact reflection of form on opposite sides of a dividing line or plane
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23
Q

counteract

A
  • *vt. 抵消；中和；阻碍
  • ——————————————**
  1. act in opposition to
  2. oppose or check by a counteraction
  3. oppose and mitigate the effects of by contrary actions
  4. destroy property or hinder normal operations
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24
Q

delirium

A
  • *n. 精神错乱；发狂，狂热；说谵语状态
  • ——————————————**
  1. state of violent mental agitation
  2. a usually brief state of excitement and mental confusion often accompanied by hallucinations
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25
Q

depart

A
  • *vi. 离开；出发，起程；违反；去世
    adj. 逝世的
  • ——————————————**
  1. move away from a place into another direction
  2. be at variance with; be out of line with
  3. leave
  4. go away or leave
  5. remove oneself from an association with or participation in
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26
Q

diminish

A
  • *vt. 使减少；使变小
    vi. 减少，缩小；变小
  • ——————————————**
  1. decrease in size, extent, or range
  2. lessen the authority, dignity, or reputation of
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27
Q

dispose

A
  • *vt. 处理；处置；安排
    vi. 处理；安排；（能够）决定
    n. 处置；性情
  • ——————————————**
  1. give, sell, or transfer to another
  2. throw or cast away
  3. make receptive or willing towards an action or attitude or belief
  4. make fit or prepared
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28
Q

earnest

A
  • *adj. 认真的，热心的；重要的
    n. 认真；定金；诚挚
    n. (Earnest)人名；(英)欧内斯特
  • ——————————————**
  1. something of value given by one person to another to bind a contract
  2. characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions
  3. earnest
  4. not distracted by anything unrelated to the goal
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29
Q

edible

A
  • *adj. 可食用的
    n. 食品；食物
  • ——————————————**
  1. any substance that can be used as food
  2. suitable for use as food
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30
Q

elliptical

A
  • *adj. 椭圆的；省略的
  • ——————————————**
  1. rounded like an egg
  2. characterized by extreme economy of expression or omission of superfluous elements
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31
Q

enroll

A
  • *vt. 登记；使加入；把…记入名册；使入伍
    vi. 参加；登记；注册；记入名册
  • ——————————————**
  1. register formally as a participant or member
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32
Q

exposition

A
  • *n. 博览会；阐述；展览会
  • ——————————————**
  1. a systematic interpretation or explanation (usually written) of a specific topic
  2. a collection of things (goods or works of art etc.) for public display
  3. an account that sets forth the meaning or intent of a writing or discourse
  4. (music) the section of a movement (especially in sonata form) where the major musical themes first occur
33
Q

flame

A
  • *n. 火焰；热情；光辉
    v. 焚烧；泛红
    n. (Flame)人名；(法)弗拉姆；(西)弗拉梅
  • ——————————————**
  1. the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke
  2. shine with a sudden light
  3. be in flames or aflame
  4. criticize harshly, on the e-mail
34
Q

flora

A
  • *n. 植物区系；植物群
  • ——————————————**
  1. all the plant life in a particular region or period
  2. a living organism lacking the power of locomotion
35
Q

frost

A
  • *vt. 结霜于；冻坏
    vi. 结霜；受冻
    n. 霜；冰冻，严寒；冷淡
    n. (Frost)人名；(英、捷、葡、瑞典、德、匈、罗、丹、俄)弗罗斯特
  • ——————————————**
  1. ice crystals forming a white deposit (especially on objects outside)
  2. weather cold enough to cause freezing
  3. the formation of frost or ice on a surface
  4. United States poet famous for his lyrical poems on country life in New England (1874-1963)
  5. decorate with frosting
36
Q

greeting

A
  • *n. 问候，招呼；祝贺
    v. 致敬，欢迎（greet的现在分词）
  • ——————————————**
  1. (usually plural) an acknowledgment or expression of good will (especially on meeting)
37
Q

hardly

A
  • *adv. 几乎不，简直不；刚刚
  • ——————————————**
  1. by a small margin
  2. almost not
38
Q

instrument

A
  • *n. 仪器；工具；乐器；手段；器械
  • ——————————————**
  1. a device that requires skill for proper use
  2. the means whereby some act is accomplished
  3. a person used by another to gain an end
  4. (law) a document that states some contractual relationship or grants some right
  5. the semantic role of the entity (usually inanimate) that the agent uses to perform an action or start a process
39
Q

lichen

A
  • *n. 地衣；青苔
    vt. 使长满地衣
  • ——————————————**
  1. any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks
  2. any thallophytic plant of the division Lichenes; occur as crusty patches or bushy growths on tree trunks or rocks or bare ground etc.
40
Q

likewise

A
  • *adv. 同样地；也
  • ——————————————**
  1. in like or similar manner
  2. in addition
  3. equally
41
Q

marine

A
  • *adj. 船舶的；海生的；海产的；航海的，海运的
    n. 海运业；舰队；水兵；（海军）士兵或军官
    n. (Marine)人名；(西)马里内；(英)马林
  • ——————————————**
  1. a member of the United States Marine Corps
  2. a soldier who serves both on shipboard and on land
  3. of or relating to the sea
  4. relating to or involving ships or shipping or navigation or seamen
  5. of or relating to military personnel who serve both on land and at sea (specifically the U.S. Marine Corps)
42
Q

measure

A
  • *n. 测量；措施；程度；尺寸
    vt. 测量；估量；权衡
    vi. 测量；估量
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule
  2. a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated
  3. how much there is of something that you can quantify
  4. any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal
  5. a statute in draft before it becomes law
43
Q

mechanize

A
  • *vt. 使机械化；机动化；用机械装置
  • ——————————————**
  1. equip with armed and armored motor vehicles
  2. make monotonous; make automatic or routine
  3. make mechanical
44
Q

novice

A
  • *n. 初学者，新手
    n. (Novice)人名；(法)诺维斯
  • ——————————————**
  1. someone who has entered a religious order but has not taken final vows
  2. someone new to a field or activity
45
Q

obedience

A
  • *n. 顺从；服从；遵守
    n. (Obedience)人名；(英)奥贝丁丝
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of obeying; dutiful or submissive behavior with respect to another person
  2. the trait of being willing to obey
  3. behavior intended to please your parents
46
Q

obsolete

A
  • *adj. 废弃的；老式的
    n. 废词；陈腐的人
    vt. 淘汰；废弃
  • ——————————————**
  1. old; no longer in use or valid or fashionable
  2. no longer in use
47
Q

occupy

A
  • *vt. 占据，占领；居住；使忙碌
  • ——————————————**
  1. be present in; be inside of
  2. keep busy with
  3. live (in a certain place)
  4. occupy the whole of
  5. be on the mind of
48
Q

outermost

A
  • *adj. 最外面的；最远的
  • ——————————————**
  1. situated at the farthest possible point from a center
49
Q

parliament

A
  • *n. 议会，国会
  • ——————————————**
  1. a legislative assembly in certain countries
  2. a card game in which you play your sevens and other cards in sequence in the same suit as the sevens; you win if you are the first to use all your cards
50
Q

pheromone

A
  • *n. 信息素（用于生化领域）；费洛蒙（昆虫分泌以刺激同种昆虫之化合物质）
  • ——————————————**
  1. a chemical substance secreted externally by some animals (especially insects) that influences the physiology or behavior of other animals of the same species
51
Q

porous

A
  • *adj. 多孔渗水的；能渗透的；有气孔的
  • ——————————————**
  1. able to absorb fluids
  2. full of pores or vessels or holes
  3. allowing passage in and out
52
Q

possess

A
  • *vt. 控制；使掌握；持有；迷住；拥有，具备
  • ——————————————**
  1. have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill
  2. have ownership or possession of
  3. enter into and control, as of emotions or ideas
53
Q

powder

A
  • *n. 粉；粉末；[化工][军] 火药；尘土
    vt. 使成粉末；撒粉；搽粉于
    vi. 搽粉；变成粉末
  • ——————————————**
  1. a solid substance in the form of tiny loose particles; a solid that has been pulverized
  2. a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur in a 75:15:10 ratio which is used in gunnery, time fuses, and fireworks
  3. any of various cosmetic or medical preparations dispensed in the form of a pulverized powder
  4. apply powder to
  5. make into a powder by breaking up or cause to become dust
54
Q

prior

A
  • *adj. 优先的；在先的，在前的
    adv. 在前，居先
    n. (Prior)人名；(法、西、葡、捷)普里奥尔；(英)普赖尔；(意)普廖尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. the head of a religious order; in an abbey the prior is next below the abbot
  2. earlier in time
55
Q

puddle

A
  • *n. 水坑，泥潭；胶土（由粘土与水和成，不透水）
    vt. 使泥泞，搅浑；把…捣制成胶土；搅炼；用胶土填塞
    vi. 搅泥浆；在水坑中嬉戏
  • ——————————————**
  1. a mixture of wet clay and sand that can be used to line a pond and that is impervious to water when dry
  2. a small body of standing water (rainwater) or other liquid
  3. something resembling a pool of liquid
  4. wade or dabble in a puddle
  5. subject to puddling or form by puddling
56
Q

pure

A
  • *adj. 纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的；清白的；纯理论的
    n. (Pure)人名；(俄)普雷
  • ——————————————**
  1. free of extraneous elements of any kind
  2. without qualification; used informally as (often pejorative) intensifiers
  3. concerned with theory and data rather than practice; opposed to applied
  4. (of color) being chromatically pure; not diluted with white or grey or black
  5. free from discordant qualities
57
Q

rarely

A
  • *adv. 很少地；难得；罕有地
  • ——————————————**
  1. not often
58
Q

recoil

A
  • *vi. 畏缩；弹回；报应
    n. 畏缩；弹回；反作用
  • ——————————————**
  1. the backward jerk of a gun when it is fired
  2. a movement back from an impact
  3. draw back, as with fear or pain
  4. come back to the originator of an action with an undesired effect
  5. spring back; spring away from an impact
59
Q

recommend

A
  • *vt. 推荐，介绍；劝告；使受欢迎；托付
    vi. 推荐；建议
  • ——————————————**
  1. push for something
  2. express a good opinion of
  3. make attractive or acceptable
60
Q

recover

A
  • *vt. 恢复；弥补；重新获得
    vi. 恢复；胜诉；重新得球
    n. 还原至预备姿势
    n. (Recover)人名；(西)雷科韦尔
  • ——————————————**
  1. get or find back; recover the use of
  2. get over an illness or shock
  3. regain a former condition after a financial loss
  4. regain or make up for
  5. reuse (materials from waste products)
61
Q

regulate

A
  • *vt. 调节，规定；控制；校准；有系统的管理
  • ——————————————**
  1. fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of
  2. bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations
  3. shape or influence; give direction to
  4. check the emission of (sound)
62
Q

relatively

A
  • *adv. 相当地；相对地，比较地
  • ——————————————**
  1. in a relative manner; by comparison to something else
63
Q

relieve

A
  • *vt. 解除，减轻；使不单调乏味；换…的班；解围；使放心
  • ——————————————**
  1. provide physical relief, as from pain
  2. free someone temporarily from his or her obligations
  3. grant relief or an exemption from a rule or requirement to
  4. lessen the intensity of or calm
  5. save from ruin, destruction, or harm
64
Q

reservoir

A
  • *n. 水库；蓄水池
  • ——————————————**
  1. a large or extra supply of something
  2. lake used to store water for community use
  3. tank used for collecting and storing a liquid (as water or oil)
  4. anything (a person or animal or plant or substance) in which an infectious agent normally lives and multiplies
65
Q

second

A
  • *n. 秒；第二名；瞬间；二等品
    vt. 支持
    adj. 第二的；次要的；附加的
    num. 第二
    adv. 第二；其次；居第二位
  • ——————————————**
  1. 1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d’Unites
  2. an indefinitely short time
  3. the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed near the second of the bases in the infield
  4. a particular point in time
  5. following the first in an ordering or series
66
Q

seminar

A
  • *n. 讨论会，研讨班
  • ——————————————**
  1. any meeting for an exchange of ideas
  2. a course offered for a small group of advanced students
67
Q

sentimental

A
  • *adj. 伤感的；多愁善感的；感情用事的；寓有情感的
  • ——————————————**
  1. given to or marked by sentiment or sentimentality
  2. effusively or insincerely emotional
68
Q

source

A
  • *n. 来源；水源；原始资料
    n. (Source)人名；(法)苏尔斯
  • ——————————————**
  1. the place where something begins, where it springs into being
  2. a person who supplies information
  3. a publication (or a passage from a publication) that is referred to
  4. a document (or organization) from which information is obtained
  5. a facility where something is available
69
Q

statistical

A
  • *adj. 统计的；统计学的
  • ——————————————**
  1. of or relating to statistics
70
Q

stature

A
  • *n. 身高，身材；（精神、道德等的）高度
  • ——————————————**
  1. high level of respect gained by impressive development or achievement
  2. (of a standing person) the distance from head to foot
71
Q

sting

A
  • *n. 刺痛；讽刺，刺激；刺毛
    vt. 刺；驱使；使…苦恼；使…疼痛
    vi. 刺痛；被刺痛；感到剧痛
    n. (Sting)人名；(英)斯廷；(德)施廷
  • ——————————————**
  1. a kind of pain; something as sudden and painful as being stung
  2. a mental pain or distress
  3. a painful wound caused by the thrust of an insect’s stinger into skin
  4. a swindle in which you cheat at gambling or persuade a person to buy worthless property
  5. cause a sharp or stinging pain or discomfort
72
Q

suitcase

A
  • *n. [轻] 手提箱；衣箱
  • ——————————————**
  1. a portable rectangular container for carrying clothes
73
Q

topographical

A
  • *adj. 地志的；地形学的（等于topographic）
  • ——————————————**
  1. concerned with topography
74
Q

validity

A
  • *n. [计] 有效性；正确；正确性
  • ——————————————**
  1. the quality of being logically valid
  2. the quality of having legal force or effectiveness
75
Q

varied

A
  • *adj. 多变的；各式各样的；杂色的
    v. 改变；使多样化（vary的过去式和过去分词形式）
  • ——————————————**
  1. characterized by variety
  2. widely different
  3. broken away from sameness or identity or duplication
76
Q

volatile

A
  • *adj. [化学] 挥发性的；不稳定的；爆炸性的；反覆无常的
    n. 挥发物；有翅的动物
    n. (Volatile)人名；(意)沃拉蒂莱
  • ——————————————**
  1. a volatile substance; a substance that changes readily from solid or liquid to a vapor
  2. evaporating readily at normal temperatures and pressures
  3. liable to lead to sudden change or violence
  4. marked by erratic changeableness in affections or attachments
  5. tending to vary often or widely
77
Q

ware

A
  • *n. 陶器，器皿；制品；器具；货物
    vt. 留心；小心
    n. (Ware)人名；(罗)瓦雷；(英、加纳)韦尔；(日)吾(姓)
  • ——————————————**
  1. articles of the same kind or material; usually used in combination: silverware', software’
  2. commodities offered for sale
  3. spend extravagantly
78
Q

wary

A
  • *adj. 谨慎的；机警的；惟恐的；考虑周到的
  • ——————————————**
  1. marked by keen caution and watchful prudence
  2. openly distrustful and unwilling to confide
79
Q

weed

A
  • *vt. 除草；铲除
    n. 杂草，野草；菸草
    vi. 除草
    n. (Weed)人名；(英)威德
  • ——————————————**
  1. any plant that crowds out cultivated plants
  2. a black band worn by a man (on the arm or hat) as a sign of mourning
  3. street names for marijuana
  4. clear of weeds

TOEFL-45 (45 decks)

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