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TOEFL-45 > List-5 > Flashcards

List-5 Flashcards

1
Q

assimilate

A
  • *vt. 吸收；使同化；把…比作；使相似
    vi. 吸收；同化
  • ——————————————**
  1. take up mentally
  2. become similar to one’s environment
  3. make similar
  4. take (gas, light or heat) into a solution
  5. become similar in sound
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2
Q

audio

A
  • *adj. 声音的；[声] 音频的，[声] 声频的
  • ——————————————**
  1. the audible part of a transmitted signal
  2. an audible acoustic wave frequency
  3. the sound elements of television
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3
Q

axis

A
  • *n. 轴；轴线；轴心国
  • ——————————————**
  1. a straight line through a body or figure that satisfies certain conditions
  2. the center around which something rotates
  3. the main stem or central part about which plant organs or plant parts such as branches are arranged
  4. in World War II the alliance of Germany and Italy in 1936 which later included Japan and other nations
  5. a group of countries in special alliance
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4
Q

cable

A
  • *n. 缆绳；电缆；海底电报
    vt. 打电报
    vi. 打海底电报
  • ——————————————**
  1. a telegram sent abroad
  2. a conductor for transmitting electrical or optical signals or electric power
  3. a very strong thick rope made of twisted hemp or steel wire
  4. a nautical unit of depth
  5. television that is transmitted over cable directly to the receiver
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5
Q

chubby

A
  • *adj. 圆胖的，丰满的
  • ——————————————**
  1. euphemisms for slightly fat
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6
Q

committee

A
  • *n. 委员会
  • ——————————————**
  1. a special group delegated to consider some matter
  2. a self-constituted organization to promote something
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7
Q

commute

A
  • *vt. 减刑；交换；用……交换；使……变成
    vi. 通勤；代偿
    n. 通勤（口语）
  • ——————————————**
  1. a regular journey of some distance to and from your place of work
  2. move from one side of an equation to the other side without a change in value
  3. travel back and forth regularly, as between one’s place of work and home
  4. change the order or arrangement of
  5. exchange a penalty for a less severe one
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8
Q

consult

A
  • *vt. 查阅；商量；向…请教
    vi. 请教；商议；当顾问
  • ——————————————**
  1. get or ask advice from
  2. seek information from
  3. have a conference in order to talk something over
  4. advise professionally
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9
Q

converse

A
  • *adj. 相反的，逆向的；颠倒的
    vi. 交谈，谈话；认识
    n. 逆行，逆向；倒；相反的事物
    n. (Converse)人名；(英)康弗斯
  • ——————————————**
  1. a proposition obtained by conversion
  2. carry on a conversation
  3. of words so related that one reverses the relation denoted by the other
  4. turned about in order or relation
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10
Q

corrosive

A
  • *adj. 腐蚀的；侵蚀性的
    n. 腐蚀物
  • ——————————————**
  1. a substance having the tendency to cause corrosion (such a strong acids or alkali)
  2. of a substance, especially a strong acid; capable of destroying or eating away by chemical action
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11
Q

courageous

A
  • *adj. 有胆量的，勇敢的
  • ——————————————**
  1. possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching
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12
Q

cousin

A
  • *n. 堂兄弟姊妹；表兄弟姊妹
  • ——————————————**
  1. the child of your aunt or uncle
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13
Q

credential

A
  • *n. 证书；凭据；国书
  • ——————————————**
  1. a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts
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14
Q

define

A
  • *vt. 定义；使明确；规定
    n. (Define)人名；(英)德法恩；(葡)德菲内
  • ——————————————**
  1. give a definition for the meaning of a word
  2. determine the essential quality of
  3. determine the nature of
  4. show the form or outline of
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15
Q

denote

A
  • *vt. 表示，指示
  • ——————————————**
  1. be a sign or indication of
  2. have as a meaning
  3. make known; make an announcement
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16
Q

detergent

A
  • *n. 清洁剂；去垢剂
  • ——————————————**
  1. a surface-active chemical widely used in industry and laundering
  2. a cleansing agent that differs from soap but can also emulsify oils and hold dirt in suspension
  3. having cleansing power
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17
Q

device

A
  • *n. 装置；策略；图案
  • ——————————————**
  1. an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose
  2. something in an artistic work designed to achieve a particular effect
  3. any clever maneuver
  4. any ornamental pattern or design (as in embroidery)
  5. an emblematic design (especially in heraldry)
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18
Q

dominant

A
  • *adj. 显性的；占优势的；支配的，统治的
    n. 显性
  • ——————————————**
  1. (music) the fifth note of the diatonic scale
  2. an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different
  3. exercising influence or control
  4. (of genes) producing the same phenotype whether its allele is identical or dissimilar
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19
Q

estimate

A
  • *vi. 估计，估价
    n. 估计，估价；判断，看法
    vt. 估计，估量；判断，评价
  • ——————————————**
  1. an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth
  2. a judgment of the qualities of something or somebody
  3. a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation)
  4. a statement indicating the likely cost of some job
  5. the respect with which a person is held
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20
Q

excavation

A
  • *n. 挖掘，发掘
  • ——————————————**
  1. the act of digging
  2. the site of an archeological exploration
  3. a hole in the ground made by excavating
  4. the act of extracting ores or coal etc from the earth
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21
Q

facilitate

A
  • *vt. 促进；帮助；使容易
  • ——————————————**
  1. make easier
  2. be of use
  3. increase the likelihood of (a response)
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22
Q

fellow

A
  • *n. 家伙；朋友；同事；会员
    adj. 同伴的，同事的；同道的
    vt. 使…与另一个对等；使…与另一个匹敌
    n. (Fellow)人名；(英)费洛
  • ——————————————**
  1. a boy or man
  2. a person who is frequently in the company of another
  3. a person who is member of your class or profession
  4. an informal form of address for a man
  5. a man who is the lover of a girl or young woman
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23
Q

foremost

A
  • *adj. 最重要的；最先的
    adv. 首先；居于首位地
  • ——————————————**
  1. ranking above all others
  2. situated closest to the bow
  3. preceding all others in spatial position
  4. prominently forward
  5. before anything else
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24
Q

frenzy

A
  • *n. 狂暴；狂怒；暴怒
    vt. 使发狂；使狂怒
  • ——————————————**
  1. state of violent mental agitation
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25
Q

friction

A
  • *n. 摩擦，[力] 摩擦力
  • ——————————————**
  1. a state of conflict between persons
  2. the resistance encountered when one body is moved in contact with another
  3. effort expended in moving one object over another with pressure
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26
Q

hardware

A
  • *n. 计算机硬件；五金器具
  • ——————————————**
  1. major items of military weaponry (as tanks or missile)
  2. instrumentalities (tools or implements) made of metal
  3. (computer science) the mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and electrical components making up a computer system
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27
Q

imprint

A
  • *n. 印记；痕迹；特征；版本说明
    vt. 加特征；刻上记号
  • ——————————————**
  1. a distinctive influence
  2. a concavity in a surface produced by pressing
  3. an identification of a publisher; a publisher’s name along with the date and address and edition that is printed at the bottom of the title page
  4. an impression produced by pressure or printing
  5. a device produced by pressure on a surface
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28
Q

induce

A
  • *vt. 诱导；引起；引诱；感应
  • ——————————————**
  1. cause to arise
  2. cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner
  3. cause to occur rapidly
  4. reason or establish by induction
  5. produce electric current by electrostatic or magnetic processes
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29
Q

inert

A
  • *adj. [化学] 惰性的；呆滞的；迟缓的；无效的
  • ——————————————**
  1. unable to move or resist motion
  2. having only a limited ability to react chemically; chemically inactive
  3. slow and apathetic
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30
Q

infection

A
  • *n. 感染；传染；影响；传染病
  • ——————————————**
  1. the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
  2. (phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
  3. (medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
  4. an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted
  5. the communication of an attitude or emotional state among a number of people
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31
Q

intense

A
  • *adj. 强烈的；紧张的；非常的；热情的
  • ——————————————**
  1. in an extreme degree
  2. extremely sharp or intense
  3. (of color) having the highest saturation
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32
Q

intuitive

A
  • *adj. 直觉的；凭直觉获知的
  • ——————————————**
  1. spontaneously derived from or prompted by a natural tendency
  2. obtained through intuition rather than from reasoning or observation
33
Q

isolated

A
  • *adj. 孤立的；分离的；单独的；[电] 绝缘的
    v. 使孤立；使绝缘；脱离（isolate的过去分词）
  • ——————————————**
  1. not close together in time
  2. being or feeling set or kept apart from others
  3. marked by separation of or from usually contiguous elements
  4. cut off or left behind
  5. under forced isolation especially for health reasons
34
Q

jelly

A
  • *n. 果冻；胶状物
    vi. 成胶状
    vt. 使结冻
    n. (Jelly)人名；(英)杰利；(俄)叶利
  • ——————————————**
  1. a preserve made of the jelled juice of fruit
  2. an edible jelly (sweet or pungent) made with gelatin and used as a dessert or salad base or a coating for foods
  3. a substance having the consistency of semisolid foods
  4. make into jelly
35
Q

jolt

A
  • *vt. 使颠簸；使震惊；使摇动
    vi. 摇晃；颠簸而行
    n. 颠簸；摇晃；震惊；严重挫折
  • ——————————————**
  1. a sudden impact
  2. an abrupt spasmodic movement
  3. move or cause to move with a sudden jerky motion
  4. disturb (someone’s) composure
36
Q

laboratory

A
  • *n. 实验室，研究室
  • ——————————————**
  1. a workplace for the conduct of scientific research
  2. a region resembling a laboratory inasmuch as it offers opportunities for observation and practice and experimentation
37
Q

lament

A
  • *n. 挽歌；恸哭；悲痛之情
    vi. 哀悼；悲叹；悔恨
    vt. 哀悼；痛惜
    n. (Lament)人名；(葡)拉门特；(法)拉芒
  • ——————————————**
  1. a cry of sorrow and grief
  2. a song or hymn of mourning composed or performed as a memorial to a dead person
  3. a mournful poem; a lament for the dead
  4. express grief verbally
  5. regret strongly
38
Q

leftover

A
  • *n. 残留物；吃剩的饭菜；剩余物
    adj. 残余的；吃剩的
  • ——————————————**
  1. a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists
  2. not used up
39
Q

lithosphere

A
  • *n. 陆界，[地物][地质] 岩石圈
  • ——————————————**
  1. the solid part of the earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle
40
Q

manufacture

A
  • *n. 制造；产品；制造业
    vt. 制造；加工；捏造
    vi. 制造
  • ——————————————**
  1. the organized action of making of goods and services for sale
  2. the act of making something (a product) from raw materials
  3. put together out of components or parts
  4. make up something artificial or untrue
41
Q

opposed

A
  • *adj. 相反的；敌对的
    v. 反对（oppose的过去分词）；使对立
  • ——————————————**
  1. in opposition to (a policy or attitude etc.)
  2. being in opposition or having an opponent
42
Q

overhaul

A
  • *vt. 分解检查，大修；追上并超过
    n. 彻底检修，详细检查
  • ——————————————**
  1. periodic maintenance on a car or machine
  2. the act of improving by renewing and restoring
  3. travel past
  4. make repairs, renovations, revisions or adjustments to
43
Q

overtime

A
  • *n. [劳经] 加班时间；延长时间；加时赛
    adj. 超时的；加班的
    vt. 使超过时间
    adv. 加班地
  • ——————————————**
  1. work done in addition to regular working hours
  2. playing time beyond regulation, to break a tie
  3. beyond the regular time
44
Q

pack

A
  • *n. 包装；一群；背包；包裹；一副
    vt. 包装；压紧；捆扎；挑选；塞满
    vi. 挤；包装货物；被包装；群集
    n. (Pack)人名；(英、德)帕克
  • ——————————————**
  1. a large indefinite number
  2. a complete collection of similar things
  3. a convenient package or parcel (as of cigarettes or film)
  4. an association of criminals
  5. an exclusive circle of people with a common purpose
45
Q

pay]

A
  • *vt. 支付，付；偿还，补偿；给予
    vi. 付款；偿还
    n. 工资，薪水；付款；报答
    adj. 收费的；需付费的
  • ——————————————**
  1. something that remunerates
  2. give money, usually in exchange for goods or services
  3. convey, as of a compliment, regards, attention, etc.; bestow
  4. do or give something to somebody in return
  5. bear (a cost or penalty), in recompense for some action
46
Q

perfect

A
  • *adj. 完美的；最好的；精通的
    vt. 使完美；使熟练
    n. 完成式
    n. (Perfect)人名；(英)珀费克特
  • ——————————————**
  1. a tense of verbs used in describing action that has been completed (sometimes regarded as perfective aspect)
  2. make perfect or complete
  3. being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish
  4. without qualification; used informally as (often pejorative) intensifiers
  5. precisely accurate or exact
47
Q

photodissociation

A
  • *n. 光离解
  • ——————————————**
48
Q

pigeon

A
  • *n. 鸽子
    n. (Pigeon)人名；(法)皮容；(英)皮金
  • ——————————————**
  1. wild and domesticated birds having a heavy body and short legs
49
Q

poetry

A
  • *n. 诗；诗意，诗情；诗歌艺术
  • ——————————————**
  1. literature in metrical form
  2. any communication resembling poetry in beauty or the evocation of feeling
50
Q

principle

A
  • *n. 原理，原则；主义，道义；本质，本义；根源，源泉
  • ——————————————**
  1. a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct
  2. a rule or standard especially of good behavior
  3. a basic truth or law or assumption
  4. a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system
  5. rule of personal conduct
51
Q

profound

A
  • *adj. 深厚的；意义深远的；渊博的
  • ——————————————**
  1. showing intellectual penetration or emotional depths; from the depths of your being
  2. of the greatest intensity; complete
  3. far-reaching and thoroughgoing in effect especially on the nature of something
  4. coming from deep within one
  5. (of sleep) deep and complete
52
Q

promote

A
  • *vt. 促进；提升；推销；发扬
    vi. 成为王后或其他大于卒的子
  • ——————————————**
  1. contribute to the progress or growth of
  2. give a promotion to or assign to a higher position
  3. make publicity for; try to sell (a product)
  4. be changed for a superior chess or checker piece
  5. change a pawn for a king by advancing it to the eighth row, or change a checker piece for a more valuable piece by moving it the row closest to your opponent
53
Q

prompt

A
  • *adj. 敏捷的，迅速的；立刻的
    vt. 提示；促进；激起；（给演员）提白
    n. 提示；付款期限；DOS命令：改变DOS系统提示符的风格
    adv. 准时地
  • ——————————————**
  1. a cue given to a performer (usually the beginning of the next line to be spoken)
  2. (computer science) a symbol that appears on the computer screen to indicate that the computer is ready to receive a command
  3. give an incentive for action
  4. serve as the inciting cause of
  5. assist (somebody acting or reciting) by suggesting the next words of something forgotten or imperfectly learned
54
Q

propose

A
  • *vt. 建议；打算，计划；求婚
    vi. 建议；求婚；打算
  • ——————————————**
  1. make a proposal, declare a plan for something
  2. present for consideration
  3. propose or intend
  4. put forward; nominate for appointment to an office
  5. ask (someone) to marry you
55
Q

reactor

A
  • *n. [化工] 反应器；[核] 反应堆；起反应的人
  • ——————————————**
  1. an electrical device used to introduce reactance into a circuit
  2. (physics) any of several kinds of apparatus that maintain and control a nuclear reaction for the production of energy or artificial elements
56
Q

realization

A
  • *n. 实现；领悟
  • ——————————————**
  1. coming to understand something clearly and distinctly
  2. making real or giving the appearance of reality
  3. a musical composition that has been completed or enriched by someone other than the composer
  4. a sale in order to obtain money (as a sale of stock or a sale of the estate of a bankrupt person) or the money so obtained
  5. the completion or enrichment of a piece of music left sparsely notated by a composer
57
Q

recession

A
  • *n. 衰退；不景气；后退；凹处
  • ——————————————**
  1. the state of the economy declines; a widespread decline in the GDP and employment and trade lasting from six months to a year
  2. a small concavity
  3. the withdrawal of the clergy and choir from the chancel to the vestry at the end of a church service
  4. the act of ceding back
  5. the act of becoming more distant
58
Q

reliable

A
  • *adj. 可靠的；可信赖的
    n. 可靠的人
  • ——————————————**
  1. worthy of reliance or trust
  2. conforming to fact and therefore worthy of belief
  3. worthy of being depended on
59
Q

remarkable

A
  • *adj. 卓越的；非凡的；值得注意的
  • ——————————————**
  1. unusual or striking
  2. worthy of notice
60
Q

replenish

A
  • *vt. 补充，再装满；把…装满；给…添加燃料
  • ——————————————**
  1. fill something that had previously been emptied
61
Q

response

A
  • *n. 响应；反应；回答
  • ——————————————**
  1. a result
  2. a bodily process occurring due to the effect of some foregoing stimulus or agent
  3. a statement (either spoken or written) that is made in reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation
  4. the manner in which something is greeted
  5. a phrase recited or sung by the congregation following a versicle by the priest or minister
62
Q

revolution

A
  • *n. 革命；旋转；运行；循环
  • ——————————————**
  1. a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving
  2. the overthrow of a government by those who are governed
  3. a single complete turn (axial or orbital)
63
Q

scurry

A
  • *n. 急跑；短距离赛跑（或赛马）
    vi. 急赶；急跑
    vt. 急赶
  • ——————————————**
  1. rushing about hastily in an undignified way
  2. to move about or proceed hurriedly
64
Q

sensible

A
  • *adj. 明智的；明显的；意识到的；通晓事理的
    n. 可感觉到的东西；敏感的人
  • ——————————————**
  1. showing reason or sound judgment
  2. able to feel or perceive
  3. readily perceived by the senses
  4. aware intuitively or intellectually of something sensed
65
Q

simulate

A
  • *vt. 模仿；假装；冒充
    adj. 模仿的；假装的
  • ——————————————**
  1. reproduce someone’s behavior or looks
  2. create a representation or model of
  3. make a pretence of
66
Q

sluggish

A
  • *adj. 萧条的；迟钝的；行动迟缓的；懒惰的
    n. 市况呆滞；市势疲弱
  • ——————————————**
  1. with little movement; very slow
  2. (of business) not active or brisk
  3. slow and apathetic
67
Q

soft

A
  • *adj. 软的，柔软的；温柔的，温和的；软弱的；笨的
    adv. 柔软地；温和地
    n. 柔性；柔软的东西；柔软部分
  • ——————————————**
  1. yielding readily to pressure or weight
  2. compassionate and kind; conciliatory
  3. (of sound) relatively low in volume
  4. easily hurt
  5. produced with vibration of the vocal cords
68
Q

squash

A
  • *vt. 镇压；把…压扁；使沉默
    vi. 受挤压；发出挤压声；挤入
    n. 壁球；挤压；咯吱声；南瓜属植物；（英）果汁饮料
  • ——————————————**
  1. any of numerous annual trailing plants of the genus Cucurbita grown for their fleshy edible fruits
  2. edible fruit of a squash plant; eaten as a vegetable
  3. a game played in an enclosed court by two or four players who strike the ball with long-handled rackets
  4. to compress with violence, out of natural shape or condition
69
Q

stuck

A
  • *v. 刺（stick的过去式）
    adj. 被卡住的；不能动的
    n. (Stuck)人名；(德)施图克；(英)斯塔克
  • ——————————————**
  1. caught or fixed
  2. baffled
70
Q

subsequent

A
  • *adj. 后来的，随后的
  • ——————————————**
  1. following in time or order
71
Q

substantiate

A
  • *vt. 证实；使实体化
  • ——————————————**
  1. establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts
  2. represent in bodily form
  3. make real or concrete; give reality or substance to
  4. solidify, firm, or strengthen
72
Q

suburb

A
  • *n. 郊区；边缘
  • ——————————————**
  1. a residential district located on the outskirts of a city
73
Q

supreme

A
  • *adj. 最高的；至高的；最重要的
    n. 至高；霸权
  • ——————————————**
  1. final or last in your life or progress
  2. greatest in status or authority or power
  3. highest in excellence or achievement
  4. greatest or maximal in degree; extreme
74
Q

trace

A
  • *vi. 追溯；沿路走
    vt. 追踪，查探；描绘；回溯
    n. 痕迹，踪迹；微量；[仪] 迹线；缰绳
  • ——————————————**
  1. a just detectable amount
  2. an indication that something has been present
  3. a suggestion of some quality
  4. a drawing created by superimposing a semitransparent sheet of paper on the original image and copying on it the lines of the original image
  5. either of two lines that connect a horse’s harness to a wagon or other vehicle or to a whiffletree
75
Q

vague

A
  • *adj. 模糊的；含糊的；不明确的；暧昧的
    n. (Vague)人名；(法)瓦格；(英)韦格
  • ——————————————**
  1. not clearly understood or expressed
  2. not precisely limited, determined, or distinguished
  3. lacking clarity or distinctness
76
Q

vast

A
  • *adj. 广阔的；巨大的；大量的；巨额的
    n. 浩瀚；广阔无垠的空间
    n. (Vast)人名；(法)瓦斯特
  • ——————————————**
  1. unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope
77
Q

virus

A
  • *n. [病毒] 病毒；恶毒；毒害
    n. (Virus)人名；(西)比鲁斯
  • ——————————————**
  1. (virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein
  2. a harmful or corrupting agency
  3. a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer
78
Q

visual

A
  • *adj. 视觉的，视力的；栩栩如生的
  • ——————————————**
  1. relating to or using sight
  2. able to be seen
79
Q

watercourse

A
  • *n. 河道；水道
  • ——————————————**
  1. natural or artificial channel through which water flows
  2. a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth
  3. a conduit through which water flows

TOEFL-45 (45 decks)

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