21ST WEEK 1-7 Flashcards
1
Q
Began on January 1, 2001, and will end on December 31, 2100.
A
21st Century
2
Q
“Century of Inventions”, “technological developments”, and “globalization”
A
21st Century
3
Q
Technology allows 24/7 access to information, constant social interaction, and easily created and shared digital content.
A
21st Century
4
Q
Characteristics of 21st Century Literature
A
Borderless, Symbolic, Fluid, Fearless, Inventive
5
Q
is an attempt to mirror life. It refers to any textual form of acceptable cognitive and or affective expression which is the representation of man’s experiences of the past and his expectations of the future
A
Literature
6
Q
is the product of imagination, originality, style of expression, thought, emotions and feelings, idea etc.
A
Literature
7
Q
Functions of Literature:
A
- For documentation
- For call to action
- For expression
- For entertainment
- For transmission
- For critical thinking
8
Q
PRE-SPANISH LITERATURE - is characterized by:
A
- their folk speeches
- folk songs
- folk narratives
- indigenous rituals
- mimetic dances
9
Q
refers to the dialect, or style of speaking, unique to people living within a geographic area)
Examples: bugtong (riddle)
salawikain (proverbs)
A
their folk speeches
10
Q
folk songs examples
A
- Ang Gatas At Ang Itlog (The Milk and The Eggs)
- Aking Bituin (My Star)
- Magtanim Ay Di Biro (Planting Rice)
- Atin Ku Pung Sinsing (Once I had a Ring - Lyrics in Panpango)
- Leron, Leron Sinta (My Dear Little Leron)
11
Q
(stories handed down from the remote past by words of mouth from one generation to another, reflecting the people’s tradition, feelings, beliefs and judgments)
A
folk narratives
12
Q
ritual traditions of Filipinos are best understood in terms of their intentions. At the core of any ritual is the fundamental belief that there exists a delicate balance between man and nature, and the spirit world)
A
indigenous rituals
13
Q
Examples:
- Healing Practices
- Entering a Newly Built House (Segep di Baey)
- Festival (Begnas And Pacde)
- The Agricultural Cycle Practices in Tadian Festival (Obaya)
- Wedding Celebration (Dawak) - Child Birth in Tadian
A
indigenous rituals
14
Q
(type of dance that imitates nature; it mimics the behaviors of animals and natural phenomena)
A
mimetic dances
15
Q
- Itik-Itik
- Mananagat (Cebuano for “fisherman”)
- The monkey dance (Aeta dance)
- The bee dance The lover’s dance - - The battle dance
A
mimetic dances
16
Q
Predominantly a reflection of the indigenous culture and traditions of the land.
A
Pre-Spanish period
17
Q
used for inscribing the ancient Tagalog script back in pre-spanish period
A
knives
18
Q
The literature thus preserved was limited to the ________ basic symbols of the language. With just three vowels and consonantal symbols that had predetermined.
A
seventeen
19
Q
The people of Manila and native groups within the Philippines used to write on ________ and the ___________.
A
Pre-Spasish Period
bamboo, arecaceae palm
20
Q
Philippine LITERATURE
DURING PRE- HISPANIC PERIOD
A
- awit or song
- riddle or bugtong
- sawikain (or salawikain)
- epic or epiko
- bulong (chants)
- kasabihan or sayings
- tanaga
- ambahan
21
Q
are “long verse narratives on chivalric-heroic, religious, legendary and folkloric themes
A
AWIT OR SONG
22
Q
Have measures of twelve syallaboles (dodecasyllabic) and slowly sung to the accompaniment of a guitar or banduria
Example: FLORANTE AT LAURA by Francisco Balagtas
A
AWIT
23
Q
Have measures of eight syllables (octasyllabic) and recited to a martial beat
Ex: IBONG ADARNA
A
CORRIDOS
24
Q
uyayi
A
lullaby
25
komintang
war song
26
kundiman
melancholic love song
27
harana
serenade
28
tagay
drinking song
29
mambayu
Kalinga rice-pounding song
30
subli
dance-ritual song of courtship/marriage
31
tagulaylay
songs of the dead
32
uses “talinhaga”, or a metaphor that actually helps convey the answer to the _______
Riddle or bugtong
33
These are proverbs that are used to express pieces of wisdom or beliefs that are important to Filipino society. These forms are all done in verse, or metrical writing.
SAWIKAIN (OR SALAWIKAIN)
34
This is the major pre-Hispanic poetic form. These are long, episodic, chanted poems which told a story, normally about a legendary hero and his adventures, often contending with, and also being aided by, supernatural creatures and spirits. Often chanted at feasts and rituals.
EX: BIAG NI LAM-ANG
EPIC OR EPIKO
35
Used in witchcraft or enchantments
Examples:
- Hele hele Bago kyeme
- Tabi, tabi po, Ingkong Makikiraan po lamang.
BULONG
36
It is used in teasing or to comment on a persons’ actuations
KASABIHAN OR SAYINGS
37
is a quatrain with seven syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each line
TANAGA
38
is a traditional poetry of the Hanunoo Mangyans of Oriental Mindoro which is normally inscribed on bamboo using a pre-Colonial syllabic writing system called the Surat Mangyan. It is seven- syllable metric lines that can be composed of more than four lines, is usually chanted and teaches lessons about life.
AMBAHAN
39
Literature started to flourish during his time
SPANISH PERIOD
40
SPANISH INFLUENCES ON THE PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
1. ALIBATA
2. Christian Doctrine
3. Spanish language became the literary language this time
4. European legends and traditions
5. Ancient literature was collected and translated to Tagalog
6. Grammar books were printed in Filipino
7. Religious tone
41
THE FIRST BOOKS
1. Ang Doctrina Cristiana (The Christian Doctrine)
2. Nuestra Senora del Rosario
3. Libro de los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre (in
Spanish and Tagalog)
4. Ang Barlaan at Josephat
5. The Pasion
6. Urbana at Felisa
7. Ang mga Dalit kay Maria (Psalms for Mary)
42
Philippine literature during SPANISH PERIOD
1. PASYON
2. SENAKULO
3. KOMEDYA
4. CARILLO
5. RELIGIOUS DRAMA (PANUNULUYAN)
43
involves the chanting of a narrative about Jesus’ death and resurrection.
PASYON
44
also known as Passion plays depict the passion and death of Jesus Christ. These are staged in various parts of the country in the week leading to Easter. The most famous sanakulo is Marinduque’s Moriones Festival.
SENAKULO
45
is performed at the local fiestas. Moro-moro is a type of Secular Komedya which portrays the clash between the Muslims and the Christians where the forbidden romance between the prince and the princess is settled by having non-Christian be converted to Christianity or by his or her death followed by a resurrection through divine intervention.
KOMEDYA
46
It is a play that uses shadows as its main spectacle. This is created by animating figures made from cardboard, which are projected onto a white screen.
CARILLO
47
(Tagalog for "asking for lodgings") is a Philippine Christmas dramatic ritual narrating the Holy Family's search for a place to stay in Bethlehem for Jesus Christ's birth through song.
RELIGIOUS DRAMA (PANUNULUAN
48
3 PERIODS IN PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
1. THE RE-ORIENTATION PERIOD (1898-1910)
2. THE APPRENTICESHIP OR THE PERIOD OF IMMITATION (1910-1925)
3. The emergence Period or the period of self-discovery and growth (1925-1941)
49
- English as a literary vehicle came with the American occupation in August 13, 1898 and as they say, a choice bestowed on us by history.
THE RE-ORIENTATION PERIOD (1898-1910)
50
By 1900, English came to be used as a medium of instruction in the public schools. From the American forces were recruited the first teachers of English.
THE RE-ORIENTATION PERIOD (1898-1910)
51
By 1908, the primary and intermediate grades were using English. It was also about this time when UP, the forerunner in the use of English in higher education, was founded
THE RE-ORIENTATION PERIOD (1898-1910)
52
Filipino student writers learned the language and tried to produce their pieces patterned after the foreign models.
The apprenticeship or the period of imitation (1910-1925)
53
Literary pieces of study were made by foreign authors.
The apprenticeship or the period of imitation (1910-1925)
54
Filipino writers imitated American and English writers.
The apprenticeship or the period of imitation (1910-1925)
55
More essays, short stories, and poems in English appeared.
The apprenticeship or the period of imitation (1910-1925)
56
Tales of romance and adventures
The apprenticeship or the period of imitation (1910-1925)
57
Short story anthologies
The apprenticeship or the period of imitation (1910-1925)
58
Essays matured earlier in the milieu of social, economic, and political developments and projected Philippine customs and traditions.
The apprenticeship or the period of imitation (1910-1925)
59
Plays were highly emotional rather than intellectual experiences.
The apprenticeship or the period of imitation (1910-1925)
60
POETIC STYLES - AMERICAN REGIME
1. FREE VERSE
2. NEW CRITICISM
61
it is a literary device that can be defined as poetry that is free from limitations of regular meteor rhythm and does not rhyme with fixed forms.
FREE VERSE
62
it was a formalist movements in literary theory that dominated American literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century. It emphasized close reading, particularly of poetry, to discover how a work of literature functioned as a self-contained, self- referential aesthetic object.
NEW CRITICISM
63
Time of self-discovery and rapid growth
The emergence Period or the period of self-discovery and growth (1925-1941)
64
Period of original works with more control of the language
The emergence Period or the period of self-discovery and growth (1925-1941)
65
Writer’s experimentation with forms and techniques
The emergence Period or the period of self-discovery and growth (1925-1941)
66
By this time, Filipino writers had acquired the mastery of English writing. They now confidently and competently wrote on a lot of subjects although the old-time favorites of love and youth persisted. They went into all forms of writing like the novel and the drama.
The emergence Period or the period of self-discovery and growth (1925-1941)
67
Writers set out to create a national literature: one that reflects the Filipino way of life, the traditional values of the people as Filipinos and utilize the tropical vegetation of the islands.
The emergence Period or the period of self-discovery and growth (1925-1941)
68
The Bureau of Education published Philippine Prose and Poetry, prescribed as a high school textbook. The period shifted from romantic idealism to romantic realism.
The emergence Period or the period of self-discovery and growth (1925-1941)
69
Between 1941-1945, Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when we were again conquered by another foreign country
JAPANESE PERIOD
70
Philippine literature in English came to a halt.
JAPANESE PERIOD
71
Except for the Tribune and the Philippine Review, Pillars, Free Philippines, and Filipina, almost all newspapers in English were stopped by the Japanese.
JAPANESE PERIOD
72
During this time, there was no freedom of speech and of the press.
JAPANESE PERIOD
73
Victoria Abelardo has described Filipino writing during the Japanese occupation as being pessimistic and bitter.
VICTORIA ABELARDO
74
There were some efforts at escapist literature, but in general, the literary output was minor and insignificant. Because of strict censorship, few literary works were printed during the war years.
JAPANESE PERIOD
75
The weekly ________ was placed under strict surveillance until it was managed by a Japanese named _______.
LIWAYWAY; ISHIWARA
76
The only contact with the outside world was done with utmost secrecy through the underground radio program called _________
JAPANESE PERIOD
"VOICE OF FREEDOM"
77
Tagalog was favored by the ______ military authority and writing in English was consigned to a limbo.
JAPANESE
78
they were able to influence and encourage the Filipino in developing the vernacular literature.
JAPANESE
79
The only Filipino writers who could write freely were those who were living in the United States.
JAPANESE PERIOD
80
Most writers and authors were lead to either go underground or write in Tagalog.
JAPANESE PERIOD
81
So, Filipino literature was given a break during this period.
JAPANESE PERIOD
82
Filipino literature also experienced renewed attention because writers in English turned to writing in Filipino.
JAPANESE PERIOD
83
The Three types of poems emerged during this period.
HAIKU
TANAGA
KARANIWANG ANYO (USUAL FORM)
84
- a poem of free verse that the Japanese liked.
- It is made up of seventeen (17) syllables divided into three (3) lines. The first line has five, the second – seven and the third – five. It is allegorical in meaning, short and covers a wide scope in meaning.
HAIKU
85
it is short, but has measure and rhyme. Each line has seventeen syllables and is also allegorical in meaning.
TANAGA
86
the usual and common form of poetry
KARANIWANG ANYO (USUAL FORM)
87
The field of the short story widened during the their Occupation.
JAPANESE PERIOD
88
FILIPINO SHORT STORIES WRITERS IN JAPANESE PERIOD
Brigido Batungbakal
Macario Pineda
Serafin Guinigindo
Liwayway Arceo,
Narciso Ramos
NVM Gonzales
Alicia Lopez Lim
Ligaya Perez
Gloria Guzman
89
The drama experienced a lull during this period because movie houses showing American films were closed.
JAPANESE PERIOD
90
The big movie houses were just made to show stage shows. Many of the plays were reproductions of English plays to Tagalog.
JAPANESE PERIOD - FILIPINO DRAMA
91
They also founded the organization of Filipino players named Dramatic Philippines.
FRANCISCO SOC RODRIGO
ALBERTO CONCIO
NARCISO PIMENTEL
92
PANDAY PIRA
JOSE MA. HERNANDEZ
93
SA PULA, SA PUTI
FRANCISCO SOC RODRIGO
94
BULAGA
Clodualdo del Mundo
95
SINO BA KAYO?, DAHIL SA ANAK, and HIGANTE NG PATAY.
Julian Cruz Balmaceda
96
LUPANG TINUBUAN
ANDRES BONIFACIO
97
The early post-liberation period was marked by a kind of “struggle of mind and spirit” posed by the sudden emancipation from the enemy, and the wild desire to see print.
The Post-war Period – First Decade – The Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)
98
There was a proliferation of newspapers like the FREE PRESS, MORNING SUN, of Sergio Osmeña Sr., DAILY MIRROR of Joaquin Roces, EVENING NEWS of Ramon Lopezes and the BULLETIN of Menzi. This only proved that there were more readers in English than in any other vernaculars like Tagalog, Ilocano or Hiligaynon.
The Post-war Period – First Decade – The Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)
99
Journalists had their day. They indulged in more militant attitude in their reporting which bordered on the libelous. Gradually, as normality was restored, the tones and themes of the writings turned to the less pressing problems of economic survival.
The Post-war Period – First Decade – The Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)
100
Some Filipino writers who had gone abroad and had written during the interims came back to publish their works. Not all the books published during the period reflected the war year; some were compilations or second editions of what have been written before.
The Post-war Period – First Decade – The Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)
101
For the first twenty years, many books were published…both in Filipino and in English. Among the writers during this time were: Fred Ruiz Castro, Dominador I. Ilio, and C.B. Rigor.
The Post-war Period – First Decade – The Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)
102
Longer and longer pieces were being written by writers of the period. Stevan Javellana’s WITHOUT SEEING THE DAWN tells of the grim experiences of war during the Japanese Occupation.
The Post-war Period – First Decade – The Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)
103
In 1946, the Barangay Writer’s Project whose aim was to publish works in English by Filipinos was established.
The Post-war Period – First Decade – The Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)
104
Philippines literature in Tagalog was revived during this period. Most themes in the writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, of the poverty of life under the Japanese government and the brave guerilla exploits.
The Post-war Period – First Decade – The Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)
105
Newspapers and magazine publications were re-opened like the Bulaklak, Liwayway, Ilang Ilang and Sinag Tala.
The Post-war Period – First Decade – The Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)
106
According to Pociano Pineda, youth activism in 1970-72 was due to domestic and worldwide causes. Activism is connected with the history of our Filipino youth.
Period of Activism (1970-1972)
107
Activists were imprisoned in military camps together with rebel writers.
Period of Activism (1970-1972)
108
The seeds of activism resulted in the declaration of Martial Law in
1972.
Period of Activism (1970-1972)
109
Period of Bloody Placards
Period of Activism (1970-1972)
110
Literature showed reverence for the poor at its peak.
Period of Activism (1970-1972)
111
The literature of the activists reached a point where they started boldly what should be done to effect changes.
Period of Activism (1970-1972)
112
started on September 21, 1972. The Carlos Palanca Awards continued to give annual awards.
Period of the New Society (1972-1981)
113
Almost all themes in most writings dealt with the development or progress of the country – like the Green Revolution, family planning, proper nutrition, environment, drug addiction and pollution.
Period of the New Society (1972-1981)
114
tried to stop pornography or those writings giving bad influences on the morals of the people. All school newspapers were temporarily stopped and so with school organizations.
Period of the New Society (1972-1981)
115
Themes of most poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs and the beauties of nature and surroundings.
Period of the New Society (1972-1981)
116
Radio continued to be patronized during this period. The play series like SI MATAR, DAHLIA, ITO ANG PALAD KO, and MR. LONELY were the forms of recreation of those without television. Even the new songs were first heard over the airwaves.
Period of the New Society (1972-1981)
117
Newspapers donned new forms: news on economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism were favored rather than sensationalized reporting of killings, rapes, robberies, and others.
Period of the New Society (1972-1981)
118
The forms of literature that led during this period were the essays, debates and poetry. The short stories, like the novels and plays were no different in style from those written before the onset of activism.
Period of the New Society (1972-1981)
119
After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino which started under the New Society, Martial Rule was at last lifted on January 2, 1981.
Period of the Third Republic (1981-1986)
120
During this period, Senator Benigno S. Aquno Jr., the idol of the Filipino masses, whom they hoped to be the next president, was brutally murdered on August 21, 1983.
Period of the Third Republic (1981-1986)
121
The Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for literature which was launched in 1950, continued its recognition of the best in the literary fields – poetry, short story, essays, and the one and three-act
plays.
Period of the Third Republic (1981-1986)
122
Poems during this period were romantic and revolutionary. Writers wrote openly of their criticism against the government. The supplications of the people were coached in fiery, colorful, violent, profane and insulting language.
Period of the Third Republic (1981-1986)
123
Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were really true-to-life like those of grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of country and of fellowmen.
Period of the Third Republic (1981-1986)
124
The people’s love for sex films was unabated.
Period of the Third Republic (1981-1986)
125
Opposition tabloids flourished and was called as “mosquito press”. News – “political pornography”
Period of the Third Republic (1981-1986)
126
There was a merging of the separate streams of oral and written literature.
Period of the Third Republic (1981-1986)
127
The Martial Law Regime of F. E. Marcos fell on February 25, 1986 in a popular non-violent
uprising called EDSA REVOLUTION.
The Contemporary Period (1986 – present)
128
The Post-Martial Law Society was restored with President Corazon C. Aquino at the helm.
The Contemporary Period (1986 – present)
129
Award-giving bodies, annual competitions, and publications provide incentives for writers to keep producing literary pieces.
The Contemporary Period (1986 – present)
130
Post-EDSA centers for creative writing were grouped into two:
ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS
WRITER'S ORGANIZATION
131
where Creative Writing is part of the curricular offerings
ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS
132
that sponsor symposia on writing and/ or set up workshops for its members and other interested parties.
WRITER'S ORGANIZATION
133
This period was the entry of marginalized authors, genres, and themes into the main-stream of Philippine critical discourse.
The Contemporary Period (1986 – present)
134
There was developing thrust towards the retrieval and the recuperation of writing in Philippine languages other than Tagalog.
The Contemporary Period (1986 – present)
135
The non-fiction published pieces consist of collections of essays originally published as newspaper columns.
The Contemporary Period (1986 – present)
136
refers to measuring rod used
CANON
137
means using a standard / measure in identifying great literary masterpieces
- authorized; recognized;
accepted: canonical works.
CANONICAL
138
A literature that reflects the history and culture of a country, usually created by its local writers.
NATIONAL LITERATURE
139
It plays an important role in preserving and inspiring the literature of today and in introducing to future generations the Filipino values that we have inherited from our ancestors.
NATIONAL LITERATURE
140
_____________, which was signed just February 10, 2015, declares April as Buwan ng Panitikang Filipino or National Literature Month
PROCLAMATION NO. 968
141
The form and content of their writings created a sense of nationhood or instilled nationalism
filipino national artist in literature
142
Pioneered a unique style of creative expression in the literary arts that inspired younger generations writers
filipino national artist in literature
143
Displayed consistent excellence in the quality of their works
filipino national artist in literature
144
Gained recognitions and awards from prestigious national or international literary institutions
filipino national artist in literature
145
is an order bestowed by the Philippines on Filipinos who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine art. Originally instituted as an Award, it was elevated to the status of Order in 2003.
National Artists of the Philippines (Filipino: Pambansang Alagad ng Sining sa Pilipinas)
146
He was born in Hagonoy, Bulacan but grew up in Tondo, Manila. His poems and novels written purely in the Filipino mother tongue tackle issues of the poor and working class.
AMADO V. HERNANDEZ
147
He was also a Manileño, from Malate’s Singalong St.; he was known here and abroad as the “master of the comma poem” a unique style he created.
JOSE GARCIA VILLA
148
He was a versatile Filipino from San Juan, was a journalist, historian, playwright, scriptwriter and biographer. But it was his mysterious and suspense-filled novels that became his trademark style.
NICK JOAQUIN
149
A 4’ 11” son of Camiling, Tarlac, was a WW2 soldier, UN diplomat and foreign affairs secretary under eight Philippine presidents. He wrote 18 books, mostly memoirs about him, Douglas McArthur, Pres. Quezon and especially Russian Andre Vishinky who he silenced with this quote in a UN assembly: “It is the duty of the little Davids of this world to fling the pebbles of truth in the eyes of the blustering Goliaths and force them to behave.
CARLOS P. ROMULO
150
A native of Romblon island, was a poet, essayist, novelist and teacher who depicted with his pen the Filipino spirit in rural and urban settings. His other works focus on nature like The Bamboo Dancers, The Winds of April, Seven Hills Away and Work in the Mountains.
5. Néstor Vicente Madali (Nvm) gonzales (1997)
151
She who hails from Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya was a poet, a novelist, a literary critic, a teacher and the only female National Artist for Literature. Her masterpieces are famous for her use of vivid metaphors and vibrant description that are fluid and not burdened with details.
EDITH L. TIEMPO
152
a publisher, lecturer on cultural issues, and the founder of the Philippine chapter of the international organization PEN.
FRANCISCO SIONIL JOSE
153
also known as the Rosales Novels, is a series of five historical and political novels written by Filipino National Artist F. Sionil José.
THE ROSALES SAGA
154
also known as Rio Alma, is a poet, literary historian and critic, who has revived and reinvented traditional Filipino poetic forms, even as he championed modernist poetics.
VIRGILIO S. ALMARIO
155
is a short story writer and essayist, and considered as the country’s best writer of comic short stories. He is known for his widely anthologized “My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken.”
ALEJANDRO ROCES
156
is a poet, librettist, and scholar. As a poet, he introduced to Tagalog literature what is now known as Bagay poetry, a landmark aesthetic tendency that has helped to change the vernacular poetic tradition.
BIENVENIDO LUMBERA
157
developed the social realist tradition in Philippine fiction. He gained prominence as a writer not only for his social conscience but also for his “masterful handling of the Tagalog language” and “supple prose style”.
LAZARO A. FRANCISCO
158
is a poet, fictionist and essayist with exceptional achievements and significant contributions to the development of the country’s literary arts. He is acknowledged by peers and critics, and the nation at large as the foremost writer of his generation.
CIRILO F. BAUTISTA
159
known as local color which pertains to any written literary genre that emphasizes characters, dialects, customs, topography and other features indigenous or native to a specific region.
REGIONAL LITERATURE
160
known as “the father of Ilocano poetry and literature”. This blind poet like Homer produced an epic for his obra maestra Biag ni Lam-ang.
PEDRO BUKANEG
161
poem collection written in the local Kapampangan dialect “Salitang Paca-Versu” has earned him accolades here and abroad such as the 1959 poet laureate of the Philippines, 1956 “Who’s Who in America”, the “International Who’s Who in Poetry”, and a Nobel Prize nomination.
AMADO M. YUZON
162
a Bulakeño poet who earned for his duplo verses and corrido lyrical metrical romance Florante at Laura the following titles: “father of Tagalog literature”, “the prince of Tagalog poets”, and “Shakespeare of the Philippines.
FRANCISCO BALTAZAR
163
He is also credited for creating the first Bicolano newspaper the An Parabareta. For all of these, earned the titles of “father of Bicolano literature” and “father of Visayan literature”.
MARIANO PERFECTO
164
was a Filipino senator from Cebu during the Commonwealth period is also known as the “father of modern Cebuano literature”. He established the first Cebuano newspaper Ang Suga
VICENTE SOTTO
165
She is regarded as the most prolific writer in the Hiligaynon language
MAGDALENA JALANDONI
166
refers to any written literary genre emphasizing characters, dialect, customs, and topography native to a specific region in the country written, printed and published from the start of the new millennium up to the present time.
21st Century Regional Philippine Literature
167
He was born in 1980 and is a native of Naga City. At age 27, he published his first book in 2007 “Antisipasyon asin iba pang Rawitdawit sa Bikol asin Ingles” (Anticipation and other Poems in Bicol and English. For the use of local dialects and settings in this book, he won the Philippine National Book Award for Poetry and the Manila Critics Circle in 2008.
Victor Dennis T. Nierva (Bicol)
168
She continues to be a productive writer of the new millennium although born in the post WW2 era.
Cecilia Manguerra Brainard (Cebu)
169
His 2001 Aklanon haiku with English translations “Sinead-Siad ngaKaeangitan/Strips of Heaven” was recognized with the Gawad Pambansang Alagad ni Balagtas by the Unyon ng mga Manunulat sa Pilipinas (UMPIL).
MELCHOR F. CICHON
170
She was born in Davao City but now residing in the United Kingdom. In 2010, her debut novel Tall Story won the 2011 Europe Crystal Kite Award and the 2012 Philippine National Children’s Book Award. Again in 2014, her 2nd novel Shine won the Crystal Kite Award for Britain and
Ireland.
CANDY QUIMPO GOURLAY
171
She wrote the novel entitled The Mango Bride which was released internationally by the global publisher Penguin Books in 2013. this same novel, which was then known as In the Service of Secrets, won for her the prestigious Carlos
Palanca Memorial Award in the novel category in 2011.
Marivi Soliven (Manila)
172
All three are graduates of the Creative Writing Dept. of UP Diliman and have been awardees of the Carlos Palanca Memorial Award and other prestigious literary recognitions
Jose Wendell Capili
Carljoe Javier
Raissa Claire U. Rivera
173
widely known as José Rizal, was a Filipino nationalist and polymath during the tail end of the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines.
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
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was a Filipino graphic novelist who created the characters Darna, Dyesebel, Captain Barbell
MARS RAVELO
175
who authored the first Filipino modern English-language short story "Dead Stars", was born in Lucena City, Quezon. He was among the first generation of Filipinos trained in the American education system which used English as the medium of instruction.
PAZ MARQUEZ-BENITEZ
176
was a Filipino writer and feminist, remarkably noted as the first translator of Dr. José Rizal's novel Noli Me Tangere into the Tagalog language.
PASCUAL H. POBLETE
177
is a best-selling author, entrepreneur,
Catholic lay preacher and minister. He is known as the "Preacher in Blue Jeans".
BO SANCHEZ
178
a well-known and recognized Filipino-language creative writer, editor, author, novelist, short story writer, essayist, fictionist, professor, textbook writer, and anthologist in the Philippines.
Efren Reyes Abueg
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graduated valedictorian in the University of the Philippines, and later earned her Master's degree in Harvard University for International Law.
LINDA TY CASPER
180
was a Filipino poet, editor, author, and teacher. One of the country's most respected writers
OPHELIA ALCANTARA DIMALANTA
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Filipino writers continue to write poetry, short stories, novellas, novels and essays whether these are socially committed, gender/ethnic related or are personal in intention or not.
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
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Filipino writer has become more conscious of his art with the proliferation of writers workshops here and abroad and the bulk of literature available to him via the mass media including the internet.
CONTEMPORARY PERIOD
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depicts the history, culture and tradition of a country. It is hard to imagine a nation without it.
literature
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Chairman - Unyon ng mga Manunulat sa Pilipinas (Writers Union of the Philippines), a Founding Board Member of the Filipinas Copyright Licensing Society, Board Member of the Wika ng Kultura at Agham, a member of the Kabulig Bikol Writers Organization and the Albay Writers Group, and a consultant of the National Bookstore.
Abdon M. Balde Jr.
185
Published writer of all sorts of genres (from serious poetry to horror stories for adolescents to humorous essays to erotic novel.)
Beverly Siy or Bebang
186
She took up BA Creative Writing (Filipino) in the University of the Philippines while she worked as a waitress at night. She graduated cum laude in 2002. She immediately signed up for MA Filipino, major in Literature. She is very optimistic that she will finish the course soon.
Beverly Siy or Bebang
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She is the youngest member of UMPIL
Beverly Siy or Bebang
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Author of seven collections of poetry
ALLAN POPA
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Written 3 collections of short fiction: Men of the East and other Stories, Woman of AmKaw and other stories.
CHARLSON ONG
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Has written nine books and edited eight other titles, including the landmark Ladlad series of gay literature.
DANTON REMOTO
191
a renowned teacher, editor, writer, and pioneer of creative nonfiction.
Cristina Pantoja Hidalgo
192
One of those who conceptualized and created Batibot, the acclaimed children's educational TV show.
Gemma Nemenzo
193
Filipino playwright, novelist and writer of speculative fiction. His work has published both in his native Philippines and abroad
DEAN FRANCIS ALFAR
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He is an advocate of the literature of the fantastic, publishing the annual Philippine Speculative Fiction series, as well as a comic book creator and a blogger.
DEAN FRANCIS ALFAR
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National Book Critics Circle Awardee
Edward P. Jones
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Author of two books of poetry
Edgar Calabia Samar
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Unang Gantimpala sa Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature (2006), Gawad Soc Rodrigo (2007)
EROS ATALIA
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president of The Manila Times College and a Governor of the National Book Development Board
Isagani R. Cruz
199
author of numerous poetry collections and works in literary and cultural criticism
J. Neil C. Garcia
200
Has published more than 25 books of fiction and nonfiction
Jose Dalisay JR., PhD
201
Villafania is one of the 11 outstanding Pangasinenses and recipient of the 1st ASNA Award for Arts and Culture
Santiago B. Villafania
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Is an author of short stories, personal essays, and scholarly articles.
Rosario Cruz-Lucero
203
is a real estate developer, entrepreneur, Editor-in-chief of UNO Magazine, newspaper columnist , television and events host, erstwhile actor
RJ Ledesma
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Essayist and scholar, RESIL B. MOJARES authored such award-winning books as Origins and Rise of the Filipino Novel
Resil B. Mojares
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won the Manila Critics Circle's National Book Award for Children's Literature
Neni Sta. Romana Cruz
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ACCORDING TO FORM
1. PROSE
2. POETRY
3. DRAMA
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a form of language that exhibits a natural flow of speech and grammatical structure
PROSE
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TYPES OF PROSE
NARRATIVE PROSE
NONFICTION PROSE-SPEECH
NONFICTION PROSE - EXPLICATION
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is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language
POETRY
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is a composition in verse or prose presenting a story in pantomime or dialogue, containing conflict of characters, particularly the ones who perform in front of audience on the stage.
DRAMA
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The person who writes drama for stage directions
dramatist or playwright.
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ACCORDING TO CONTENT
FICTION
NON-FICTION
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literature in the form of prose, especially short stories and novels, that describes imaginary events and people.
FICTION
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the branch of literature comprising works of narrative prose dealing with or offering opinions or conjectures upon facts and reality, including biography, history, and the essay (opposed to fiction and distinguished from poetry and drama ).
NON-FICTION
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ACCORDING TO PRESENTATION
PRINT
ORAL
DIGITAL
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literary journal, book
print
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delivered
oral
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computer, internet
digital
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- Keitai shousetsu (mobile phone novels)
- Read and written on mobile phones and resemble text messages, utilizing affective visual elements which are not part of conventional orthographies, such as smileys (emoticons) and symbols.
CELLPHONE NOVEL
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Started in 2000 by a young Japanese writer from Tokyo who posted the short chapters of his novel by using a pseudonym ‘Yoshi”
CELLPHONE NOVEL
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text or online version of series of narratives sent through either mobile phones or internet
Text Serye
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short poems sent as text message or posts in the internet
Text Tula
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is poetry that is written on a page but performed for an audience.
Spoken Poetry
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this poetry tends to demonstrate a heavy use of rhythm, improvisation, free association, rhymes, rich poetic phrases, word play and slang.
Spoken Poetry
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It is more aggressive and “in your face” than more traditional forms of poetry.
Spoken Poetry
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What should be kept in mind when writing a spoken word poem?
Use of Concrete Language
Repitition
Rhyme
Attitude
Persona
Performance
Memorization
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This is the use words and phrases that project on the minds of the listeners vivid images, sounds, actions and other sensations.
Use of Concrete Language
228
It is a simple but powerful poetic device that can help writer generate exciting poems.
REPITITION
229
can enrich your poems and performance if used with skill, surprise and moderation.
RHYME
230
It is important that a spoken word poem embodies the courage necessary to share one’s self with the rest of the world.
ATTITUDE
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Spoken poetry allows you to be anyone you want to be.
PERSONA
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After the poem is written, practice performing the poem with the elements of good stage presence in mind…
PERFORMANCE
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If you have a poem memorized you can focus more on the performance of the poem. However, so far as performance is concerned, it is more important to “learn your poem by heart”
MEMORIZATION
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is a genre of writing that uses literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate narratives.
Creative nonfiction
