2.2

Question 1

What is delegation?

Answer 1

when managers assign responsibilities for a task to someone further down the chain of command

Question 2

What is the advantage of delegation?

Answer 2

delegation can help in building skills and motivating people

delegation gives managers the chance to focus on other decisions

employees now feel trusted

Question 3

What is span of control

Answer 3

refers to the number of employees working under a manager

Question 4

What is narrow and wide span of control?

Answer 4

narrow: few people to supervise, more layers, more costly, easier to control

wide: many people to supervise, less layers, lower costs, hard to control

Question 5

What is hierarchy?

Answer 5

hierarchy refers to the ranking of people in an organisation according to status/authority

Question 6

What is levels of hierarchy?
Identify advantage and distadvantage

Answer 6

refers to number of layers of authority in an organisation.

it creates a sense of belonging but isolation between departments

Question 7

What is chain of command?

Answer 7

the line of authority in an organisation; orders are passed down

Question 8

What is bureaucracy?

Answer 8

refers to a system of administration using procedures and rules.

Question 9

What is centralisation?

Answer 9

a situation where the decision-making is done by one person/small group of people

Question 10

What is decentralisation?

Answer 10

a situation where decision-making is spread among many people

Question 11

What is delayering?

Answer 11

involves the reducation of a layer in the levels of hierarchy

Question 12

What are advantages and disadvantages of delayering?

Answer 12

it reduces costs and chain of commands become shorter

it creates confusion within the removal of employees

Question 13

What is a flat (horizontal) organisational structure?

Answer 13

few layers of hierarchy, short chain of command, and wide span of control

decision making is widespread among employees

Question 14

What is an advantage and disadvantage of flat organisational structure?

Answer 14

employees become more motivated due to decision making

Accountability becomes an issue without a full hierarchy

Question 15

What is a tall (vertical) organisational structure?

Answer 15

many layers in the hierarchy, long chain of command, and narrow span of control

the structure is more bureacratic and formal

Question 16

What is an advantage and disadvantage of a tall organisational structure?

Answer 16

the structure is bureacratic and formal but decision making often takes a long time

Question 17

What is an organisational structure?

Answer 17

a graphic illustration of the structure and relationships of the employees between departments in the organisation

Question 18

What is organisational structure by product?

Answer 18

the organisation is divided into different departments, each focused on a different product

Question 19

What is advantage and disadvantage of organisational structure by product?

Answer 19

can create competition between departments but functions can be duplicated making it confusing

Question 20

What is organisational structure by function?

Answer 20

the organisation is divded by areas of function

Question 21

What is advantage and disadvantage of organisational structure by function?

Answer 21

businesses structured this way operate well in stable environments where changes do not happen often

The level of bureacracy makes it hard to respond to changes in market

Question 22

What is organisational structure by region?

Answer 22

the organisation is organized by different locations around the world

Question 23

What is advantage and disadvantage of organisational structure by region?

Answer 23

the organisation’s offices in each region can operate individually, but decision-making become decentralized easily as the regional units have greater autonomy

Question 24

How can economic changes change the organisational structure of a company?

Answer 24

changes in economy can result in recession
recession may reduce staffing, and lead to delayering

Question 25

How can technological changes change the organisational structure of a company?

Answer 25

new technology in a business can lead to removal or addition of departments depending on their need

Question 26

How can sociocultural changes change the organisational structure of a company?

Answer 26

Globalisation can lead to the coming of more workers and increased availability of labour which enables business to adpot more flexible organisational structures

Question 27

What is project-based (matrix structure)?

Answer 27

a system where employees report to multiple managers and work in cross department teams.

Question 28

What are advantages and disadvantages of project-based matrix organisational structure?

Answer 28

project-based organisational structures are flexible, but employees may feel uncomfortable with such a dynamic environment

Question 29

What is the shamrock organisational structure?

Answer 29

core employees: permanent employees who fulfill the core of the business contract employees: workers who are subcontracted to complete specialized tasks temporary workers: workers who are hired only when needed

Question 30

What is the advantages and disadvantage of the shamrock organisational structure?

Answer 30

extremely flexible as businesses can add or change workforce as needed fewer employees that are closely connected to the business

Question 31

What is holacracy?

Answer 31

a form of flat organisational structure where teams of people self-organise as needed to complete the necessary work for the organisation

Question 32

What is the advantages and disadvantage of the holacracy organisational structure?

Answer 32

holacracy allows for flexibility in the roles of the buesiness, allows for more responsiveness to the requirements of the work holcracy can complicate hiring decisions as roles are flexible and change very often