2.4

Question 1

What are the two kinds of motivation?

Answer 1

intrinsic and extrinsic

Question 2

What is intrinsic motivation?

Answer 2

employee does the job because they find pleasure in doing so; passion

Question 3

What is extrinsic motivation?

Answer 3

employee does the job because of a financial reward

Question 4

What is taylor’s theory?

Answer 4

the theory that focuses on the efficiency of workers, and offering financial rewards

Question 5

What is maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 5

a pyramid where every level refers to a certain class of needs; needs at the bottom are basic needs and once a level is fulfilled, they move up to the next level

Question 6

What are advantages and disadvantages of maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory?

Answer 6

businesses can see what rewards would be suitable for an employee based on the level they’re at

difficult for business to determine the particular level of needs that must be fulfilled

Question 7

What is herzberg’s motivation theory?

Answer 7

refers to a two factor theory: hygiene factors and motivators

hygiene factors: refers to factors that need to be in place to remove job dissastisfaction

motivators: factors that make employees more motivated

Question 8

What is Mcclelland acquired needs theory?

Answer 8

this theory claims that there are three dominant needs that drive motivation in workers: achievement, powe, affiliation

Question 9

What is achievement in Mcclelland acquired needs theory? Identify a disadvantage

Answer 9

employees who are motivated by achievement will want appropriate levels of challenge in their work.

A disadvantage is that these employees may get bored easily if their work is not leading to development in their skills

Question 10

What is power in Mcclelland acquired needs theory? Identify a disadvantage

Answer 10

employees who are motivatd by power want to have influence over others. This can allow them to mentor other employees

A disadvantage is that it could result in an employee using power in the expense of others

Question 11

What is affiliation in Mcclelland acquired needs theory? Identify a disadvantage

Answer 11

employees who are motivated by affiliation want to maintain strong relationships with colleagues.

A disadvantage is that they may not do well in a management position where they have to evaluate others

Question 12

What is deci and ryan’s self-determination theory? Name the three factors

Answer 12

this theory focueses on factors that drive intrinsic motivation. It includes three factors: autonomy, competence, and relatedness

Question 13

What is autonomy in deci and ryan’s self-determination theory?

Answer 13

the employees ability to be independent in their work and have control over what they do

Question 14

What is competence in deci and ryan’s self-determination theory?

Answer 14

the employees feeling of capability to do things, involving a sense of achievement

Question 15

What is relatedness in deci and ryan’s self-determination theory?

Answer 15

the employees feeeling of connection with other people; sense of belonging

Question 16

What is the equity and expectancy theory?

Answer 16

this theory focuses on the idea that human behavior is influenced by processes in the external environment, and react in certain predictable ways in response

Question 17

What is the equity theory?

Answer 17

this theory claims that people’s satisfaction and motivation is determined by the understanding of fairness, related to the ratio of inputs and outputs in the business

Question 18

What is the expectancy theory?

Answer 18

this theory claims that human behavior is motivated by anticipating that their performance will be recognised and appropriately rewarded

Question 19

What are the three parts to expectancy theory?

Answer 19

expectancy: emlpoyee’s belief that increased efforts wil lresuly in better performance

instrumentality: an employee’s belief that improved performance will result in a positive outcome for the employee

valence: value tha the employee places on the outcome they’re expecting

Question 20

What is labour turnover?

Answer 20

percentage of employees leaving the business within a period of time

Question 21

What do you calculate labour turnover?

Answer 21

number of employees leaving/number of employees in the business X 100

Question 22

What are avoidable causes of employees leaving?

Answer 22

dissatisfaction with compensation
poor physics working environment
job dissatisfaction
human resources policies

Question 23

What are unavoidable causes of employees leaving?

Answer 23

family circumstances
redundancy
dismissal
retirement

Question 24

What is recruitment?

Answer 24

the process of finding and hiring period for a position in a business

Question 25

What are the five steps of recruitment?

Answer 25

job analysis job description person specificaiton job evaluation job advertisement selection

Question 26

What is the selection process of recruitment?

Answer 26

application, interview, testing, job offer

Question 27

What is internal recruitment? List advantages and disadvantages

Answer 27

a job vacancy is filled from within the businesss by promoting or retraining an existing employee advantages is that it's a shorter induction, lower cost, and increases motivation disadvantages is that theres limited candidates, adds another job vacancy, and less innovation

Question 28

What is external recruitment? List advantages and disadvantages

Answer 28

a job vacancy is filled by recruiting an employee from outside the organisation advantages include more candidates, more innovation, no additional vacancy to fill disadvantages include longer induction, higher cost

Question 29

What are financial rewards and give examples

Answer 29

rewards for employees that involve monetary compensation for work examples include salary, wage, commission, performance-related pay, employee share ownership, and fringe payments

Question 30

What is commission?

Answer 30

when salespeople are paid a percentage of the total that they sell

Question 31

What is performance-related pay?

Answer 31

employees receive a bonus additional their usual pay based on performance

Question 32

What is profit related pay?

Answer 32

employees receive a percentage of the profits the companies make in addition to their usual pay

Question 33

What is employee share ownership?

Answer 33

employees are given shares in the company as a reward

Question 34

What is fringe payments?

Answer 34

these rewards are given ot the employee in addition nto their pay, and include benefits

Question 35

What is non financial rewards?

Answer 35

methods of recognising an employee's efforts and improving motivation through improved job design

Question 36

What are examples of non financial rewards

Answer 36

job enrichment, job rotation, job enlargement, empowerment, purpose, and teamwork

Question 37

Why is training important for businesses and employees?

Answer 37

trained employees are mor productive, able to use new technologies,and experiece fewer accidents for the business, trained employees reduce costs, and make the business more resilient

Question 38

What is on-the-job training? Give examples

Answer 38

conducted while the employee continues to work. examples are induction, coaching, mentoring, job rotation

Question 39

What is off-the-job training? Give examples

Answer 39

conducted while the employee is waway from the normal workplace examples include lectures and conferences, vestibule training, and simulators

Question 40

What is vestibule training?

Answer 40

employees are trained in a prototype environment near the workplace, which replicates working conditions as closely as possible

Question 41

What is induction?

Answer 41

involves providing informatuion to new employees about the business, the roles, etc.