2.2 Anatomy of the Abdomen (HARC) GI TRACT ABOVE DIAPHRAGM

Question 1

What forms the ROOF of the MOUTH

Answer 1

HARD and SOFT PALATES

Question 2

FLOOR of the MOUTH:

Answer 2

TONGUE

Question 3

POSTERIOR APERTURE of MOUTH that is the Boundary between the Oral Cavity and the OROPHARYNX

Answer 3

OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS

Question 4

the BORDER between the MOUTH and PHARYNX is MARKED by the … ARCH

Answer 4

PALATOGLOSSAL ARCH

Question 5

CLOSURE of the OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS occurs by which MUSCLE
(keeps food in mouth)

Answer 5

PALATOGLOSSUS
- MUSCLE of the SOFT PALATE

Question 6

the OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS lies between the..
and is Bounded on both sides by the..

Answer 6

between SOFT PALATE and DORSUM of the TONGUE

bounded by the PALATOGLOSSAL ARCHES

Question 7

is which DIRECTIONS do each PALATOGLOSSAL ARCH run

Answer 7

DOWNWARDS, LATERALLY, FORWARDS

from SOFT PALATE to the SIDE of the TONGUE

Question 8

what does PALATOGLOSSAL ARCH consist of

Answer 8

PALATOGLOSSUS (muscle)

covering MUCOUS MEMBRANE

Question 9

PALATOGLOSSAL ARCHES SHUT OFF the mouth from the Oropharynx which is essential for..

Answer 9

DEGLUTITION (chewing & swallowing)

Question 10

what is the name for the small recess/narrowings on the sides of the Laryngeal Inlet (where fishbones may get stuck)

Answer 10

PIRIFORM FOSSA

Question 11

what is the name for the ANTERIOR SUPERIOR portion of the EPIGLOTTIS - small mucosa-lined depression:

Answer 11

VALLECULAE

Question 12

TONGUE is a highly MUSCULAR organ important for..

Answer 12

DEGLUTITION, TASTE, SPEECH

Question 13

TONGUE is ATTACHED by its MUSCLES to the..

Answer 13

HYOID BONE,
MANDIBLE,
STYLOID PROCESSES,
SOFT PALATE,
PHARYNGEAL WALL

Question 14

what is the DORSAL MUCOSA of the TONGUE covered by and what do these do

Answer 14

numerous PAPILLAE

• help INCREASE SURFACE AREA
• all have TASTE BUDS (except Filiform)

Question 15

what is the name of the V-SHAPED structure that DIVIDES the TONGUE into ANTERIOR (ORAL) and POSTERIOR (PHARYNGEAL) parts

Answer 15

SULCUS TERMINALIS

Anterior - PRESULCAL
Posterior - POSTCULCAL

Question 16

INTRINSIC MUSCLE FIBRES of TONGUE are arranged in …

which allow great MOBILITY

Answer 16

complex INTERLACING pattern of LONGITUDINAL, TRANSVERSE, VERTICAL and HORIZONTAL FASCICULI (bundle)

Question 17

TONGUE:
ALL PAPILLAE have TASTE BUDS EXCEPT:

Answer 17

FILIFORM

Question 18

TONGUE:
what are the VALLATE PAPILLAE like

Answer 18

BLUNT ended,
LARGEST,
8-12 of them,
V-SHAPED,
ANTERIOR to SULCUS TERMINALIS

Question 19

TONGUE:
what are the FILIFORM PAPILLAE like

Answer 19

SMALL,
CONE-SHAPED PROJECTIONS,
MUCOSAL
(no taste buds)

Question 20

TONGUE:
what are the FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE like

Answer 20

ROUND, LARGE
(mushroom shaped)
ALONG MARGINS of the tongue

Question 21

TONGUE:
what are the the FOLIATE PAPILLAE like

Answer 21

LINE FOLDS of MUCOSA,
on SIDES of tongue

Question 22

TONGUE:
which PAPILLAE are the LARGEST

Answer 22

VALLATE

Question 23

TONGUE:
which PAPILLAE are LINE FOLDS of MUCOSA on the SIDES

Answer 23

FOLIATE

Question 24

TONGUE:
which PAPILLAE are ALONG the MARGINS

Answer 24

FUNGIFORM

Question 25

TONGUE: which PAPILLAE are SMALL PROJECTIONS

Answer 25

FILIFORM

Question 26

TONGUE: which PAPILLAE are SMALL PROJECTIONS

Answer 26

FILIFORM

Question 27

TONGUE: how many VALLATE PAPILLAE

Answer 27

8-12

Question 28

when SWALLOWING how does the SOFT PALATE move

Answer 28

MOVES UPWARDS/SUPERIORLY - closes off the Nasopharynx

Question 29

how does the TONGUE help PUSH BOLUS (Food) Posteriorly

Answer 29

TIP/Anterior part contracts and contacts the Soft Palate gradually presses more of its Dorsal surface against the Hard Palate then ROOF of tongue moves slightly ANTERIOR (creating Receptive Space in Oropharynx)

Question 30

which MUSCLES CONTRACT to RAISE the PHARYNGEAL WALL over the Bolus of food (swallowing)

Answer 30

STYLOPHARYNGEUS & UPPER PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTOR Muscles

Question 31

what happens when the BOLUS reaches the VALLECULAE (what move)

Answer 31

HYOID and LARYNX move SUPERIOR & ANTERIOR EPIGLOTTIS tipped INFERIORLY

Question 32

what helps PERISTALSIS

Answer 32

STRIPPING / PERISTALTIC WAVE from posterior Pharyngeal wall going INFERIORLY

Question 33

What causes the SOFT PALATE to move back INFERIORLY

Answer 33

CONTRACTION of PALATOPHARYNGEUS and PRESSURE of Descending PERISTALTIC WAVE (stripping wave)

Question 34

CONSTRICTION of .... CLOSES the OROPHARYNGEAL CAVITY

Answer 34

UPPER PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTORS

Question 35

RELAXATION of ... permits ENTRY of Bolus into OESOPHAGUS

Answer 35

CRICOPHARYNGEUS

Question 36

when swallowing a trickle of food may enter the ..

Answer 36

Laryngeal Aditus (opening)

Question 37

when the PERISTALTIC WAVE reaches the VALLECULA what happens

Answer 37

PRESSES OUT the last of the bolus

Question 38

when does the EPIGLOTTIS begin to move BACK SUPERIORLY and the HYOID and LARYNX move back INFERIORLY

Answer 38

as the PERISTALTIC / STRIPPING WAVE Passes the PHARYNX - then passes into the Oesophagus pushing the bolus down

Question 39

when does the OESOPHAGEAL PHASE (8-20 seconds) BEGIN

Answer 39

AFTER RELAXTION of the UPPER OESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER as food bolus presses against it - OPENS and allows bolus to ENTER OESOPHAGUS

Question 40

TRUE PERISTALSIS is AIDED by..

Answer 40

GRAVITY

Question 41

in deglutition, when MUSCLES RELAX what happens? when MUSLCES CONTRACT?

Answer 41

RELAX: OPENS PASSAGEWAY CONTRACT: Constricts passageway and PUSHES BOLUS down

Question 42

OESOPHAGUS is a MUSCULAR TUBE of what LENGTH

Answer 42

23-37 CM

Question 43

OESOPHAGUS has 3 PARTS:

Answer 43

- CERVICAL continuous with Oropharynx - THORACIC T1-10 - ABDOMINAL (oesophageal hiatus to cardia of stomach)

Question 44

where are the 3 NORMAL CONSTRICTION points of the OESOPHAGUS and what are they due to

Answer 44

1. CERVICAL C5/C6 due to CRICOID CARTILAGE 2. THORACIC due to AORTIC ARCH 3. ABDOMINAL at the OESOPHAGEAL HIATUS (where passes diaphragm at T10)

Question 45

OESOPHAGEAL CONSTRICTION in THORACIC area is due to the..

Answer 45

AORTIC ARCH

Question 46

1ST OESOPHAGEAL CONSTRICTION is where? due to?

Answer 46

C5/C6 due to CRICOID CARTILAGE