22. JAK inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies Flashcards
(13 cards)
What are JAK inhibitors?
= a class of drugs that block the action of Janus kinases (JAKs), a family of enzymes involved in cell signalling and immune responses
JAK inhibitors, Active substances
Oclacitinib
JAK inhibitors, Mechanism of action
JAK inhibitors function by selectively targeting and inhibiting Janus Kinase enzymes. These enzymes are intracellular tyrosine kinases that play a crucial role in signalling pathways for numerous cytokines and growth factors. Cytokines are involved in immune responses, inflammation and haematopoiesis.
By inhibiting JAK enzymes, these inhibitors disrupt the signalling pathways of cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-13 which are associated with allergy and inflammation. They also disrupt IL-31, which is associated with pruritus and itching. This disruption ultimately reduces the inflammatory and immune response, providing therapeutic benefits in various conditions characterised by excessive inflammation.
**Short explanation: **JAK inhibitors block specific enzymes inside the cells that are part of the signalling pathways that lead to inflammation and itching. By blocking these enzymes, they can help reduce symptoms of diseases related to inflammation and the immune response
JAK inhibitors, indications
- Crohn disease
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Leukaemia
- Alopecia
- Atopic dermatitis
- Purities
JAK inhibitors, Pharmacological effect
- Anti-inflammatory
- Antiallergic
- Antipruritic
JAK inhibitors, Pharmacokinetics
1. Absorption
Excellent oral absorption
2. Metabolism
Liver, CYP450 is no influenced
JAK inhibitors, side effects
- Vomiting
- UTI
- Otitis
- Pyoderma
- Diarrhoea
-
Haematology:
Neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and total cell count is decreased
Cholesterol is increased
What are Monoclonal antibodies?
They are a type of protein that is made in the laboratory and can bind to certain targets in the body
Monoclonal antibodies, active substances
- Lokivetmab (Cytopoint)
Monoclonal antibodies, mechanism of action
Monoclonal antibodies are anti-IL-31 monoclonal antibodies, meaning that they are specifically designed to target and bind to interleukin-31. Interleukin is a cytokine that plays a role in inducing pruritus (itching) and inflammation, particularly in conditions like atopic dermatitis.
They have a high specificity, they bind with high precision and affinity
Monoclonal antibodies, indications
- Atopic dermatitis
- Only used in dogs !!
Monoclonal antibodies, side effects
Immunological products, can give side effects
Monoclonal antibodies, administration
SC
