54. Fusidic acid, mupirocin, novobiocin, glycopeptides

Question 1

What are fusidic acid, mupirocin, novobiocin and glycopeptides?

Answer 1

Antimicrobials.
They are classified in the AMEG system.

Question 2

What is AMEG?

Answer 2

It is in place to provide guidance on the impact on public health and animal health of the use of antibiotics in animals, and on the measures to manage the possible risk to humans, it goes from A-D

Question 3

Classify AMEG a - AMEG d

Answer 3

• AMEG A = Avoid
  Not authorised for use in animals in the EU. These drugs are critically important for human medicine.
• AMEG B = Restrict
  Critically important in human medicine, their use in animals should be restricted
• AMEG C = Caution
  Alternatives exist in human medicine, but not always in animals; usage should be limited and justified.
• AMEG D = Prudence
  They pose the lowest risk to public health; they can be used in animals, but should still follow principles of prudent use

Question 4

What is Fusidic acid?

Answer 4

Fusidic acid is a narrow-spectrum antibacterial mainly active against Gram+ bacteria.

Active substances = Fusidic acid

Question 5

Fusidic acid, mechanism of action:

Answer 5

They inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, causing an inhibition of bacterial growth

Question 6

Fusidic acid, mode of action:

Answer 6

Bacteriostatic

Question 7

Fusidic acid, AMEG group:

Answer 7

AMEG D

These antimicrobials pose the lowest risk to public health. They can be used in animals, but should still follow the principles of prudent use

Question 8

What is Mupirocin?

Answer 8

An ointment is indicated for the topical treatment of canine bacterial infections of the skin, including superficial pyoderma.

Active substances = Mupirocin

Question 9

Mupirocin, mechanism of action:

Answer 9

They inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, causing an inhibition of bacterial growth

Question 10

Mupirocin, mode of action:

Answer 10

Bacteriostatic

Question 11

Mupirocin, AB spectrum:

Answer 11

Question 12

Mupirocin, AMEG group:

Answer 12

AMEG A

Not authorised for use in animals in the EU. These drugs are critically important for human medicine.

Question 13

What is Novobiocin?

Answer 13

A narrow-spectrum antimicrobial that may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal at higher concentrations, used as an intramammary infusion

Active substance = Novobiocin

Question 14

Novobiocin, mechanism of action:

Answer 14

Gyrase inhibition is an enzyme essential for DNA replication and repair in bacteria. By inhibiting this enzyme, the drug inhibits the ability of the bacteria to replicate their DNA and therefore halts the growth and reproduction

Cell wall synthesis inhibition, this cell wall is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of the bacterial cell. By inhibiting the synthesis, the drug weakens the cell wall, leading to cell lysis and bacterial death

Question 15

Novobiocin, mode of action:

Answer 15

Bactericidal

Question 16

Glycopeptide antibiotics, Active substances:

Answer 16

• Vancomycin
• Teicoplanin

Question 17

Glycopeptide antibiotics, mechanism of action:

Answer 17

Cell wall synthesis inhibition; this cell wall is crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of the bacterial cell.

By inhibiting the synthesis, the drug weakens the cell wall, leading to cell lysis and bacterial death

Question 18

Glycopeptide antibiotics, mode of action:

Answer 18

Bactericidal

Question 19

Glycopeptide antibiotics, AB spectrum:

Answer 19

Question 20

Glycopeptide antibiotics, pharmacokinetics:

Answer 20

Poor absorption

Administration: Vancomycin = IV, Teicoplanin = IM

Question 21

Glycopeptide antibiotics, toxicity:

Answer 21

Both are VERY nephrotoxic !!

Question 22

Glycopeptide antibiotics, AMEG group:

Answer 22

AMEG A

Not authorised for use in animals in the EU. These drugs are critically important for human medicine

!! BANNED in veterinary medicine !!