52. Nitrofurans, nitroimidazoles

Question 1

What is Nitrofurans?

Answer 1

They are synthetic chemotherapeutic agents with a broad antimicrobial spectrum; they are active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

Question 2

Nitrofurans, active substances:

Answer 2

• Nitrofurantoin
• furazolidone

Question 3

Nitrofurans, mehcanism of action:

Answer 3

The nitrofurans destroy the DNA and the ribosomes, which is responsible for protein synthesis.

They also generate toxic metabolites, called nitrofuran-reductase, which convert the compound into a toxic metabolite, which further contributes to the effect.
the vertebrates have a protective mechanism against this toxicity

Question 4

Nitrofurans, mode of action:

Answer 4

The bactericidal effect, the drug kills the bacteria.
The drug is also carcinogenic in rats, leading to the warning that it should not be used in food production

Question 5

Nitrofurans, AB spectrum:

Answer 5

Question 6

Nitrofurans, contraindications:

Answer 6

• Causes DNA damage = carcinogenic
• !! Forbidden in food producing animals !!

Question 7

What is Nitromidazoles?

Question 8

Nitromidazoles, active substances:

Question 9

Nitromidazoles, mechanism of action:

Answer 9

The Nitromidazoles destroy the DNA and the ribosomes, which is responsible for protein synthesis.

They also generate toxic metabolites, called nitrofuran-reductase, which convert the compound into a toxic metabolite, which further contributes to the effect.
the vertebrates have a protective mechanism against this toxicity.

The drug is also carcinogenic in rats, leading to the warning that it should not be used in food production

Question 10

Nitromidazoles, mode of action:

Answer 10

Concentration dependent bactericidal

Question 11

Nitromidazoles, AB spectrum:

Answer 11

Question 12

Nitromidazoles, indications:

Answer 12

• Gingivitis
• Anal sacculitis
• Giardiasis
• Thricomonas

Question 13

Nitromidazoles, pharmacokinetics:

Answer 13

Can penetrate tissues,
Administration: PO, IV

Question 13

Nitromidazoles, contraindications:

Answer 13

• !! Forbidden to use in food producing animals !!
• Never to mix with alcohol

Question 13

Nitromidazoles, toxicity:

Answer 13

Moderately toxic, but can be neurotoxin to humans, dog and cats but this is dose-dependent, meaning the neurotoxic effect increased with higher doses.