48. Phenicols

Question 1

What are Phenicols?

Answer 1

It is a highly effective and well-tolerated broad-spectrum antimicrobial. However, because it causes blood dyscrasias, it is prohibited for use in food-producing animals in several countries

Question 2

Phenicols, Active substances

Answer 2

• chloramfenikol
• florfenicol
• thiamphenicol

Question 3

Phenicols, mechanism of action

Answer 3

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. The bacterial ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis, and the proteins are vital for bacterial growth. The inhibition of these ribosomes will effectively halt bacterial replication

Question 4

Phenicols, mode of action

Answer 4

Bacteriostatic

Question 5

Phenicols, AB spectrum

Answer 5

Question 6

Phenicols, pharmacokinetics

Answer 6

1. Absorption
Excellent in oral administration

2. Distribution*
Excellent for bones, placenta and prostate

3. Metabolism
Extensive in the liver
⭢ liver diseases !!

4. Excretion
Urine + bile elimination

Question 7

Phenicols, side effects

Answer 7

• Anaemia
• Pain at the injection site
• Long term usage = immunosuppression

Question 8

Chloramphenicol

Answer 8

!! FORBIDDEN IN FOOD-PRODUCING ANMALS !!

Causes irreversible bone marrow damage, pain at the injection site, and it’s not applicable in milk and egg producers

Question 9

Florfenicol

Answer 9

Primarily used in food-producing animals, but not applicable to milk and egg producers.

Indications, food-producing animals:
- Mycoplasma
- Respiratory diseases
- E. coli of swine
- Foot disease

Indications for small animals:
- Eye infections
- Prostatitis
- Meningitis
- MRSA