2.3-2.5 Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is encoding
- first stage of memory were perceived information is transformed into a format that can be processed and stored in the brain
What is the multi- store model?
describes memory as a three part system, including sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory.
- Sensory memory is where info is briefly held before moved
- short term memory is where items are hold for a short time
- Longtime memory is where information is held by memory for the future
What is your iconic memory?
Briefly holds visual images
What is your echoic memory?
Retains auditory info for 3 to 4 seconds, allowing the brain to process spoken language and auditory stimuli
What is the sensory model?
Initial stage of memory were sensory information is stored for a very brief period it acts as a buffer for similar received through the senses and retains the information for a few seconds at most
What is a working memory?
Temporarily hold and manipulate info
Short and long-term memory combine
- Known as the brain sticky notepad temporarily holding in for a while while you’re working on something
- for example, when you’re cooking a complex dish for the first time as you cook, you hold onto the sequence of steps measurements and ingredients and adjust cooking time accordingly
What is the central executive memory responsible for?
- attention coordinates memory components and integrate from senses and long-term memory
- Essential for planning, problem-solving and decision-making
- the control center of working memory**
What is a phonological loop?
- Processes and stores, verbal and auditory information
- has two parts
- Temporarily holds words and sounds for a few seconds
- Rehearses and refreshes information in the psychological story via subvocal repetition
- for example when you’re shopping without a list, you mentally repeat the items you need to buy
What is the visual spatial sketchpad?
- visual and spatial info, allowing for the temporary storage and manipulation of images and spatial relationships, enabling navigation, visual, tracking geometry, and manipulating objects
- for example as you travel, you rely on your visual spatial pad to mentally map the area, you may guide yourself by landmark street names and the layout of various intersections
What is long-term potentiation (LTP)?
- Long lasting increase in signal transmission between neurons that results from their simultaneous activation
- considered one of the major cellular mechanisms at underlines learning and memory
- for example, when learning to play a musical instrument, every practice session demands intense, focus, slow practice eventually result in the brain, undergoing a physiological process LTP involving strengthening of synapsis, which becomes more efficient with repeated use
- Picture image of neurons connecting
What is Fergus Creek and Robert Lockhart’s level of processing model?
- structural is shallow processing focused on the physical structure of information. For example, quickly reviewing for a test by looking at class notes, you mainly focused out testing headings, bullet points, and highlighted words.
- phonemic is shallow processing focus on the auditory aspects of information for example when studying for a test per terms to yourself, concentrating on how we sound over the meaning.
- semantic is deep processing, focused on understanding and interpreting meanings of information by replating them to existing knowledge and mental representations, focusing on it is known as a deeper level of processing which result in better memory retention over shallow processing
What does the method of loci (memory castle) show?
- pneumonic technique used to associate items to be remembered in resemblance to specific physical location
- Links info to visual representation of familiar locations and allows more retracing a mental path through these locations to retrieve the associated information
List of words; table, bun, cat, etc. - for example pencil is the front table is the walkway cat is the course cup in the bar and bun is the band
What type of information is stored in your explicit memory?
Conscious recall a fax and experiences such as remembering your phone number or address
What is your procedural memory?
Involves the recall of how to perform passer skills automatically
- for example, you know how to make a peanut butter and jelly without consulting memory
What is prospective memory?
- remembering to perform a plant action or recall plant intention that some feature point
-1. Remembering to perform an action triggered by a specific queue.
-2. Remembering to perform the action at a specific time. - for example, one talk to Miss abby about your missing grade next time you see her or to take your medication at noon.
What is the spacing effect distributed practice?
Phenomenon we’re learning is more effective when study sessions are spaced out overtime rather than cram into one session
- you study for 30 minutes for each AP exam you have upcoming in three weeks
What is elaborative rehearsal?
- memory technique that involves the processing of information by adding meaning or connection to existing knowledge
- for example such as early years of the republic from middle school to AP us history
What is maintenance rehearsal?
Learning technique involving repeated reviewing information to keep it in shorter memory
- Effective for short term less for long-term
- Before psychology test you go over and over in your head, identifying the brain lobe to eventually true memory
What is an implicit memory?
Does not require conscious thought and is crucial for performing every day task automatically
- for example, how to brush your teeth
What is your semantic memory?
- type of explicit memory
- the recall of general knowledge and facts about the world
- Remembering the stages of the sleep cycle, the meaning of a word or symbol
