2.6-7 Flashcards
(16 cards)
What are retrieval cues?
-stimuli that brings previously learned and go to a critical role in the process of retrieving memories
-external cues are environmental factors that trigger memories
-Internal cues are thoughts or feelings associated with the original learning
- for example you’re visiting a park where you celebrated a significant birthday. at the park, specific and sounds sugar memories of the day
What is recognition?
-identifying information when it is presented based on similarity and identification with stored knowledge
-for example, a familiar song plays over a speaker, but you don’t remember the name or artist, but there’s a sense of familiarity in the melody and lyrics
What is context dependent memory?
-you retain information better in the same environment, where you first learned it
-Physical surroundings like being in the same room where you study
-Similar conditions like the same background, noise, noises or smells
What is state dependent memory?
-phenomenon where memory retrieval is most effective when an individual is in the same state of consciousness as they were with a memory was formed
-Physical state, such as being tired or energized
-emotional states such as being happy or sad
What is mood congruent memory?
— the Tennessee to recall information that is consistent with one’s current mood.
-Memories are more easily retrieved when they match the emotional state at the time of recall
- at a family reunion you’re feeling nostalgic and joyful when talking you remember happy moments from past gatherings
What is the testing effect?
Phenomenon where long-term memory is enhanced when some of the learning period is devoted to retrieving information through testing
What is the forgetting curve?
Representation of the rate of which memory phase overtime
-Memory loss is fastest soon after learning as a brain deems some information is not essential
-with review memory retention is still decreases overtime, but this decrease significantly lower
What is encoding failure?
- what information does not enter long-term memory due to inadequate processing at the time of encoding
- the teacher talks fast in class, the math isn’t mathing, class is too loud, so I’m not able to remember key points discussed in class
What is proactive interference?
- older memories inhibit the ability to learn and remembering information. This is likely to occur when old new information or similar.
-for example you spend years becoming fluid in Spanish when you start learning Portuguese, you notice that knowledge of Spanish can lead to confusion
What is retroactive interference?
- New learning impaired to recall a previously encoded information. This is likely to occur when all new information are closely related.
- for example you regularly update your passcode for security reasons after setting a new password you struggle to remember the old one
What is the misinformation effect?
- New incorrect information influences how we remember past events
-details can be distorted or replace part of the original memory. can remember false info instead of would actually happen - Person who witnessed a car accident remembers the incident different differently than the initially did
What is source amnesia?
- inability to remember where when or how previously learned information has been acquired
-Talking about healthy, eating, and you state fact, but when someone asks how you learn the information you can’t recall it
What is anterograde amnesia?
-Memory disorder, characterized by an inability to form new memories, following the onset of amnesia, although memories from before the event remain intact
- Suffer a traumatic brain injury and can’t form new memories
What is retrograde amnesia?
-memory disorder that involves the loss of memories formed before the onset of amnesia you can still learn new info and create new memories
- You wake up from a significant injury and can’t recall specific events, family vacation’s life milestones or loved ones
What is infantile amnesia?
-phenomenon where people cannot recall personal memories from the early years of life typically before 3 to 4 years of age
-Attributed to ongoing development of the brain memory systems, especially the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex
-Not being able to remember your first steps, your first walk, or your first birthday party
Central positioning effect
Remember info best at the beginning or end
