2.3 - Memory

Question 1

Encoding

Answer 1

Getting info into the brain

Question 2

Automatic Encoding

Answer 2

little to no conscious effort encoding.

Question 3

Effortful Processing

Answer 3

Info encoded by repetition, repetition, and more repetition.

Question 4

Encoded Meaning

Answer 4

the meaning is encoded, but not the exact words.

Question 5

Encoded Images

Answer 5

It is easier to imagine concrete things than abstract ones.

Question 6

Mnemonics

Answer 6

Creating a short phrase to represent several long ones.

Question 7

Overlearning

Answer 7

Additional rehearsal after the information was already learned to improve memory.

Question 8

Spacing Effects

Answer 8

How spread out learning Sessions are.

Question 9

Distributed Learning

Answer 9

Space out learning sessions out. Good.

Question 10

Mass Practice

Answer 10

All learning in one session. Bad.

Question 11

Sensory Memory

Answer 11

things in senses with more attention

Question 12

Short term memory

Answer 12

active reliving of sensory memory. 5 to 9 items, 30 seconds max, lost when distracted. Can be improved when distracted.

Question 13

Chunking

Answer 13

Taking units and grouping them into chunks to improve short term memory.

Question 14

Practice

Answer 14

An average of 7 items are remembered, but with practice this number can be increased.

Question 15

Long term memory

Answer 15

People supposedly have no limit to their long term memory. You don’t need to be thinking about it to remember it.

Question 16

Explicit/Declarative memory

Answer 16

who/what/when/where/why. Spoken memory. Hippocampus forms memories, but like a door. If removed, old memories remain, but new ones aren’t formed. Episodic/Semantic

Question 17

Episodic memory

Answer 17

what happened to you in your life. More vulnerable to damage, able to be lost

Question 18

Semantic memory

Answer 18

knowledge about the world, vocab, concepts. We know we know stuff, but not how we learned it.

Question 19

Implicit / Nondeclarative memory

Answer 19

“How to”: How to ride a bike, throw a ball, etc. Starts semantic, later becomes “Muscle memory”. Formed by the cerebellum. takes long to learn, longer to forget.

Question 20

H.M hippocampus study

Answer 20

1953, 27 years old. Had seizures, fixed by surgically removing hippocampus. Unable to make new long term memories. Gets better at star tracing, even though he doesn’t’ remember learning.

Question 21

Chocking

Answer 21

thinking too much -> do implicit tasks explicitly

Question 22

Panicking

Answer 22

thinking too little -> do explicit tasks implicitly.

Question 23

Hierarchies

Answer 23

a way the brain likes to organize memories. Subcategories.

Question 24

Schemas

Answer 24

preexisting ideas we have about how things should naturally go. Male doctors, female nurses.

Question 25

Retrieval

Answer 25

getting info out of memory.

Question 26

Recall

Answer 26

when we produce all the info by our self. short answer.

Question 27

Recognition

Answer 27

just identifying the correct answer. Multiple choice.

Question 28

Serial position effect

Answer 28

we remember the things at the beginning and end of the list better than the middle.

Question 29

Primacy Effect

Answer 29

we remember things at the beginning of a list because we rehearsed them a lot

Question 30

Recency effect

Answer 30

we remember things at the end of a list because of short term memory.