Prologue Vocab

Question 0

concluded that mind is separable from body and continues after the body dies, and knowledge is innate-born within us

Answer 0

Plato(Socrate’s Student)and Socrates

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

derived principles from careful observations. “The soul is not separable from the body, and the same holds good of particular parts of the soul.” Knowledge is not preexisting; instead it grows from the experiences stored in our memories.

Answer 2

Aristotle(Plato’s Student)

Question 3

“Father of Modern Philosophy”, agreed with Socrates and Plato. He dissected animals and concluded that the fluid in the brains cavities contained “animal spirits.”

Answer 3

Descartes

Question 4

became one of the founders of modern science. Scientific method:implied drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation, observation, and testing a hypothesis.

Answer 4

Francis Bacon

Question 5

adapted the theory of Tabula Rasa. Argued that the mind at birth is a blank state-on which experience writes.

Answer 5

John Locke

Question 6

Whose ideas led to form empiricism?

Answer 6

Locke and Bacon

Question 7

Empericism

Answer 7

the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation

Question 8

Set up the first psychological laboratory in an apartment near the university at Leipzig, Germany. Trained subjects in introspection.

Answer 8

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 9

Introspection

Answer 9

looking inward. Used by Wilhelm Wundt who asked subjects to accurately record their cognitive reactions to simple stimuli.

Question 10

introduced and brought structuralism to the U.S. and opened the first U.S. laboratory at Cornell University.

Answer 10

Edward Bradford Titchener

Question 11

Structuralism

Answer 11

an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.

Question 12

“Principles of Psychology.” one of the 1st U.S. psychologists. Established the theory of functionalism

Answer 12

William James

Question 13

Functionalism

Answer 13

A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

Question 14

First woman to receive a Ph.D in psychology. Second president of APA

Answer 14

Margaret Floy Washburn

Question 15

Student of William James. Became first female president of American Psychological Association(APA) Completed her doctoral studies but Harvard denied her the Ph.D.

Answer 15

Mary Whiton Calkins

Question 16

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 16

historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people, used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth

Question 17

Nature-Nurture Issue

Answer 17

the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors

Question 18

Natural Selection

Answer 18

the principle that, among the range of inherited traits variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

Question 19

Levels of Analysis

Answer 19

the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given pheomenon

Question 20

Humanistic Perspective

Answer 20

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
we choose most of our behaviors and that these choices are guided by physiological, emotional, or spiritual needs.
Looking at self-actualization and how to reach full potential of self

Question 21

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 21

how the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one’s genes.

Question 22

Behavioral Perspective

Answer 22

observes behavior
analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment
how much our genes and our environment influence our individual behaviors
Reinforcements

Question 23

Biopsychology (Neuroscience)

Answer 23

how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.
explain human thought and behavior strictly in terms of biological procsses.

Question 24

Psychoanalytic (Psychodynamic)

Answer 24

believe that the unconscious mind controls much of our thoughts and actions

Question 25

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 25

how we process, store, retrieve, and use information and how cognitive processes influence our behavior

Question 26

Social Cultural Perspective

Answer 26

looking at the culture and social group that one is in, and how it influences a person’s behavior

Question 27

Basic Research

Answer 27

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

Question 28

Applied Research

Answer 28

scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 29

Biological Psychologists

Answer 29

a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior

Question 30

Developmental Psychologists

Answer 30

a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

Question 31

Cognitive Psychologists

Answer 31

experiment with how we think, percieve, and solve problems

Question 32

Personality Psychologists

Answer 32

investigate our persistent traits

Question 33

Social Psychlogists

Answer 33

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Question 34

Counseling Psychologists

Answer 34

a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living

Question 35

Clinical Psychology

Answer 35

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Question 36

Psychiatry

Answer 36

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders, practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments